Family education is the earliest education in life. People often say that "family is the first school in life" and "parents are the first teachers of children", which means this. In addition to the controversial "prenatal education", the whole infancy is mainly nurtured and educated by parents or other elderly people in the family, and gradually learn to eat, drink, pull, disperse and sleep. From the most basic ability and knowledge to speaking, walking, working, communication, family education is the fastest in time sequence. Content is the most basic.
Family education is the cornerstone of school education and social education. People began to receive school education and social education a long time ago, but even if children enter kindergartens and transfer to kindergartens and boarding schools after graduating from primary school, they usually spend a lot of time at home and are nurtured and educated by their parents or other elderly people, except for some special circumstances. School education and social education, even secondary education and higher education, should be carried out on the basis of family education and on the premise of striving for family education cooperation. The effect depends largely on the situation of family education.
Family education affects the development of a person's life. Family education is not only the first education in life, but also the cornerstone of school education and social education. People's ability, knowledge, habits and personality, especially their attitude and way of communicating with others, have a direct impact on their future development. As an important part of "lifelong education" with the development of life, this form of continuing education can not be separated from the "cornerstone" of family education. The role of family education
The role of family education in the growth and development of children and adolescents is mainly reflected in the following aspects: family education is based on individual socialization. Personal socialization refers to the process that individuals learn knowledge, technology and social norms, acquire social life and formal social membership, and form, develop and gradually improve their own sociality. Family, school and society are the basic places of socialization, and family education plays a fundamental role. Personal socialization begins with the family. After the child is born, on the one hand, parents consciously nurture and educate, acquire basic knowledge of life skills, gradually realize the interpersonal relationship with some people around them, initially master social norms, and learn to play their own social roles.
Children constantly observe and imitate their parents' behavior in the process of growing up, and learn from their parents the truth of being a man, their parents' values and behaviors. Childhood is the best time to accept socialization, and the executors of socialization in this period are mainly parents and families. In the next few periods, the role of parents and families as executors will gradually weaken, but it will not disappear completely. Family education has laid a foundation for individual socialization and become a bridge between school and society. The two are closely related and complement each other, and jointly promote individual socialization. Family education has a great influence on personality development.
China's talent study shows that there is a phenomenon of "talent chain" in talent growth, including "blood talent chain" and "mentoring talent chain". In the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Sanshui" was seen by his father, Lao Shui, his elder brother Su Shi was logarithmic, and his younger brother Ji Ji was a minority. Among the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", Xiu and his son occupied three seats. The formation of this consanguineous talent chain does not completely exclude genetic factors, but it is the acquired family cultural atmosphere and family influence that play a decisive role. The influence of family education on the growth of children and adolescents can be positive or negative, and the quality can be different. Because this process is restricted by various factors such as family, school and society. For families, the main factors are: the quality of parents.
The quality of parents is a decisive factor in the success or failure of family education. Generally speaking, the quality of parents consists of two stages. Parents, as members of society, have the comprehensive qualities that national citizens should have, that is, ideological and moral quality, cultural quality, ability quality, physical quality, psychological quality and so on. Parents, as educators of their children or other teenagers, are the qualities that the first permanent and lifelong educator should possess, such as educational concept, educational knowledge and educational ability. Ideological and moral quality and cultural and scientific quality are the basic parts of parents' quality structure, and educational concept is the key part.
The integrity of the family has a far-reaching impact on underage children. Parental care is the guarantee for the survival and development of minor children in their early living environment and family. If parents' love can ensure the safety of children's lives, then with the growth of children, parents' love will play more roles to meet their emotional needs and protect their mental health. A sound family is conducive to the healthy development of minors' body and mind, while an imperfect family, especially a single-parent family, often creates obstacles to the development of minors in one way or another. Living conditions of the family. The living conditions of the family include the economic situation of the family and the living conditions and living facilities closely related to it. It is the material basis of family life and an indispensable prerequisite for the life and development of minor children. However, material conditions are not directly proportional to the development of underage children.
China scholar JUNG WOO's research shows that the family is extremely poor, and the economic level can't provide normal or necessary food and clothing learning conditions for their children. This will seriously affect children's education and physical and mental development. Under the family economic conditions that meet the normal needs of children, any increase will no longer have a beneficial impact or play a positive role in children's study and education. Too rich family conditions will cultivate children's noble character and become an unfavorable factor affecting education. In real life, "the children of poor families take charge too early, and the children of workers and peasants become the top candidates in the college entrance examination", while the children of "high officials" and "big money" often have piles of problems. The cultural environment of the family
A good family cultural environment can not only meet the psychological needs of family members, especially minor children, but also help regulate their behavior. It also has the function of a tour guide, which can motivate them to work hard, improve their cultural quality and form good habits. If a family does not attach importance to culture, it will not invest in culture if it has money, and it will be in a state of "poverty" in culture, which will seriously affect family happiness and children's development. The psychological atmosphere of the family. The psychological atmosphere of a family, also known as family atmosphere, is the sum total of family members' psychological state, especially their feelings and attitudes. It is determined by family interpersonal relationship, gradually formed in family daily life, and has certain relative stability. Parents' expectation of education.
Parents have many expectations for their children, such as moral expectations, study expectations, physical expectations and career expectations. According to the survey results of oil refining, parents' expectation level is a factor of students' learning ambition, effort, academic performance and positive feedback. Parents' high expectations of their children may have a "hidden reinforcement effect", which can be well encouraged through children's perception and projection and through two psychological mechanisms. The restriction of family factors on family education is a comprehensive influence of many factors, rather than a simple copy of some isolated factors. A good family environment can reduce the cost of education, but if the family environment is not good or some factors are not good, half of the education work will even be completely offset. Therefore, it is inevitable to give full play to the function of family education, improve family education and optimize family environment.