Language understanding ability, language application ability, thinking ability and preliminary aesthetic ability. The future reform of Chinese education in primary schools should meet the needs of social development and changes for the concept of talents and the concept of Chinese education quality, so the core literacy cannot be comprehensive and neglected. We try to list the core literacy of primary school Chinese from four dimensions: understanding, application, thinking and aesthetics. Language comprehension ability can read the main content of the text and understand the characteristics of the text expression; Know how to accumulate beautiful and fresh language materials, and have a preliminary sense of language. Language application ability can try to use the experience gained in oral and written language expression according to the specific context (language situation) and task requirements, communicate smoothly and use words orderly. Thinking ability can actively think in reading, expression and other verbal activities; Can use imagination and association to form a preliminary understanding of objective things, a preliminary understanding of language and literary images, and have a preliminary judgment. Preliminary aesthetic ability. Feel the beauty of Chinese characters and have the emotion of loving the language and writing of the motherland; Feel the beauty of human nature: truth, goodness and beauty, with a preliminary aesthetic experience. Reading series and expression series are the ways to realize it; Listening, speaking, reading and writing are the ways to realize it; Life is the way to realize. Generally speaking, listening and reading belong to the category of understanding language, and speaking and writing belong to the category of using language. Reading is not only reading the text, but also establishing the concept of big reading. Read more and think more. Chinese teaching should pay attention to protecting children's nature, such as curiosity, plasticity, imitation and love of inquiry.