The basic characteristics of experimental research are: scientific experiments have the functions of purifying the observed object conditions, strengthening the observed object conditions and being repeatable. Experiment is one of the basic methods of scientific research. According to the purpose of scientific research, we should try our best to exclude the external influence, highlight the main factors, and use some special instruments and equipment to artificially change, control or simulate the research object, so as to make something (or process) happen or reappear, so as to understand natural phenomena, natural attributes and natural laws.

Scientific experiment refers to the social practice form of observing and studying natural phenomena and their regularity under the condition of manual control by using certain instruments, equipment and other material means according to certain purposes. It is an important way to obtain empirical facts and test the authenticity of scientific hypotheses and theories. It includes not only instruments, equipment and experimental objects, but also related social factors such as background knowledge, theoretical assumptions, data analysis, scientific explanation, negotiation, exchange and fund acquisition among experimenters.