Zhuangzi was fishing in the whirlpool, and the king of Chu sent two doctors to ask him to be an official. Zhuangzi said indifferently, "There is a turtle in Chu State that has been killed for 3,000 years. The king of Chu cherished it very much. Excuse me, ladies and gentlemen, would this tortoise rather leave a bone after death, or would it rather sneak its tail in the mud when it is alive? " The two doctors said, "Of course, I'd like to live wagging my tail in the mud." Zhuangzi said, "Two doctors, please come back! I am also willing to drag my tail in the mud. "

Zhuangzi's pursuit of freedom is manifested in his happy journey, which is an infinite and transcendent spiritual journey. Zhuangzi imagined that Kun would fly high and soar freely in the sky. He doesn't want to be a high official, but he wants to be a free turtle. He wants to put the towering trees in a "place with nothing" and sleep under them.

His carefree travel is a state of absolute freedom in which the spirit is completely free from dependence and bondage, and a state in which people have no self, gods are useless and saints are nameless.

2. Tao Yuanming hates officialdom and yearns for freedom.

In August 405, Yuan Ming's last official position was Peng. 1 1 In June, Cheng Shimei died in Wuchang. Yuan Ming wrote "Gui Qu Lai Ci", unsealed and resigned, and officially began to live in seclusion until the end of his life.

At this time, the understanding is profound, the political attitude enters a clear period, and the thought also enters a mature period. Different from his previous life of farming, he is conscious now: he does this and understands why he does it. His rural life used to look like a small and medium-sized landlord, but now he has more labor and is closer to the life of ordinary farmers.

During this period, he wrote many poems reflecting rural life, such as five "Returning to the Garden" and twelve "Miscellaneous Poems". Tao Yuanming's poetic beauty thought of taking nature as beauty and truth as beauty shines on poetry, illuminates the personality of the characters, and makes readers strongly feel the poet's arrogant and unyielding personality charm of pursuing freedom.

Extended data

Tao Yuanming has a very clear understanding of the hypocrisy and darkness of social personnel, so his seclusion is not a passive escape from reality, but has a profound positive significance in criticizing social reality. When he was caught in the predicament of hunger and cold in his long seclusion, although he hesitated and wavered, he did not give in to the reality in the end, preferring poverty and sticking to chastity all his life.

It is said that the county magistrate sent Du You to see him, and the county official told him to get dressed to see him. He sighed and said, "How can I bow down to the children in the village?" From then on, it is better to talk about not bending over for five buckets of rice.

Tao Yuanming likes drinking, and "sending wine as a trace" expresses his desire not to collude with the decadent ruling group, and shows the poet's indifferent and broad-minded mind and aloof and noble character. It is precisely because of this that his works are plain but poetic.