Introduction: Duke Zhou's Commandment: a famous saying in ancient China. Selected from Biography of Chinese Poetry. It is said that Duke Zhou warned his son to build a country. The following is the original and translation of the classical Chinese "Zhou Gong Jie Zi" carefully compiled by Bian Xiao. Welcome to refer to!
original text
Become a king and seal the bird in Lu. Duke Zhou remonstrated: "I couldn't be proud of Lu in the past. I am the son of King Wen, my brother, uncle of King Cheng, and the son of heaven. I am not the light of the world. However, if you hold your hair three times, vomit three times and feed it three times, you will still be afraid of losing the world. I heard that virtue is abundant, and those who keep it with courtesy are honored; The land is vast, and those who live frugally are safe; Lu respects life, keeps it humble and expensive; The people are strong and the soldiers are strong, and those who are afraid of defending win; Smart and wise, kept by fools and philosophers; It is wise to be knowledgeable, memorable and shallow. These six people are all modest and kind. The husband is the son of heaven, rich in the four seas, and therefore virtuous. If you lose the world without modesty, it will be embarrassing and embarrassing. Can you be careless? "
To annotate ...
Gong: Respect, humility and courtesy.
Rong: splendor and wealth.
Thrift: Behavior is restrained and restrained, not indulgent.
Respect for saints: high status and strong potential.
Humble: low.
Your position is very prominent.
Fear: the same as "power" and majesty.
Clever: refers to seeing things clearly.
Wisdom: Smart and wise.
Stupid: stupid, unfortunately wrong.
Zhe: Smart.
Profound knowledge and strong memory.
By: follow and obey.
Be careful: be careful, be careful.
translate
Zhou Chengwang sealed the land of Lu to Bo Qin, the son of Duke Ji Dan of Zhou. Ji Dan, the Duke of Zhou, warned his son, "After you go, don't despise talents just because you are sealed in Lu. I am the son of King Wen, my younger brother and uncle of King Cheng, and I am also responsible for assisting the emperor. My position in the world is not light. However, in the shower, you have to stop many times and grab your loose hair. After eating a meal, you should stop to receive guests many times. Even so, you are afraid of losing your talents because of neglect. I have heard that those who are tolerant of moral behavior and keep it with humility will be respected; Those who have vast fiefs and keep them moderate by virtue of behavioral constraints will have stable fiefs; People who have a prominent position and remain humble must be noble; A large population, a strong army, and a dignified controller will win; It is wise to stay smart and wise by being stupid; A well-informed and shallow person must be smart. These six points are all virtues of modesty and prudence. Even if you are as noble as the son of heaven and as rich as the world, it is because you have these qualities. This is the case with people who are not modest and prudent and thus lose the world (and thus lead to their own death). Can you not be cautious? "
Extended reading: introduction by the author
This article is selected from Biography of Korean Poetry.
About the author: Han Ying, about 200 BC-65438 BC+030 BC, was the pioneer of the study of modern poetics "Han Shi" in the Western Han Dynasty. Yan (ruling Beijing today) was an official when Yasunari, Jing and Wu Wei were emperors in Kawabata, a doctor when Emperor Wen was emperor, and a doctor when Emperor Jing was emperor. Later generations also called him Han Taifu.
Han Ying was a Confucian scholar at that time. He gave lectures and wrote many books, including Han Fu, Han Shi Zhuan, Han Shi Zhuan and Han Shuo. Han Ying's annotation on Neijing has many unique features. It is called "Han Poetry" in the world, and it is also called "Three Poems" with Yuan Gusheng's Qi Poetry and Shen Pei's Lu Poetry.
Han Ying also studied the Book of Changes, made a lot of annotations and wrote three chapters of the Book of Changes, but it failed to spread to the world.
Extended reading: Han Ying's main achievement
Han Ying inherited and carried forward Confucianism, which directly inherited Xunzi, but also praised Mencius, replacing "the king after the law" with "the king before the law" and "human nature is good" instead of "human nature is evil". Unify the views of the two factions with the most intense internal struggle of Confucianism. He absorbed Qin Zhou's viewpoint, reformed and updated it, and thought that "happiness comes from inaction and pain comes from desire". Rulers must control their own desires, "ignore rumors" and "adapt the people to the times" to avoid war; Take "modesty" as the principle of doing things, that is, "be virtuous and respectful, be broad and frugal, be humble and expensive, be strong and respectful, be wise and wise, be foolish and philosophical, and be shallow and wise". Big enough to rule the world, medium enough to protect the country, and close enough to protect its body. "In order to maintain the unity, he advocated loyalty above all else, and filial piety was subordinate to loyalty. If loyalty and filial piety must be abandoned, it is better to be a loyal minister than a dutiful son. The courtiers treated the monarch mainly by "covering the monarch with morality" and "adjusting the monarch with morality". Pay attention to the way of remonstrating with the monarch. He believes that Bigan "committed suicide to show the evil of the monarch and was disloyal". Wu Zixu's "remonstrance against non-monarch as evil" is "loyalty". Therefore, it opposes honesty and incorruptibility, disapproves of the honesty and incorruptibility of Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Bian Bian Tui, Yuan Zhen and others respected by traditional Confucianism, and agrees that Liu Xiahui does not insult and defile the monarch, does not hesitate to be a small official, does not enter a hermit, and must be guided by the Tao, be poor but not sad, but leave no resentment ",so that his subjects have no fame and fortune, no pity and no resentment. Don't be ashamed to pollute the monarch, don't be afraid of small officials, and obey ministers.
He inherited and carried forward Mencius' thought of "valuing the people". It is believed that "the people are safe, the people are strong, the people are in danger, and the people are dead." Rulers should "take the people as the sky" and must "nurture the people" in order to govern the world. The ruling class must not be extravagant, but should be frugal. "If it is not extravagant, it will not kill people" in order to achieve "peace in the world and peace in the country". Therefore, it is necessary to "teach the people". I think "a million fools are not for the people." Reiterate the Confucian thought of educating the people and put forward the view that "the life of a country lies in ceremony" It is believed that "rude people are not born, and rude people are not born." The reason why the prince can't help himself is because he has fallen into the country. " He denied Confucius' self-denial, inherited and carried forward Xunzi's ideas of "courtesy starts from desire" and "nurturing people's desires and getting what they want", and put forward the viewpoint that "the six emotions of people are lust, the ears are lust, the nose is lust, the mouth is lust, the limbs are anxious and the clothes are warm". If you lose, you will be confused, and then you will be silent. Therefore, the holy king will teach his people to be polite because of their feelings and righteous because of their desires. The righteousness is simple and prepared, and the ceremony is easy and the law is not far away. Therefore, people will act quickly. It denies Confucius' view that "courtesy is no less than Shu Ren's" and advocates "teaching people to be polite and righteous". It believes that "a hundred courtesies are agreeable, and a hundred meanings are in harmony with yin and yang, which is cold and hot, three bright in cold and hot, and three bright in rainy days. It is peaceful when it rains, so it rains. "