19 18 is Cai Yuanpei's third year as president of Peking University. He formally put forward the concept that "a university is an institution that studies knowledge purely". In Cai Yuanpei's eyes, students should study hard when they go to college, and should not regard the school as only a place to get diplomas, let alone a place to sell knowledge.
The two tendencies of his criticism are precisely the problems of our time. The idea of exam-oriented education is still very common in universities, and many students and parents still pay too much attention to grades and ignore learning itself. Or take learning knowledge as the fundamental task, but don't understand that knowledge is only superficial, and it takes a lot of effort to internalize it into your own knowledge.
Pay attention when you study, and the result will never be bad; On the contrary, if there are too many utilitarian purposes when studying, often nothing will be good in the end, just like a doctor on the operating table will never calculate money while performing surgery. If you really want to do that, don't say that the money is gone, and you can't even protect yourself.
2. Tao Xingzhi: integration of teaching and learning.
Tao Xingzhi is a pioneer in rural education practice, but his educational philosophy can run through the university for four years. The traditional way of education and learning is that teachers talk above and students listen and record below. How efficient can this learning method be? In this regard, Maine National Training Laboratory made a "learning pyramid". This "pyramid" has seven floors, with listening at the top, and the lowest efficiency is only 5%.
The "teaching" and "doing" advocated by Tao Xingzhi, that is, "teaching others" and "practicing" on the pyramid, are at the bottom two levels of the pyramid, with efficiency of 90% and 75% respectively. Excellent educational ideas are all connected. Tao Xingzhi's idea is not a coincidence with this picture in America, but the essence of efficient learning. It's hard to imagine how good the results would be if we studied with such an idea in college.
3. Mei Yiqi: Moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic groups pay equal attention to five educations.
Mei Yiqi was the president of Tsinghua University at 193 1- 1948. On the basis of Cai Yuanpei's educational thought, he put forward the idea of "paying equal attention to morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and group" and put moral education in the most important position.
We have been talking about "moral, intellectual, physical and beautiful work", and it is really rare to really achieve the end. It would be a pity if you can't do it because of all kinds of helplessness before entering the university. There is only one word difference between Mei Yiqi's five-education thought and the contemporary one, which shows that senior educators attach importance to the balanced development of students.
Moral education helps people understand good and evil, intellectual education helps people distinguish right from wrong, physical education helps people strengthen their physique, aesthetic education helps people distinguish beauty from ugliness, and group education helps people integrate into society. The labor education we are talking about now pays attention to practice, which can prevent us from becoming empty talkers. Mei Yiqi's "five educations" and today's "reeducation through labor" deserve attention.