Xun Kuang, namely Xunzi, was named Qing. Born in about 3 13 BC, he died in 238 BC. During the Warring States Period, Zhao (now Anze) was born. He was a master of Confucianism at the end of the Warring States Period and an outstanding materialist thought and educator in ancient China. Li Si and Han Fei are both his students. Xun Kuang has been to many places in his life. He studied in Qi State, had academic exchanges and discussions with scholars from various schools (now Linzi North, Shandong Province), and served as the director of the wine offering ceremony for the second time. Then I went to Qin and Zhao. In his later years, he served as the order of Lanling (now Lanling Town, Cangshan County, Shandong Province) of Chu State, and wrote books until his death.

Xun Kuang is a thinker of the emerging landlord class. His knowledge is profound. On the basis of inheriting early Confucianism, he absorbed the strengths of various schools and comprehensively reformed them, established his own ideological system and developed the ancient materialism tradition. There are 32 existing Xunzi, most of which are his own works, involving philosophy, logic, politics, morality and many other aspects. On the view of nature, he opposed the belief in ghosts and gods, affirmed that the laws of nature were not transferred by man's will, and put forward the idea that man could conquer nature. On the issue of human nature, he put forward the theory of "evil nature" and denied the innate moral concept. Emphasize the influence of acquired environment and education on people; In political thought, he adhered to the Confucian principle of rule by courtesy, attached importance to people's material needs, and advocated the combination of economic development and rule by courtesy. In epistemology, he admits that human thinking can reflect reality. But there is a tendency to despise sensory function. In the famous Persuasion, he concentrated on his views on learning. China people emphasize the importance of "learning" and think that only knowledge can be "without help". At the same time, it is pointed out that learning must be combined with practice, and the learning attitude should be sincere, single-minded and persistent. He attaches great importance to the position and role of teachers in teaching. He believes that a country must attach importance to teachers if it wants to prosper, and at the same time put forward strict requirements for teachers. He thinks that students can't practice unless the teacher sets an example.

The article in Xunzi has clear theme, rigorous structure, thorough reasoning and strong logic. The language is rich and colorful, good at metaphor, with many parallel sentences and his unique style, which also has a certain influence on later reasoning articles. The five short poems in Xunzi created a literary genre, namely Fu. He wrote Xiang Xiang pian in the form of folk songs at that time, and the lyrics were easy to understand. He used rap to express his political and academic thoughts, which also had a certain influence on later generations. Gou was a great thinker, outstanding writer and educator in ancient China.