Introduction to Italy: The Republic of Italy is a southern European country. Most of its territory extends from Europe to the Apennine Peninsula in the Mediterranean. It extends from northwest to southeast in the same direction and has a long and narrow shape. Sardinia, the old land of Sardinia, is in the west and Sicily in the south is another big island in Italy. Watching this island with Italy is like playing football with one foot. Although Italy is located in the temperate zone, its climate changes greatly because of its long and narrow terrain, mountainous territory and its location in the Mediterranean Sea. The northern region is cold in winter, and the average temperature in January in the southern region can reach above zero 10 degrees, except in the inland mountainous areas. In summer, the average temperature in Italy is 24-25 degrees, except in mountainous areas with higher altitude. Italy's population is more than 58.55 million, and now it is estimated to decrease slightly, with 48.6% men and 5 1.4% women. The industrial population accounts for 28.6%, the service industry accounts for 52.5%, and the population density is 190 people/km2. Land area: 30 1, 279 square kilometers, capital: Rome. According to the survey, there are more than 200,000 overseas Chinese in China and Italy. Except for a few overseas Chinese who have lived abroad for many years, it can be said that more than 80% of the existing overseas Chinese in China entered Italy after 1989. /KLOC-The legalization (amnesty) of illegal immigrants in 0/989 attracted China immigrants from most other European countries to Italy. The legalization of illegal immigrants in 1995 and 1999 also attracted a lot. Generally speaking, the history of Italian China expatriates is not long. Like most other countries, Italian expatriates in China can't live without Chinese food, ready-made clothes (including leather clothes), leather bags and other labor-intensive industries and food stores with customers in China. In recent years, many small commodity wholesale shops have appeared in China. There are many overseas communities in China. In recent years, it seems to be a fashion to set up associations, and some cities even have as many as 10. Italy, Germany, France and Britain all belong to the four great powers in Western Europe and one of the seven great powers in world capitalism. The GDP is 654.38+0.23 trillion US dollars. Since 1986, Italy's GDP has surpassed that of Britain. Italian industry occupies an important position in the whole national economy and is the main source of national income. The main industrial sectors are machinery industry and food industry, as well as textile, clothing, shoemaking and leather industry. Italy ranks sixth in the world in crude oil processing capacity, second in Europe and sixth in the world in steel production, sixth in tractor production and ninth in power generation. Italian agricultural production is dominated by herbaceous crops and woody crops. It is one of the three largest olive producers in the world, and Italy ranks first in the world in grape and wine production. Every year, a large number of wines are exported to France, Germany and the United States, ranking first in the world.
Italy is an ancient civilization in the world and the birthplace of the Renaissance. Italian culture has its own characteristics. Literature and art, criminal code, architectural technology, sculpture and painting, military science, agricultural technology, geographical science, medicine and many other aspects have reached a high level, and celebrities have emerged in large numbers. Dante allegri's Divine Comedy (1265 ~ 132 1 year), Giovanni's decameron, Bo Faquiu (1313 ~132). The main cities in Italy are Rome, Milan, Florence, Venice and Naples. The Colosseum, the Arc de Triomphe of Constantine the Great, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the ancient city of Pompeii, Domandat and the rock paintings reflecting the activities of human ancestors in Moni, Valka are all worth visiting. Omo Church, Scala Opera House, Santa Maria Monastery, Prerat Gallery, Lake Collart, Senia Palace, Florence Church, Giotto Temple, Octagonal Baptist Church, Beatty Palace, Ufer Museum and "Old Bridge" will all make you linger. When it comes to Italy, people can't help but wonder where there is the most authoritative football match in the world (like Italian blood); There is the most attractive "Mona Lisa smile"; There are world-famous eternal cities-Rome, Venice, Naples and Florence. It is in this land that great figures such as Spartacus, Dante, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo and Kyle Polo were born. It was also in this land that Julius Caesar, Mussolini and the tyrant were born. This is Italy-a mysterious kingdom.
Italy basically knows the Italian Republic, the birthplace of the Roman Empire, a beautiful country with an ancient civilization, and one of the seven most developed countries in western society and economy. Throughout the ages, how many scholars have praised Italy in the most beautiful language and described it as "the paradise and garden of Europe".
The Italian Republic, located in the Yanin Peninsula in southern Europe, like a huge boot, goes deep into the blue Mediterranean, and together with Sicily on the tip of the boot, almost divides the vast Mediterranean into two halves. Its whole territory is dominated by mountains and hills, with the Alps as the barrier in the north, bordering France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, and facing the sea in the east, south and west, with two big islands, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy has two independent countries: one is the Republic of San Marino in the northeast; The other is the Vatican, located in Rome, Italy. The smallest independent country in the world is the center of the Roman Catholic Church.
Italy's national anthem comes from Greek, which means "cow". The green, white and red vertical stripes of the Italian flag. Historically, Italy and France used the same national flag. 186 1 year, when King Victorino Emanuel II of Sardinia unified Italy, he decided to erect a flag in green, white and red, and added a red shield and a white cross at the corner of the flag, which was the symbol of the Savoy dynasty. According to records, in 1796, Napoleon's Italian legion used the green, white and red flags designed by Napoleon himself in the battle. 1946, the Italian Republic decided to cancel the emblem pattern of Sava dynasty, and the green of the national flag represents the beautiful and affectionate land on Apennine Peninsula; White is the snow color of the Alps, symbolizing the lofty spirit of peace and justice; Red is to commemorate the blood of patriots and to show freedom, equality and friendship.
Italy's national emblem was made in 1948, and its core is a huge white five-pointed star with a red border, which is a symbol of Italian nationalists. Italy's developed industrial production is concentrated in a gear model. The national emblem is surrounded by oak branches and olive branches symbolizing strength and peace. Tie a red ribbon with crossed branches, and the name of the country is written on the ribbon: "Italian Republic".
Tourists in Italy often feel deja vu. Many of her landmark buildings have long been familiar to everyone. Medieval towns and business districts look like replicas of Renaissance buildings. However, tourists will not feel lonely. Every summer, many tourists come to Rome, Milan and Venice to enjoy the sunshine.
history
Italy is an ancient civilization in Europe, but it appeared late as a unified nation-state. Its history is roughly as follows: after the Roman Republic (509- 28 BC) and the Roman Empire (27-467 BC), it was ruled by the Holy Roman Empire. 186 1 In March, the Kingdom of Italy was founded, and in June, 1870, the royal army conquered Rome and completed reunification. 1922 Mussolini came to power, formed an alliance with Germany and Japan, participated in World War II, and was defeated three years later. 1946 The Italian Republic was founded on June 2nd.
climate
Most areas belong to the subtropical Mediterranean climate, which is characterized by insignificant climate change throughout the year, neither cold nor rainy in winter, and hot and dry in summer. The average temperature in southern Italy is 2- 10. 1 degree in June and 23-26. 1 degree in July. In the northern Alps, the temperature in June is 5438+ 10-1degree, and in July it is 4-20 degrees, with an annual rainfall of 500-1000 mm.
Population and nationality
The national population is 57.09 million, Italians account for more than 95% of the total population, others are French, Freudians, Austrians and so on.
language
Italian is the official language.
education
Italy has developed education and science and technology, and has a long history of establishing institutions of higher learning and developing scientific research. There are 64 universities in more than 40 cities in China. Italian education has the following characteristics:
The government attaches great importance to education, which has developed rapidly in recent years, especially the number of vocational schools and technical schools has increased rapidly. In the early 1950s, there were only over 200,000 students in school and attending classes every year. In the 1980s, there were 1 10,000 students every year. Now there are many vocational schools all over the country, not only in the developed industrial and commercial areas in the north. There are many vocational schools, including industrial, commercial, handicraft, home economics, navigation and other schools, with more than 6,543,800 students each year. These schools provide technicians for the development of all walks of life. In order to develop education, the government has formulated the ten-year school development plan of 1959- 1969 and the Italian school development measures of 1962- 1965, which has increased investment in education. At the same time, the education system has also been reformed. 1962 The length of compulsory education was increased to 14 years old, and the employment age of students was postponed. Through the reform, the number of middle school students has increased significantly.
Italian higher education has a long history. The university in northern Italy is one of the oldest and most famous universities in Europe. Its history is even longer than the famous Paris University in France and two classical universities in Britain, Oxford and Cambridge. Admission to Italian universities does not require an entrance examination. Since 1969, university enrollment has taken the form of voluntary registration. Anyone who has a high school diploma and wants to go to college can enroll without taking the exam after registration, and his major is free to choose according to his personal interests.
Another feature of Italian higher education is the unbalanced development between North and South. There are great differences in economic and living standards between North and South, and so is education. For example, there are many institutions of higher learning in Milan from the past to the present. In the early 1970s, there was only one boarding school-Calabria University, which was established for men. In order to develop the South, the government has increased its investment in education in the South and established universities and higher education institutions. Now there are more than a dozen universities in the south.
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Italy has a regional system.
The Veneto region is adjacent to the Adriatic Sea in the east, and connected to lombardia by Lake Garda and Lake Ticino in the west. The territory is mountainous in the northwest and plain in the southeast. The Po and Adige rivers, the two largest rivers in Italy, both flow into the sea through this area. The whole region is divided into seven provinces: Berlusconi, rovigo, treviso, Vicenza, Padua, Venice and Verona, with a total area of 18365 square kilometers and a population of 4.42 million, accounting for 7.7% of the total Italian population.
The main feature of the economic structure of Veneto region is that there are more than 320,000 small and medium-sized enterprises, which are distributed in every corner of the region. The main production industries in the area are: clothing, textile, leather shoes, metallurgy, construction, electromechanical and mechanical equipment (used in stone processing, textile, furniture, leather processing and other industries). The cultivation and brewing of wine are also very developed.
Due to the great advantages of geographical environment, Veneto has rapidly developed from a poor agricultural economy to a rich industrial economy since the 1950s. At present, 40% of the population in this area is engaged in industry and 53% in the tertiary industry. There are three airports in the whole region (located in Veneto, Verona and treviso respectively). The total length of expressway network is 1060 km, accounting for 15% of the total length of Italy.
Another feature of Veneto is tourism. Venice, a water city with peculiar scenery; There are the world's first18th century villa buildings and Garda Lake, the largest lake in China. The town of Cortino Danpezzo in the northern AmPezzano Valley is surrounded by mountains and has beautiful scenery. There is a modern ski resort and skating rink here, which is one of the most famous tourist areas and resorts in Aspen Mountain. Tuscany, located in the middle of Apennine Peninsula, is the hub of north-south transportation. The whole region is divided into nine provinces: Florence, Pisa, Siena, arezzo, grosseto, Rivona, Lucca, Massa and pistoia, with an area of 22,992 square kilometers and a population of about 3.6 million. The eastern and northern regions are mountainous, the central and southern regions are hilly and the coastal regions are narrow plains, accounting for 8.5% of the total area.
Before Rome unified Italy, this area was the place where Etruscans with ancient culture settled. This region occupies a particularly important position in the history of Italian cultural development. Italian is developed on the basis of Tuscan dialect, especially Florence dialect. Dante, the pioneer of the Italian Renaissance, the great poets Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, and the famous thinkers and scientists Machiavelli and Galileo were all born here. Florence, the capital of the region, is the cradle of the European Renaissance, and there are countless art treasures in the city's museums. There are many places of interest in Tuscany: Pisa has a world-famous leaning tower; Siena has a typical Gothic church; There are many square towers in Mignano in this area, which is called "Meta City". Wedge-shaped clay towers formed by soil erosion can be seen in the Apennine Mountains in this area, especially in Taro Guan Mingsheng Valley, which is called "Stone Forest". Apani, near the west coast, is a famous producing area of white marble. The white marble covered the earth like snow and ice in the sun.
Tuscany's natural resources are second only to Sardinia in all regions. The industries in this area mainly include metallurgy, chemicals, machinery, textiles and clothing. Prato is the largest textile center in China and one of the three major textile industrial centers in Europe. Handicraft production in this area, such as marble carving and straw colored stone inlay, has a long history and exquisite craftsmanship. The International Handicraft Fair is held in Florence every year. Agriculture and animal husbandry here are also quite developed, producing grapes and olives, as well as beets, tobacco and vegetables. Chianti red wine is a world-famous wine. Brief introduction of Liguria region
Genovia
The basic situation of this area
Ligurian region is located in the southwest corner of Italy, bordering France in the west and Ligurian Sea in the west. It is almost all mountainous areas with mild climate and abundant rainfall, and it is also one of the smaller regions in Italy.
The area is 54 16 square kilometers, of which 35% is hilly and 65% is mountainous.
The total population of the region is 1.469. 195, and the population density is 152 people /km2.
The region consists of four provinces: Genoa, imperia, Las Pecija and savona.
The capital of Liguria is located in Genoa.
Regional economic situation
Due to topographical factors, the agricultural development in this area is greatly restricted, and limited cultivated land is requisitioned to build factories and tourist facilities. However, due to good climatic factors, agriculture in hilly areas of this area is quite developed, especially the cultivation of flowers, ornamental plants, fruits and vegetables.
In Liguria, tomatoes, artichokes, asparagus, peaches and apricots in Albenga Plain, oils in Onilla, and wines in Wuyun Village and Impey Leah are all famous. But agriculture has not brought much benefit to this area.
In terms of fishing, due to the limitation of fishing and the lack of fish resources, fishing plays an insignificant role in the regional economy.
The most developed industrial areas in Liguria are Genoa and savona. Genoa is the largest port in Italy. Shipping business is the main source of the city's economy, and transportation and insurance are very developed. In addition, there are petrochemical, steel, metallurgy, food and shipbuilding industries. Savona's chemical industry and oil refining equipment are relatively developed. There are also the light industry, oil industry and food industry of the empire. Spezia is the location of the OTO- Melella military factory, which is sparse mainly in the food industry. Ocean transportation in this area is very developed. Two thirds of the people are engaged in the service industry.
Tourism in this area is one of the pillar industries in this area, which attracts many tourists from Italy and other countries because of its coastal geographical location, humid climate, lush trees and beaches. In Genoa, there are mainly the Cathedral, the Church of Santa Maria, the Palace of Saint George, the Palace of Rosso, the Palace of Spirano and the former residence and museum of the great navigator Columbus.
The main activities in this area include: international shipping exhibition, international tourism products exhibition, wine and spirits exhibition, European Arbor Day, sea sailing competition, international sailing competition, horse racing and Columbus celebration.
Regional priority areas
Marine transportation, shipbuilding and tourism.
leading economic indicator
The per capita GDP of this region in 2000 was 265,438 euros+0,550 euros.
200 1, unemployment rate 6.5%, enterprises126,701,employees 6 1. 1 ten thousand people.
In terms of foreign trade, in 200 1 year, the region imported 6.358 billion euros and exported 4.034 billion euros. The main export products are: machinery and equipment, vehicles, metal and nonmetal products, petrochemical products; Imported products include: mineral products, machinery and electronic equipment, food, beverages, tobacco, petrochemical products, metal and nonmetal products.
industrial area
Liguria has only 1 industrial zone, which belongs to the food field and is located in Mei Sen. Brief introduction of piedmont area
Piedmont
The capital, Turin.
Population 42 14677.
It covers an area of 25,399 square kilometers. Mountains account for 43%, hills for 30% and plains for 27%.
Piedmont consists of eight provinces: Alexandria, Beira, Asti, Cuneo, Novara, Turin, Wilbano-Cucio-Osola and Vicelli.
The Italian pronunciation of Piedmont is "at the foot of the mountain", which was called in the Middle Ages, meaning "the land at the foot of the Alps", and the name Piedmont has been in use ever since.
Piedmont is connected with the Apennines in Liguria and the coastal Alps, with the Great Paradise Mountain and Mont Blanc in the Alps, and is close to Cervino and Ross in the east. The Apennines in Liguria extend northward to the banks of the Po River. The mountains are covered with orchards. The Alps, like a high wall, surround the Piedmont Plain and lie between the Piedmont region and France. Monchiniro Pass, Freyus Pass and Monsenicio Pass are all major railway and highway traffic routes. There is the Sembioni Pass on the Swiss border, which makes the Piedmont region closely connected with northern Europe and western Europe. The western part of Phatana Plain is located in Piedmont, on the left side of Po River. This land is fertile and suitable for crop growth.
The natural environment is in the piedmont plain, and most crops are rice. There are many small mountain villages, farms and castles in the rolling hills. There are trees in the forest, and fruit trees and vineyards can be seen everywhere. Piedmont region consists of a part of western Alps, a small part of Apennines and the western half of Phatana Plain. The west and back are separated from France and Switzerland by national borders, and the back is separated from Valle? Dhaos Tower is bordered by Liguria in the south, Lombardy and Emilia in the east.
Agriculture, aquaculture and fishery The agricultural planting technology in the piedmont area is relatively advanced, mainly including rice, wheat, corn, some vegetables and fruits. The output of wine is not the highest, but the quality is among the best. Famous wines include Barbera Barbaresco, Barolo, Nebbiolo, Dolcetto and Grignolino. A large area of natural grassland is especially beneficial to the development of animal husbandry, mainly cattle raising, which provides a lot of beef, butter and cheese for the market.
Industry Piedmont's industries are mainly automobile industry (Fiat can produce cars, trucks with trailers, trucks, buses, tractors, airplanes, train carriages and locomotives), machinery industry (office appliances, calculators, electronic instruments), chemical industry (rubber, synthetic fiber, medicine, food and wine industry) and cement industry, paper and leather.