1. What are the differences and connections between audio-visual education, educational technology and modern educational technology? P 12- 13

Connection: The purpose of both is to achieve the best educational effect and realize teaching optimization; Both of them use new scientific and technological achievements to develop new learning resources and adopt new educational theories and methods to control the educational process.

Difference: (1) On the research object. (2) In the research field. (3) In terms of research methods.

2. What contribution does the communication practice of audio-visual teaching make to the formation of the essence of educational technology? P8

A: The theory of audio-visual communication has made the following contributions to the concept of educational technology: (1) It clearly puts forward the research on the learning process, thus replacing the research orientation of "material, sensory and concrete" in audio-visual teaching. (2) It is clear that the theoretical basis of audio-visual communication theory is learning theory, communication theory and early system concept. (3) For the first time, the study of learners is brought into the field of educational technology.

3. Try to describe the contribution of systematic method to the formation of educational technology. P9

Answer: (1) The teaching system method shows that education (learning) technology is not a specific medium and equipment, but a process. (2) The teaching method of educational technology using system is explained in detail, and the process is emphasized. (3) The definition points out that educational technology is based on learning theory and communication theory, which is very obvious in the future educational technology. (4) The definition shows that the teaching system method combines human resources and material resources, and once again emphasizes that people are an integral part of educational technology. (5) This definition divides the process of applying teaching system method to solve teaching problems into "analysis", "design", "implementation" and "evaluation". (6) The teaching system method introduces the systematic idea that "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" (Bertrand Law).

4. What three main aspects can be traced back to the formation and development of educational technology? P7

A: First, the audio-visual teaching movement has promoted the use of various learning resources and promoted and optimized learning; The second is program teaching, which promotes the application of psychology and science and technology in personalized teaching, promotes the combination of personalized teaching and application of information technology and the formation of early teaching design; Third, the application of systematic methods in education has promoted and laid the foundation for the basic methods of educational technology to solve educational and teaching problems, and promoted the development of teaching design.

5. Try to name five categories of the definition of educational technology. P 10

A: These five areas are: design, development, application, management and evaluation. Design includes teaching system design, information design, teaching strategies and learner characteristics. Development includes printing technology, audio-visual technology, computer technology and integration technology. Applications include media applications, promotion, implementation and institutionalization of innovative technologies, and related rules and regulations. Management includes project management, resource management, delivery system management and information management. Evaluation includes problem analysis, standard reference measurement, formative evaluation and summative evaluation.

1. How do you view the integration of educational technology and school teaching?

A: (1) Teaching technology is a subject about the theory and practice of learning process and the design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of learning resources.

(2) The theories and research methods of educational technology provide guidance for teaching: ① Description, observation and research; ② Comparative study of media efficiency; ③ATI research; ④ Development research; ⑤ Experimental research; ⑤ Qualitative research.

(3) The design of the core teaching system of educational technology is the basis of subject teaching.

The design of teaching system takes the whole teaching process as a whole, that is, a series of factors such as teachers, learners, teaching materials, media and environment are comprehensively considered and coordinated to achieve the purpose of optimizing teaching effect. From the general mode of teaching design, teaching should choose teaching content, teaching media, teaching mode and method on the basis of learning demand analysis, learner analysis and teaching objectives, and finally modify and improve it through formative evaluation. The teaching process is a dynamic, continuous and developing process.

(4) Educational technology emphasizes the application of modern information technology in teaching.

Nowadays, network and multimedia technology have changed people's work, study and lifestyle. These technologies have broad application prospects in the field of teaching. They provide abundant manpower and special resources for teaching. Some of their characteristics, such as real-time and interactivity, provide more flexible choices for teaching methods and are helpful to cultivate students' creativity and autonomy. By using the internet. We can also develop some new teaching or learning forms, such as research-based learning and autonomous learning, to bring fresh vitality to teaching. Teachers and students should fully study and apply these new media and technologies to improve teaching quality.

(5) Schools and teachers should reasonably choose media or organize, design and develop appropriate learning resources.

Pay attention to the quality and effect of the selected media. When using these media, subject teachers should re-create or develop their own, such as some courseware.

(6) Schools should attach importance to teaching management.

Educational technology management refers to the process of educational activities in which managers at all levels in the application field adjust all resources and coordinate all kinds of relationships through a series of methods, means and systems such as planning, organization, coordination and supervision, so as to effectively achieve the set goals. Management includes software and hardware resource management, teaching process management, project management and knowledge management.

(7) The most important purpose of educational technology is to improve the teaching effect.

In teaching, we should pay attention to the fact that teaching or learning is to improve the teaching effect, so we can't pursue technology and superficial things in practice and ignore the most essential requirements of education. Everything should be student-centered, with students learning knowledge, cultivating ability and improving quality as the most important purpose.

In teaching practice, we should be good at applying educational technology, use it to guide our practice, and use it to improve the educational effect and promote education.

chapter two

1. Try to talk about five basic elements in the process of teaching communication. P27

A: Five basic elements: disseminator, information, media, receiver and effect.

2. Try to discuss the relationship between system theory and educational technology. P30

A: A system is the sum total of all components that have a certain relationship with the environment. Human itself is a complex giant system. People's sociality and complexity, the uncertainty of people's psychology and behavior, and the coordination with other subsystems that make up this complex giant system, including curriculum system and intelligent learning environment system, make him study and work harmoniously. This is by far the most complicated system. Education and teaching system is an open and complex giant system. The so-called complex giant system is characterized by many kinds of subsystems, many hierarchical structures and complex parallel relations. Practice has proved that the only effective way to deal with the open complex giant system is the comprehensive integration method combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Its essence is to organically combine expert groups (various related experts), data and various information with computer technology, and to combine scientific theories of various disciplines with human experience and knowledge, which also constitutes a system. The successful application of this method lies in giving full play to the overall and comprehensive advantages of the system. Educational technology is not any specific media or equipment. In this sense, the whole teaching technology is greater than the sum of its parts. It is a systematic method to design, implement and evaluate the whole teaching process according to specific goals. Based on the study of human learning and communication, it comprehensively utilizes human and material resources to achieve the purpose of more effective teaching. The subject characteristic of educational technology lies in the method, which is a systematic method to achieve the established goal (that is, to promote learners' learning), and the focus is on the concrete operation process, operation method and methodology of solving educational and teaching problems by using the "systematic method". The core idea of educational technology knowledge system is "systematic method".

3. What are the eight stages described in Gagne's information processing learning model? P34

A: Motivation stage (expectation), understanding stage (attention), acquisition stage (coding), recall stage (extraction), generalization stage (transfer), retention stage (memory), operation stage (reaction) and feedback stage (reinforcement).