Historical evolution:
Huaian is located on the east bank of Hongze Lake, where the ancient Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the young Beijing-Shanghai Expressway meet, and the splendid history and civilization complement each other. The city borders on the banks of the ancient Huaihe River. According to legend, Dayu once went to the territory to control water, "making Huai River Yong 'an", and the name of the city means Huai River An Lan. Like the long Huaihe River, Huai 'an has a long history.
As early as five or six thousand years ago, there were traces of ancestors' activities in the city, leaving behind the "Qingliangang culture" in history.
Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties
The city has developed to a considerable extent, "the benefits of traffic irrigation are spread all over the country." There are both the Hanshui River (the Huaiyang Canal) connecting the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, and the land trunk line-a good road leading to the north and south, so it became an important area in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which was successively owned by Wu Yuechu.
Qin and Han dynasties
After Qin unified the six countries, the county system was implemented. The first batch of cities were Huaiyin (now Matou Town, Huaiyin District), Xuyi (now North of Xuyi County) and Dongyang (now Maba, Xuyi County). At the end of Qin Dynasty, the peasant uprising, Huai 'an people rose up and responded. Han Xin, a famous strategist, drew his sword and joined the army at this time, making great achievements. During the Western Han Dynasty, three cities were added: Huaipu (now west of Lianshui County), Sheyang (now southeast of Chuzhou District) and Fuling (now Hongze Lake). During the Qin and Han dynasties, agricultural production conditions, especially irrigation conditions, were significantly improved. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chen Deng, the magistrate of Guangling, built Gaojiayan (now Hongze Lake levee) for 30 miles to curb the flood in Huaihe River, protect farmland and repair the irrigated farmland in Ketang. Iron farm tools and Niu Geng have also been popularized, so agricultural production has made great progress despite repeated wars and defeats. At the same time, traffic has also improved. The Chidao built by Qin Shihuang passes through the territory, and the Hangou West Road built by Chen Deng makes the Jianghuai traffic more convenient. Therefore, during the years of Chengping, China's handicraft industry and commerce were relatively prosperous, and its culture also developed to a higher level. In the Han Dynasty, family learning and private learning rose, and a number of literary masters emerged, such as Mei Cheng, father and son, and Chen Lin, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an".
Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties
The city has long been at the forefront of war and confrontation. Years of war have brought the tragic scene of "a thousand miles between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River", and the economy and culture have been seriously damaged. It is worth mentioning that in the seventh year of Yongming in the Southern Qi Dynasty (489), Huaiyin Town 100 households were located in Huai 'an County, and the name "Huai 'an" was first seen.
Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties
The territory has been in a stable environment for a long time, and its economy has been able to develop continuously and prosper again. During this period, the excavation of the Grand Canal and the beach construction of Huaibei Salt Field played a great role in the prosperity of the city. During the great cause of the Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal, the main artery of imperial grain transportation from Luoyang to Yangzhou, was dug, and the territory became an important channel for water transportation. From Sui Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty, the imperial court set up an official office in Huai 'an, and appointed officials to supervise grain transportation. In the early Tang Dynasty, Lianshui became one of the four major saltworks in China. In order to transport and sell Huai salt, the salt river was transported during the vertical arch year, and Huai salt was transported again. Chuzhou (now Huaicheng, Chuzhou) and Sizhou (now across Xuyi County) have become two famous cities along the canal, among which Chuzhou is praised by Bai Juyi as "the first state in the southeast of Huaishui".
Song and Yuan Dynasties
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the territory was relatively peaceful, and water transportation and salt transportation further developed. The government encourages reclamation, repair and construction of irrigation facilities, and introduces and promotes "Zhancheng Rice". "Yellow, orange and purple crabs look at the rivers and seas, and Redmi white fish feed their children" is a vivid portrayal of this period. During the confrontation between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the market territory once again became the front line, suffering from the long-term poison of war and fire. After a long war, the market was in a depression. The frequent floods caused by the Yellow River seizing the Huaihe River have made the market worse and worse. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the domestic culture developed in Taiping, the government, state and county schools were established, and the number of educated people increased. There are also many cultural celebrities, such as Zhang Lei, a famous poet and one of the "Four Bachelor of Su Men", Wei Pu, a famous blind astronomer who majored in Fengyuan Calendar, a famous painter who created freehand brushwork in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the author of Huajian Collection, a famous connoisseur of painting and calligraphy, a theorist Gong Kai and so on. What is particularly worth mentioning is the inscription on the first mountain of Xuyi in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, among which there are many treasures of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei, Cai Jing and Zhao.
Ming and Qing dynasties
Huaian is located in China. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Huai 'an water transportation flourished again, and Qingjiangpu began to rise. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River flowed all the way to the Huaihe River, and the floods in the territory became more and more serious, agriculture declined, and the prosperity of the land of fish and rice ceased. Both the Ming and Qing dynasties appointed officials to govern the Huaihe River. Taking Qingpu River in Qingjiang River as the axis, cities in Huaihe River seized the opportunity of water transportation, salt transportation, river engineering, customs clearance and postal service, and entered its heyday, and were called "four big cities" with Yangzhou, Suzhou and Hangzhou on the canal line. The prosperity of the cities in the Huaihe River and Huaihe River has brought about a gathering of humanities. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more than 200 scholars in Yang Shan (now Chuzhou) alone, and there were also champions, sub-champions and flower pickers in He Xia Town, leaving a story of "Three Ding Jia under the River". There are also a number of celebrities here, such as Wu Cheng'en, the author of The Journey to the West, Yan Ruoqu, a famous master of Confucian classics, Bian Shoumin, a flower and bird painter who is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", and Wu Jutong, the author of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, one of Four Great Classical Novels, a traditional Chinese medicine.
Republic of China period
With the revocation of Huai 'an Prefecture, most of the city boundaries belong to Huaiyang Road, and then to Huaiyin Administrative Supervision Area. China's water, salt, river, monopoly and other interests have all been lost and further declined. The long-term war has dealt a heavy blow to the emerging modern transportation, industry and mining. China was founded in 1927. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, it became an important base and liberated area. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Central China Bureau New Fourth Army Headquarters, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Central China Branch, Central China Military Region and Jiangsu-Anhui Border Region Government are all stationed in China. Liu Shaoqi, Chen Yi, Huang Kecheng, Peng Xuefeng, Deng Zihui, Luo Binghui and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation and senior generals of the People's Army all fought here. The people of Huai 'an have made great contributions to the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation. 1948 65438+February, the city was completely liberated. 1949 In May, Huaiyin Special Zone was established.
After the founding of
After several adjustments, until 197 1 all belong to Huaiyin area. 1983 Huaiyin district was changed to Huaiyin city. 1987 Huai 'an and Suqian were changed to county-level cities. 1In August, 1996, four counties (cities) of Suqian, Siyang, Shuyang and Sihong broke away from Huaiyin City and established a prefecture-level Suqian City. At the same time, guannan county was assigned to Lianyungang. In February, 20001year, Huaiyin City was renamed Huai 'an City, the original county-level Huai 'an City was changed to Chuzhou District of Huai 'an City, and the original Huaiyin County was changed to Huaiyin District of Huai 'an City.
Since the founding of New China, Huai 'an people have carried forward the revolutionary spirit and fine traditions of the people in the old areas, especially after the reform and opening up, and made great achievements in socialist revolution and construction, and built Huai 'an, which is poor and white, into a new transportation hub and industrial city in Jiangsu, an important production and marketing base of agricultural and sideline products in China, and an important commercial port in the Jianghuai Plain.