(A) according to the objective form of the main body in the economic operation.
According to the objective form of the subject in economic operation, the subject of economic law can be divided into: state organs, enterprises, institutions, social organizations, individual industrial and commercial households, rural contracted households, citizens and so on.
1. State organs
State organs refer to various organs that exercise state functions, including state power organs, state administrative organs and state judicial organs. Among them, state power organs mainly appear in economic and legal relations as the main body of economic decision-making; State administrative organs, especially those with economic management functions, mainly appear in economic and legal relations as the main body of economic management, and undertake the functions of organizing, managing and coordinating economic operation according to the nature, functions and tasks stipulated by the Constitution, laws and regulations. State administrative organs are composed of the State Council and its subordinate ministries, commissions, offices and bureaus, and local people's governments at various levels and their subordinate institutions. In some cases, state organs or the whole country can also participate in economic and legal relations as economic implementers, for example, the state signs government loan or guarantee contracts, issues government bonds at home and abroad, the government transfers land use rights, and establishes enterprises as shareholders.
2. Enterprise
An enterprise refers to an economic organization established in accordance with the law and engaged in business activities such as production, circulation and service for the purpose of making profits, including all kinds of corporate enterprises, companies and other unincorporated enterprises. Enterprise is an important subject of economic law, which undertakes the important mission of ensuring the quality, benefit and order of national microeconomic operation, and is an important link between state organs as the main body of economic management and units and individuals as the main body of consumption.
3. Institutions
A public institution refers to a unit established by the state budget or other sources of funds and engaged in culture, education, scientific research, health and other undertakings, such as schools, hospitals and scientific research institutes. Institutions mainly participate in economic and legal relations as economic implementers, but they participate in economic and legal relations as economic management subjects under the authorization of laws or the entrustment of administrative organs. Selected manuscripts of Dong 'ao intermediate title column.
4. Social groups
Social organizations are social organizations that citizens or organizations voluntarily form according to law to engage in social activities such as public welfare undertakings, party affairs, industry management and services, including party organizations, trade unions, women's federations, industry and professional associations, public welfare and academic organizations.
5. Individual industrial and commercial households and rural contracted households
Individual industrial and commercial households refer to the individual economy in which citizens engage in industrial and commercial operations within the scope permitted by law for the purpose of making profits and are approved and registered according to law.
6. Citizens
Individual citizens are also important participants in economic and legal relations, and the economic and legal relations they participate in are mainly tax, business administration, competition and other legal relations. For example, citizens pay personal income tax to the tax authorities according to law, which is the subject of tax legal relationship.
(2) Adjust different categories of fields according to economic laws.
According to the different fields of economic law adjustment, the subject of economic law can be divided into macro-control law and market regulation law. The subject of macro-control law can be divided into regulating subject and regulated subject, and the subject of market regulation law can be divided into regulating subject and regulated subject. The regulators mainly include the Ministry of Finance, People's Republic of China (PRC) State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, the People's Bank of China and the National Development and Reform Commission. The regulatory agencies mainly include the Ministry of Commerce, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision and Inspection. Enterprises, individuals, institutions, social organizations, etc. Can become the controlled subject or the controlled subject in economic law.
The above-mentioned supervisory subjects and supervised subjects, as well as supervisory subjects and supervised subjects, have unequal status, and their rights, obligations and responsibilities are also different. Traditional civil law emphasizes that there is no difference between subjects in economic ability, cognitive ability and information ability, so subjects can be "equal" In economic law, it mainly emphasizes the difference of subjects. Among them, the subject of supervision and the subject of supervision are dominant, but the subject of supervision and the subject of supervision also have certain independence and initiative, and are not completely passively supervised or supervised by others.