The economic value of ideological and political education refers to the effect created by ideological and political education labor that can promote social and economic growth and development and meet people's material and spiritual needs. Fully understanding the characteristics of the economic value of ideological and political education is conducive to strengthening the awareness of the economic value of ideological and political education, paying purposeful attention to the economic value of ideological and political education in practice, and maximizing the effectiveness of ideological and political education. Ideological and political education is a unique practical activity of human beings and a kind of spiritual production. Because it is spiritual production, in the process of production, although the universal law of labor value must be followed to a certain extent, it is the basic law of the formation and development of people's ideological and moral character that plays a leading role, and it is the obedience and service of ideological and political education to the law of social development, not the law of economic value in material production. Therefore, the economic value of ideological and political education has its own characteristics.
The value of ideological and political education refers to its utility and significance to human development, that is, the all-round development of human beings. It is both objective and social, and it is the highest proposition and fundamental value of Marxism, so it is the primary problem that ideological and political education must solve. At this stage, the value of ideological and political education is mainly reflected in improving morality, improving character and sublimating ideals.
Attaching great importance to ideological and political education is a fine tradition and political advantage of our party. The proposal of the general plan of governing the country by virtue highlights the basic position and role of ideological and political education. However, under the new historical conditions, the traditional ideological and political education has been strongly impacted, and its value is difficult to fully realize.
Axiology is the basis of scientific ideological and political education, and its theoretical significance and ideological and moral education function should be paid full attention to in ideological and political education.
Ideological and political education is the heirloom of China from victory to victory, and it is also one of the fundamental guarantees and important conditions for China's revolution and construction. In the process of leading China's revolution and construction, our Party is good at combining Marxism with China's concrete practice, creatively developing the theory and practice of proletarian revolutionary instructors on ideological and political education, and establishing an ideological and political education system with China characteristics. A careful study and analysis of the main stages of the development of the Party's ideological and political education and its characteristics of the times will help us grasp the ideological and political education system comprehensively and systematically.
Ideological and political education is a unique socialization model in China. It is based on the political, economic and cultural reality and needs of China society, and it is a socialized mode of educating social members on their thoughts and values. It is not an end, but a tool, that is, it is not a purposeful thing, and the decisive factor of its existence is not itself. It serves ideas, makes them accepted, internalizes people's behavior orientation, and makes people act according to certain norms. After more than 20 years of practice and theoretical innovation, China's ideological and political education has made brilliant achievements. However, with the deepening of ideological and political education practice, some theoretical problems have surfaced more obviously, especially the understanding of some concepts is not enough to explain the problem, and it is difficult to continue to meet the needs of ideological and political education practice, including the understanding of the value and characteristics of ideological and political education. Correctly grasping the value and characteristics of keeping pace with the times of ideological and political education is helpful to the perfection and development of ideological and political education. Therefore, this paper will systematically expound the value and characteristics of ideological and political education on the basis of existing research results.
The Value of Ideological and Political Education
We believe that to understand the value of ideological and political education, we must understand what value is, but we can't take it as a set, because the concept of value is a philosophical abstraction of the common value of all concrete things, and it can only express one aspect of concrete value, not a comprehensive or generalized picture of concrete value, because it is not objective to explain the value of ideological and political education by taking a certain attribute of a certain aspect as all the attributes of a certain aspect. It is also unscientific. There is such a situation that an attribute of something has a performance point, but to do this, there must be an unshakable self-proof theory. As for the value of ideological and political education, if we want to use the philosophical concept of value to cover it, we must prove that the attribute of the value of ideological and political education is single and completely consistent with the value of philosophy. Furthermore, it is not Marxism itself and it is impossible to understand the essence of things without understanding them from their concrete existence and historical origin. Therefore, on the question of how to understand the value of ideological and political education, we think it is more reasonable to attach importance to the significance and role of scientific guidance of values in the philosophical sense, but it is more important to insist on understanding the value of ideological and political education from the objective existence state of ideological and political education and its value. Only in this way can we not be one-sided. Of course, it should also be carried out in the context of a profound understanding of China's politics, ideology, culture and economy.
There are several authoritative understandings of the value of ideological and political education in academic circles: for example, some scholars believe that the value of ideological and political education "essentially refers to its utility and significance to human development." It is an objective relationship between subject and object established by people in the practice of ideological and political education-cognitive activities. It is the relationship between the existence and nature of ideological and political education and whether it is in line with, suitable for and close to human nature, purpose and needs. This relationship is a positive and meaningful relationship that ideological and political education presents in its educational activities and social relations, which is in line with the purpose of people's all-round development (especially the formation and development of people's ideology and morality). [1] This kind of assurance can be said to reflect the essence of ideological and political education to a certain extent, that is, it insists on looking at ideological and political education from the perspective of people, so as to grasp its value and explain that the value of ideological and political education belongs to people, but it still regards the conditions for realizing the value as the value itself, that is, the realization of the value of ideological and political education is based on the relationship between the needs and satisfaction of the subject and the object, which confuses the realization of value and value. Some scholars simply understand the value of ideological and political education as being useful to people, and so on. We must first affirm the value of these opinions, which is of fundamental significance for further deepening the understanding of the value of ideological and political education, but any value is concrete, especially when our research object is not abstract philosophical value, but concrete ideological and political education value, and our foothold can only be this concrete value.
Another market-oriented view of the value of ideological and political education is to regard function as value directly. For example, some scholars use function and value side by side in the expression of "educational function" and "educational value", and in many articles on the value of ideological and political education, their specific function is regarded as the concrete expression of value. [2] Here, it must be clear that there is indeed a close relationship between function and value, which was established after the formation of human society. This is because value is unique to people and depends on them, while the existence of function does not depend on people. This shows that they are not only related, but also different. Value depends on function, which is the realistic basis of value. No function, no value. Although function is valuable under the condition of human existence, function is by no means value. Scholars who hold this view equate value with function, which is easy to understand because they directly apply the concept of value in Marxist philosophy to ideological and political education, while the concept of value in Marxist philosophy understands the value of things as the usefulness of things themselves. Therefore, from the perspective of Marxist philosophy, it is easy to equate the value and function of ideological and political education, and those who hold this view do not look at the value and function of ideological and political education from the perspective of ideological and political education itself. It can be seen that the view that function is value is unscientific.
However, a thing or phenomenon is considered useful, meaningful and valuable by the subject because it has certain attributes or performance, can meet some needs of the subject and has positive and positive significance to the subject. It can be seen that the key to the value of ideological and political education lies in whether it is useful to society and whether it can meet the needs of the subject and object of education. Therefore, the value of ideological and political education should be based on the usefulness of ideological and political education to people's spiritual needs, but the realization of value requires an inevitable relationship between people and objects, that is, the subject needs some attribute of the object to meet his own needs, and the object itself has this attribute. This attribute is valuable to the subject, and ideological and political education is not only valuable to the educational subject, but also valuable to the object. Because the educational subject has achieved the educational goal, achieved the goal of unifying thoughts and played an important role in social stability in the process of implementing ideological and political education, it is valuable to the educational subject, while the educational object may be integrated into social life through this thinking, so it is also valuable to the object, which is different from other values. Therefore, the value of ideological and political education is an external social attribute, which depends on the special function of ideological and political education to social life, that is, the rationality or basis of its existence based on its usefulness to social ideological rule, ideological education and the development of human consciousness.
Characteristics of the Value of Ideological and Political Education
On the understanding of the value characteristics of ideological and political education, it is also chaotic. For example, some scholars think that the value of ideological and political education has the characteristics of effectiveness, but in fact, in the context of function and value, only function involves the issue of effectiveness. When the function plays a role and realizes the utility, it realizes the value. It can be said that the value of ideological and political education is the realization of functional effectiveness, so effectiveness can only be the characteristic of function, not the characteristic of value. Those who hold this view do not distinguish between function and value at all, but regard the function and value of ideological and political education as one thing, and the reason why effectiveness is regarded as a value feature lies in this, and so on. Therefore, scientifically grasping the characteristics of the value of ideological and political education not only helps to understand the value of ideological and political education more clearly, but also has many problems in understanding and grasping the characteristics. Specifically, the value of ideological and political education has the following characteristics:
1, finite. The value of ideological and political education is limited, mainly because its function and role are limited, which determines that the value of ideological and political education is limited, not omnipotent. The main function of ideological and political education is to educate people in ideology, politics and morality, which determines that its value is limited in scope; The value of ideological and political education still depends on the effect of educating people, which is not only a valuable factor with ideological content, but also a method of choice. At the same time, the quality of the educator and the state of mind of the object also have great influence on the effect of education. On the other hand, ideological and political education is one of the components of human social ideology, and the role of ideology itself is limited, which is determined by the economic foundation of society, so the value of ideological and political education is limited. Some scholars argue that ideological and political education is omnipotent, that is, it can play a role everywhere in social life, so its value is infinite, which actually deviates from the dialectical relationship between economic base and superstructure and exaggerates the dynamic role of ideological and political education. Historical lessons tell us that the omnipotent theory of ideological and political education is anti-scientific in theory and extremely harmful in practice.
2. Times. In other words, the value of ideological and political education is determined by the times. The function of everything is epochal, but the function of ideological and political value is more distinctive, and the ideological and political education is more related to the theme of social life. However, the political problems of different times, different moral concepts and different social masses' acceptance of psychology will be more directly and quickly projected on ideological and political education and its functions. The function of ideological and political education is the product of the needs of the times, and its function is also inspired by the needs of the times. Every era has its own theme of life, and our ideological and political education is also determined by the theme of life, which is not only reflected in the content of ideological and political education, but also in our methods; Because the value of ideological and political education depends on the function, in fact, it lies in the effectiveness of the function, which determines that the key to realize the value of ideological and political education lies in the effect of the function, and the epochal nature of the function inevitably determines that the value has the epochal nature; At the same time, ideological and political education needs to be stimulated by the needs of the times, and each era has its own theme of life, which determines our ideological and political education, which is not only reflected in the content of ideological and political education, but also in our methods and methods. The most important thing is that we balance its value. Different times have different political issues and moral concepts, and the public's acceptance is also different, which makes the measurement scale of educational effect and educational value different, and its value must have the characteristics of the times.
3, functional dependence. Value is a kind of social attribute, and it is the rationality that something in society gives to its existence for the needs of a subject. So what is the basis of this value? For different things, their values are often specific and can be summarized. The reason is that the foundation of value generation is concrete. For example, the value of an idea lies in its persuasiveness and explanatory power, and the value of a universal tool lies in whether it can help people achieve their goals. However, in any case, value is based on the usefulness of things. The value of ideological and political education is also an attribute, but it is not its own "natural" attribute, but a social attribute endowed by a social subject, that is, the recognition of the rationality of ideological and political education, and the value of ideological and political education depends on its own function and role. Without the function of time, value will not be formed. The value of ideological and political education lies in its various social functions to society. If these social functions are not effectively brought into play, their position in social life will be affected, then the current ideological and political education will lose or shake its foundation of existence, and the real social functions undertaken by ideological and political education will be undertaken by other social things, even though the social value endowed by ideological and political education will not disappear. However, this value will shift from ideological and political education to other social things that can undertake the original social functions of ideological and political education, so we can say bluntly that the value of ideological and political education can not be sealed by anyone, but depends on our own efforts. The acquisition of any position and value in society requires that the person in charge must have the required quality. Therefore, the value of ideological and political education depends on its own function.
4. Indirectness of value realization. In other words, the value of ideological and political education is not directly expressed, but produced and realized by influencing people's behavior and its effect after it has an effect on people's ideology and internalizes it into an attitude or behavior orientation. Similarly, its realization can not be achieved through a transaction, and its value can only be reflected through the analysis of various factors after the recipient's goal is realized. Therefore, we must pay attention to this point when grasping the value of ideological and political education. It is precisely because of this feature that it is difficult for ideological and political education to gain effective value in the effect evaluation. Fundamentally speaking, the infinity and uselessness of the value of ideological and political education lies in the indirectness of the realization of this value, which determines the uncertainty of effect evaluation. Therefore, a scientific understanding of this feature will help to grasp the value of ideological and political education more accurately.
5. Two-way subjectivity, which is the key to distinguish ideological and political education from other socialization modes and have distinctive socialist characteristics. Specifically, it means that the value of ideological and political education is not one-way. It is not only beneficial to the friendship of social leaders who carry out education, but also beneficial to the educated social objects. Since the socialist society is a society where the people are the masters of the country and ruled by the broad masses of the people, the ultimate subject of ideological and political education is the masses of the people, and it is the vanguard to maintain the leading position of socialist ideology in society. The idea and values that education is conducive to representing the fundamental interests of the people have become the dominant spirit of the whole society and are of great value to safeguarding the fundamental interests of the people; At the same time, it can not only help the educated people in society to improve their personality, but also effectively help them form their ideological and political morality and promote the all-round development of people. Therefore, the value of ideological and political education in China is two-way, and its fundamental reason lies in the consistency of the fundamental interests of the people in socialist society.
By grasping the value and characteristics of ideological and political education, we believe that the realization of the value of ideological and political education must be combined with the needs of the times, actively conform to the development trend of the times, and effectively combine with the specific social and cultural background and social life theme of China, which is the basis for realizing its value; We must fully realize the effectiveness and shortcomings of ideological and political education, effectively realize and play its functions, and thus realize its value as much as possible.