College students are high-level scientific and technological talents in China in the future. Society, schools and families should not only pay attention to their scientific and technological knowledge education, but also pay attention to their mental health education. There have been many reports on the investigation and analysis of college students' mental health. It has been reported at home and abroad that about 10%-30% of college students have various mental health problems, and 20.23% of college students in China have different degrees of mental disorders and even mental diseases [1]. From this point of view, the mental health of college students is worrying.
College students are a special group. In personality, they will gradually complete the transition and transformation from teenagers to adults, gradually get rid of dependence on their families and parents, and gradually move towards independence and maturity. However, due to immature psychological development and lack of social experience, in order to win in the fierce college entrance examination competition, they almost devote themselves to their studies, so they are psychologically fragile and have poor adaptability, and often have emotional instability and psychological imbalance.
Second, the method
The purpose of this study is to further understand the mental health status of college students through questionnaire survey and individual interviews. A total of 1000 questionnaires were distributed to college students, and 952 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 95.2%.
SCL-90 self-rating scale was used to investigate some college students in Henan Province. There are 90 items in the scale, and each item adopts a five-level scoring system, with "None" as 1, "Mild" as 2, "Moderate" as 3, "Severe" as 4 and "Severe" as 5. The specific definition of "light, medium and heavy" is left to the self-evaluator. The total score of SCL-90 is the sum of 90 items, which reflects the overall level of mental health. The higher the total score of SCL-90, the lower the overall level of mental health. On the contrary, the higher the overall level of mental health. There are 9 factors in the scale, including somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia and psychosis; A high score of a certain factor indicates that the mental health problem is serious, whereas the mental health problem is light [2]. According to the similar standards reported by Lee Hung, the total score of SCL-90 is ≥ 180, in which 180≤SCL-90 < 225 is mild, 225≤SCL-90 < 270 is moderate and SCL-90 ≥270 is severe. Any one of the nine factors ≥3 points is a positive detection of mental health problems [3].
Third, the result
Among the 952 college students studied, 197 have psychological disorders in different degrees, with a total positive rate of 20.69%, and 9 psychological symptoms are more serious than normal adults, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 mental health level of college students (N=952)
Table 2 Comparison of scores of 9 factors between college students and national youth groups
Mental health problems of 3952 college students
As can be seen from Table 3, the main psychological problems of college students are compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, depression and paranoia in turn.
The results of this study show that the average score of SCL-90 of college students is significantly higher than that of normal adults in China, which is basically consistent with the relevant reports of Yu et al. on college students [4]; The positive rate of psychological disorders of college students in different degrees is 20.69%. The psychological problems of college students are mainly compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, depression and paranoia, which are basically consistent with relevant reports at home and abroad [5], indicating that this special group of college students also has the same psychological obstacles.
Four. conclusion
At present, China is in a critical period of reform and opening up, which will inevitably have a certain impact on the original social culture and moral system. On the one hand, college students should adapt to the learning environment and living environment of the university; On the other hand, they have to be exposed to frequent changes in social life, fierce social competition and the impact of commodity economy, which easily makes them psychologically unbalanced. Through in-depth interviews and further analysis, the current situation of college students' mental health is summarized as follows:
(A lack of understanding of "health"
The World Health Organization explains the word "health" as follows: "Health is not just the absence of physical diseases and symptoms, but a state of individual physical, psychological and social integrity." In other words, health is not only a state of mind and body, but also an attitude and way of life. It is the unity of physical health, mental health and good social adaptability, and mental health is the core and pillar of a person's overall health. However, the results of individual interviews show that 15.8% students do not care about their mental health, and only 12.8% students care about their mental health. In addition, there are 23.8% students who have a one-sided understanding of health and think that health is physical health.
(2) Academic troubles
Learning is the main task of college students at school, and the effect and efficiency of learning affect students' self-esteem and even their mental health. At present, the main problems existing in college students' study are as follows: First, excessive study pressure produces anxiety and inferiority complex. The development of society urgently needs high-level talents. Most college students are deeply aware that learning is very important for a person's development. Therefore, on the basis of studying their own professional knowledge, we should also adapt to various certificate examinations that employers need to take, such as CET-4 and CET-6, computer grade examination and so on. Once the exam results are not satisfactory, they will easily feel anxious, depressed and inferior. Second, the learning motivation is insufficient. In the practice of student management, we can often find that individual students have incorrect learning attitude, unclear learning purpose, low desire for knowledge, addicted to surfing the Internet and playing video games, and their learning enthusiasm is obviously insufficient. This phenomenon is more obvious among freshmen, so it is also the easiest to fail the exam. Third, the perseverance and perseverance in learning are not enough. Although some students are full of ambitions, they are easy to retreat when they encounter difficulties and setbacks, and they cannot persevere. Fourth, learning is not focused. Listless in class, inattentive, keen on extracurricular activities, making friends and falling in love. Fifth, failed to develop good study habits. Some students study casually and wait until the final exam to review suddenly, so their professional foundation is not solid enough. Sixth, the inadaptability in learning. Learning maladjustment is a prominent psychological problem for junior college students. Compared with middle schools, there are obvious differences in teaching purposes, teaching contents and teaching methods. There are many courses and a large amount of knowledge in universities, and great changes have taken place in learning conditions and learning methods. After class, the teacher has very little tutoring time, and almost all of them rely on students to teach themselves. There are also many colleges and universities that implement the elimination system in order to promote students' enthusiasm for learning. Students with poor adaptability are often worried about being eliminated and have too much mental stress. It often leads to neurasthenia, exam anxiety, and even weariness, abandonment and dropout.
(3) Interpersonal barriers
Interpersonal relationship has always been an important aspect affecting college students' mental health. The quality of interpersonal relationship is often a comprehensive reflection of a person's mental health level and social adaptability. Because college students come from all over the country, different living habits, personal hobbies and lifestyles all affect the establishment of interpersonal relationships. Nowadays, college students are mostly only children, and their psychological tendency of "self-centeredness" is serious, which is often manifested in interpersonal communication: they rarely care about others and are alienated from others; I am the only one; Suspicion and jealousy are strong. This greatly affected their interpersonal communication. In addition, due to the lack of communication knowledge and skills, some college students are both anxious and afraid of communication, which leads to interpersonal tension, loneliness, inferiority, fear, worry, depression and other adverse symptoms, which are harmful to physical and mental health. A very small number of students from poor and remote mountainous areas are worried that others will look down on them, be sensitive and suspicious, and then feel lonely, lonely and depressed.
(d) mental distress
Adolescent college students, due to psychological maturity and awakening of sexual consciousness, are eager to know the opposite sex and have a yearning and concern for love. Love is an important part of life. Pure and beautiful love can inspire people, give them strength, promote their continuous improvement, progress and success, rationally grasp their emotions and establish a correct view of love, which is of great significance for college students to create a better life. In the university campus, the phenomenon of college students' love is quite common, but due to the lack of experience and guidance, some college students have a poor understanding of love, and they have fallen into various misunderstandings in their understanding and behavior, resulting in many psychological problems. Some students are uncertain about their feelings, easy to go to extremes and impulsive; Some students fall in love with incorrect motives, blindly follow the crowd, compare with each other, or fall in love to fill the emptiness and loneliness and lack a sincere love foundation; Some students are influenced by some bad influences in society, and their sexual behavior is rash, and they even rent a house and live together outside the school; There are also some college students who often fall into depression and hesitation because of their improper understanding of sexual knowledge and behavior. Some students often have symptoms such as fear, anxiety, self-blame, and even insomnia and inattention, which affect their study and life.