The enlightening principle can be embodied in famous sentences: "Tao leads to restraint, strength leads to restraint, and opening leads to greatness", "Gentleman's teaching leads to metaphor", telling students truth without demanding obedience, strictly demanding students without suppressing personality, inspiring students' thoughts without telling the whole story. The so-called "metaphor" means to inspire and induce. To educate students, we should adopt the method of inspiration and induction.

The principle of gradual progress can be embodied in famous sentences: "Learning is not equal to equality", "Miscellaneous giving without grandchildren, bad and chaotic, but not repairable", and "Giving without respect is called grandchildren", which means surpassing and surpassing, saying that learning should be from easy to difficult, step by step and insurmountable. Sun refers to order, and the teacher's disorderly teaching is out of order, disrupting discipline and getting out of hand. Ling is beyond; Paragraph is the limit, which means not to exceed the existing education level. This is called step by step.

The principle of timely teaching, the famous sentence: "It's time" says that teachers should seize the best educational opportunity and teach in time.

The principle of learning from each other's strengths, the famous sentence "Learn and then know the deficiency, teach and then know the difficulty." Only when you know your own shortcomings can you reflect on yourself; only when you know your own difficulties can you be self-reliant. "This means learning before you know your own shortcomings. The professor realized his confusion. Only by knowing the shortcomings can we reflect on ourselves. Knowing the confusion, you can stand on your own feet. Therefore, preaching, teaching and solving doubts are mutually reinforcing.

The principle of combining inside and outside class, the famous sentence: "You should have a proper job when teaching and a place to live when you retire." The teaching of ordinary classes is carried out according to a certain time or season, and there are also various homework between classes.

Preventive principle, famous sentences: "Don't let it happen before it happens" and "Let it happen before it happens", and take remedial measures in time when students' bad habits are not formed. This is called prevention.

Learning the principle of observation, the famous sentence "Look at each other well, it is called friction", which means to learn from each other's strong points, that is, to learn from each other's strong points.