chapter one

Short Answer Questions

1. Name three main aspects closely related to the formation and development of educational technology.

A: The audio-visual teaching movement has promoted the application of various learning resources in teaching.

Personalized teaching promotes the formation of learner-centered personalized teaching technology.

The development of teaching system method promotes the birth of teaching design, the core of educational technology theory.

2. Try to list three main contributions of audio-visual communication theory to the concept of educational technology.

Answer: 1. It clearly puts forward the study of learning process, thus correcting the research orientation of "material, feeling and concreteness" in audio-visual teaching.

It is clear that the theoretical basis of audio-visual communication theory is learning theory, communication theory and early system view.

Bringing learners into the field of educational technology for the first time.

3. Briefly describe the definition of educational technology published by AECT in 1994.

A: Teaching technology is about the design, development and utilization of learning process and learning resources. Theory and practice of management and evaluation.

4. Briefly describe my main experience in the development of educational technology.

A: Everything should proceed from reality and develop educational technology according to local conditions.

The development is not only the equipment and scale, but also the improvement of teaching quality and efficiency.

The development of educational technology focuses on the construction of modern teaching media and teaching materials.

The key to the development of educational technology is people.

Scientific research on educational technology is the forerunner of developing educational technology.

5. What are the four aspects of information processing learning principles?

Answer: Information flow. People's processing energy of information is limited, and memory depends on information deception code. Meeting depends in part on extracting clues.

6. What are the four elements of humanistic learning theory?

Answer: 1. Learning has the nature of personal participation. 2. Learning is spontaneous. 3. Learning is infiltration. 4. Learning is self-evaluation.

7. What are the six characteristics of modern attention construction?

Answer: active learning, constructive learning, lightning-induced learning, goal-oriented learning, diagnostic learning and reflective learning.

8. Briefly describe the contents of Shannon-Shi Lamu model and Shi Lamu model.

A: The Shannon-Shi Lamu model is an improvement of Shi Lamu's research on Shannon's communication model. It adds a feedback link to the communication model, emphasizing that the experience fields of information sender (information source) and information receiver (information sink) overlap to complete communication. The content of Shi Lamu model is a circulating communication model, which not only emphasizes feedback but also highlights the bidirectional nature of feedback, indicating that any communication activity should have bidirectional nature.

9. Briefly describe Kaufman's educational application model.

A: The system method is defined as the logical process of solving problems. The logical process includes: confirming the problem to be solved, determining the necessary conditions to solve the problem, selecting the way (strategy) to solve the problem from the alternative scheme, forming the methods and means to solve the problem, waking up the implementation, evaluating the effect, and making necessary adjustments or modifications to the whole or part of the system.

10. What are the four advantages and functions of discovery learning?

Answer: 1. Improve the potential of high intelligence.

Turn external rewards into internal incentives.

Learn the best methods and strategies so that you can find something in the future.

Help save and retrieve information.

Two. Thesis problem

1 1. Please describe nine application points of constructivism in the teaching and learning of the US Department of Education.

Answer: 1. Learning depends on the learner's previous experience. 2. Learners must construct their own meaning.

Learning is situational, and the meaning of new knowledge is highly dependent on the situation. Knowledge has different meanings in different situations, and it is rarely unique to any particular situation.

Learning depends on common understanding, which comes from the discussion between learners and others.

Constructivism teaching includes understanding students' existing cognitive structure and providing appropriate learning activities to help them.

Specific teaching methods can be adopted for the key components of concept change.

Constructivism has brought new ideas about what is excellent teaching and learning and the roles of teachers and students.

In constructive teaching and learning, more emphasis is placed on "learning how to learn" rather than the accumulation of facts.

Constructivism creates a philosophy about learning content: "Less is more".

12. Try to describe 10 teaching strategies listed by Rogers that are helpful to promote students' learning.

Answer: 1. Build a real problem scenario. 2. Provide learning resources. 3. Use the contract. 4. Use the community. 5. Peer teaching.

6. Group study. 7. Inquiry training. 8. Program teaching. 9. Make friends. 10. Self-evaluation.

chapter two

First of all, short answer questions

1. Briefly describe the characteristics of students' learning.

1, student learning is a special cognitive activity, mainly to master the cultural and scientific knowledge accumulated by predecessors.

2. Students' learning is carried out purposefully, planned and organized under the guidance of teachers, and the task is to master certain systematic scientific knowledge.

3. Students' learning is to accept the knowledge and experience of predecessors in a relatively short period of time and arm themselves with their own knowledge and experience.

4. Students should develop their own abilities, cultivate their own moral quality, promote the development of healthy personality and form a scientific world outlook.

2. Briefly describe the eight internal stages of the learning process proposed by Gagne.

The pattern of receiving nerve impulses, selective perception characteristics, short-term memory storage, long-term memory storage, extraction, reaction organization, homework feedback and reinforcement.

3. Piaget put forward that the relationship between external stimulus and subjective response is not simply S→R, but S → AT → R. On the significance of S → AT → R.

AT is the result of stimulating S to actively assimilate structure T, and A is the coefficient greater than 1. Stimulation S can only be assimilated by cognitive structure T, and then it can become AT, which will cause a certain reaction R.

4. Briefly summarize the components of Michael and others' learning strategies.

Learning strategies include cognitive strategies, monistic cognitive strategies and management-only strategies.

5. Briefly describe the three levels of learning style.

Psychological level, physiological level, social level.

6. What are the elements in the teaching activities? And briefly describe the significance of each element in teaching activities.

Elements: teaching content, teachers, students and teaching resources. Students are the object of teaching. Without this element, teaching will lose its goal. Teachers are the organizers of the teaching process and the guides of learning. Without this element, the bilateral relationship between teaching and learning cannot be guided. Teaching content is certain scientific knowledge, without which "learning and teaching" will lose its basic premise. Teaching resources play the role of carrying and transmitting information in the teaching process.

7. Try to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of three teaching structures.

The advantages of teacher-centered teaching structure are: it is conducive to the leading role of teachers, the organization and monitoring of the whole teaching process by teachers, and the emotional communication between teachers and students, so it is conducive to the systematic teaching of scientific knowledge, and the important role of emotional factors in the learning process can be fully considered. The disadvantage is that teachers completely dominate the classroom, ignoring the role of students as the main body of learning, which is not conducive to the growth of creative talents with innovative thinking and ability, and it is difficult to fully adapt to the needs of modern society for talents. The student-centered teaching structure is conducive to students' active exploration and discovery and to the cultivation of innovative talents. However, this teaching structure will ignore the leading role of teachers, the emotional communication between teachers and students and the important role of emotional factors in the learning process, and it is easy to deviate from the requirements of teaching objectives. The "leading-subject" teaching structure is not only suitable for guiding classroom teaching, but also suitable for the design and development of multimedia-assisted teaching courseware and online courses.

8. Briefly describe the characteristics and commonness of teaching strategies.

Characteristics (1) The clear consciousness and intention of working towards teaching goals are inevitably influenced by educational thoughts and values. (2) the overall planning of teaching methods and methods to achieve specific teaching objectives, and the assumption of promoting effective teaching practice laws. (3) Flexibility and creativity should be shown when choosing and deciding original teaching methods and means according to teaching needs. (4) The selection or formulation of teaching strategies should be integrated, and the teaching content and media must be integrated. Universality: it is actively used by teachers in order to complete teaching objectives; It is the need of effective teaching; It is aimed at the process of teaching activities; It is the teacher who makes the lesson plan; There is a difference to some extent.

9. What are the forms of learning resources?

Educators, educational materials, educational tools, educational facilities, educational information and educational strategies.

10. Try to explain the basic theory of teaching media.

Mcluhan's point of view, Clark's point of view, Bates's point of view, Bruner's point of view, Dell's "tower of experience" point of view.

1 1. Briefly describe the process of generative learning mode proposed by whitlock.

It is a process in which learners selectively perceive information from the outside, and then actively construct and generate meaning.

12. Try to talk about four ways to choose teaching media.

(1) The question table lists a series of questions about media selection, guiding users to find more suitable media step by step through thinking and answering.

(2) The matrix is a two-dimensional arrangement, with the type of media as one dimension and the teaching function and other considerations as the other dimension, and then the relationship between them is reflected by a certain judgment scale.

(3) The algorithm determines the proportional relationship between media cost and revenue through fuzzy quantitative calculation.

(4) Flowchart means that the flowchart is based on the problem model, and usually the steps of the process and the decomposition process are determined in sequence first.