First, the basic knowledge of fire safety
1, don't play with fire, don't fiddle with electrical equipment at will.
2. Don't throw cigarette butts, matchsticks and other kindling in the wastebasket, and don't burn sundries at will. Don't smoke in bed or on the sofa.
3. It is forbidden to use firewood, firewood, charcoal, coal, etc. to make a fire. As a fuel, outdoor smoking and open flame operation are prohibited in windy days or high fire danger weather.
4, before going to bed, must use electrical appliances, turn off the gas switch, eliminate the legacy of fire. When the electrical equipment is not used for a long time, cut off the switch or unplug the bolt.
5. Keep a safe distance of 1 m or more between liquefied gas cylinders and stoves. When in use, first open the air valve and then ignite; After use, turn off the gas valve first, and then turn off the stove switch. Do not dump the residual liquid of liquefied petroleum gas at will. In case of gas leakage, quickly close the gas source valve, open the doors and windows for ventilation, don't touch the electrical switch and use naked flame, and don't make phone calls or mobile phones in the gas leakage place.
6. Don't use fire or store items in stairwells and public walkways. Do not use fire in the shed, do not store inflammable and explosive articles, and do not maintain motor vehicles. Don't smoke or use fire in the no-fire area.
7. Call the fire alarm number 1 19 immediately after finding the fire, state the detailed address, fire location, fire substance and fire size, leave your name and phone number, and send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection.
8. Once there is a fire at home, you must keep calm. For the initial fire, the combustible materials near the fire point should be cleaned up quickly, and simple fire extinguishing equipment such as bedding and water should be used to control and extinguish the fire quickly. Don't open the doors and windows rashly when putting out the fire, so as to avoid air convection and accelerate the spread of the fire.
9, master the basic methods of fire escape, clear residential environment, familiar with the escape route. When the fire comes, you should escape quickly, not greedy for property, so as not to lose the chance to escape. Don't carry heavy objects on the way to escape, and don't risk returning to the fire after fleeing from the fire.
10, when fleeing from the fire, keep calm and correctly estimate the fire. If the fire is not big, make a decisive decision and put on soaked clothes, bedding, etc. Run towards the safety exit. You can't take the elevator when you escape. Close the door behind you when you escape to prevent smoke from entering.
1 1. There is a fire downstairs. Residents upstairs should not open the door to watch or rush downstairs to escape. To close the door, you can block the door with soaked sheets, curtains, etc. Or tape it. If the door is very hot, you can splash water to cool it down.
12. If the escape route is blocked by fire, you can move to the balcony or the window where the ladder car is set, and send out a distress signal by flashing a flashlight, waving clothes, making a phone call, etc., and wait for rescue.
The fire is ruthless. In case of fire, the first thing to do is to get out of danger. When you leave, you often need to cross the fire zone. At this time, if the fire is not too big, you can put on non-flammable soaked clothes or wrap a thick wet blanket. You can wear rubber shoes when the ground is on fire. Cross the fire zone quickly and decisively. Don't inhale, lest you be choked by smoke.
Before escaping, find out the direction of the fire, determine the wind direction, and leave the fire quickly against the wind before the fire spreads.
When a fire breaks out indoors, it will inevitably produce a lot of smoke, which contains a lot of carbon monoxide. If you stay in this environment for too long, you will be poisoned. Smoke can gather in the upper part of the room with hot air, but in the lower part of the room, people can clearly see the object and direction. At this time, people should squat or get down. If time and conditions permit, you can cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and climb to the door.
After opening the door, walk down the stairs. Never take the elevator, because the elevator may be hoisted or burned at any time due to power failure in a fire.
Second, fire fighting methods and common sense
1, cooling fire extinguishing method
The principle of this fire extinguishing method is to spray the fire extinguishing agent directly on the burning object, so that the combustion temperature is reduced below the ignition point and the combustion is stopped. Or spray the fire extinguishing agent on the substance near the fire source, so that it will not form a new ignition point due to the thermal radiation of the flame. Cooling fire extinguishing method is a main method of fire extinguishing, and water and carbon dioxide are often used as fire extinguishing agents to cool down and extinguish the fire.
The extinguishing agent does not participate in the chemical reaction in the combustion process. This method belongs to the physical fire extinguishing method.
2, isolation fire extinguishing method
Isolation fire extinguishing method is to isolate or eliminate the burning substances from the unburned combustible substances around, interrupt the supply of combustible substances, and stop burning because of insufficient combustible substances. Specific methods are:
(1), move combustible, inflammable, explosive and combustion-supporting articles to the vicinity of the fire source.
(2) Close the valves of combustible gas and liquid pipelines to reduce and prevent combustible substances from entering the combustion zone.
(3) Try to prevent scattered flammable and combustible liquids.
(4) Dismantle flammable buildings adjacent to the fire source to form a space to prevent the fire from spreading.
3, suffocation fire extinguishing method
Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is to prevent air from flowing into the combustion zone, or dilute the air with non-combustible substances, so that the combustion products can not get enough oxygen and go out. The specific method is:
(1), cover combustible materials with sand, cement, wet sacks and wet quilts.
(2) Spray atomized water, dry powder, foam and other fire extinguishing agents to cover combustible materials.
(3) Fill fire extinguishing containers and equipment with steam or inert gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
(4), closed fire buildings, equipment and holes.
(5) Spray incombustible gas or incombustible liquid (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and carbon tetrachloride). ) into combustible areas or on combustible materials.
Third, fire common sense
Solid fire should be put out by water type, foam, ammonium phosphate dry powder and halon fire extinguisher first.
Liquid fire should be put out with dry powder, foam, haloalkane and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher first.
Gas fire should be put out with dry powder, alkyl halide and carbon dioxide fire extinguisher first.
The fire of charged objects should be put out with halon, carbon dioxide and dry powder fire extinguisher first.
Fire-fighting equipment for metal fires should be solved through consultation between the design department and the local public security fire supervision department. At present, there is no formal fire extinguisher product in China.
Four, the use of fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing methods can refer to the classification of "common sense of fire extinguishers".
There are many types of fire extinguishers, which can be divided into: portable and cart-type; According to the power source driving the fire extinguishing agent, it can be divided into gas cylinder type, pressure storage type and chemical reaction type, and according to the filled fire extinguishing agent, it can be divided into foam, dry powder, haloalkane, carbon dioxide, acid and alkali, and clear water.
Fire safety knowledge? -common sense of escape and self-help
1, when a fire breaks out, you should escape quickly and don't be greedy for property.
2. Family members should know the basic methods of fire escape and be familiar with several escape routes.
3. When threatened by fire, put on wet clothes and bedding immediately and rush out in the direction of safety exit.
4. When escaping from the thick smoke, try to keep your body close to the ground and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel.
5, the body is on fire, don't run, you can roll on the spot or use heavy clothes to suppress the flame.
In case of fire, you can't take the elevator. You should run in the direction of the safety exit.
7, outdoor fire, the door is hot, don't open the door, to prevent fire into the room. Use soaked bedding, clothes, etc. To block the doors and windows, to splash water to cool down.
8. If all escape routes are blocked by fire, you should immediately return to the room and send a distress signal to the window by flashlight, waving clothes, making a phone call, etc. And wait for rescue.
9. Don't jump off a building blindly. You can use evacuation stairs, balconies, drainage pipes, etc. In order to escape, either the sheets and quilts are torn into strips to form a rope, which is tightly tied to fixed objects such as window frames and iron railings, and slides down the rope, or goes down to the unlit floor to escape from danger.
Five, fire safety knowledge-fire common sense
1. Teach children not to play with fire and electrical equipment.
2, don't throw cigarette butts, don't smoke in bed.
3. Don't connect wires randomly, and don't replace circuit fuses with copper and iron wires.
4. Don't store more than 0.5 liters of gasoline, alcohol, natural water and other inflammable and explosive articles at home.
5. Don't leave people when lighting with naked flame, and don't look for things with naked flame.
6. Before leaving home or going to bed, check whether the electrical appliances are cut off, whether the gas valve is closed and whether the open flame is extinguished.
7, don't pile up sundry in the corridor, stairs, etc., to ensure the smooth passage and exit.
8. In case of gas leakage, quickly close the gas source valve, open the doors and windows for ventilation, do not touch the electrical switch and use naked flame, and promptly notify the professional maintenance department for handling.
9, can't dump liquefied gas residue.
Six, fire safety knowledge-the use of dry powder fire extinguishers
1. Before use, shake the fire extinguisher several times to loosen the dry powder in the bottle.
2, unplug the safety pin, aim at the root of the flame and press the handle to spray.
3, in the process of fire fighting, should always keep upright, not lying or upside down.
4. Prevent re-ignition after fire.
Basic knowledge of fire safety
1, "Six Masters"
(1), master fire laws and regulations and safety operation procedures.
(2), master the fire risk and fire prevention measures of this unit and post.
(3), master the use of fire control facilities and equipment.
(4), master the alarm, fire fighting and evacuation skills.
(5), master the safe evacuation route and guide the evacuation procedures and methods.
(6), master the fire emergency evacuation plan information and operating procedures.
2, fire prevention "ten methods"
(1), when you run out of matches, put out the match stems and cigarette butts in the ashtray, and don't smoke on the bed or sofa after drinking or before going to bed.
(2) Turn off the power switch and gas, liquefied gas and natural gas valves in time. Put out indoor and outdoor fires when going out and before going to bed.
(3) Educate children not to play with fire and electrical equipment.
(4) Don't set off fireworks in the forbidden area, and pay attention to safety when setting off fireworks outside the forbidden area.
(5), to ensure the smooth passage, stairs, not in the floor passage and exit stacked items.
(6), don't pull disorderly wiring, prevent overload electricity, when using electric heating, people can't walk for a long time.
(7), don't open fire to find items and leak detection gas, liquefied gas, etc.
(8), don't use light bulbs to warm or bake clothes.
(9), don't put the lit mosquito-repellent incense near the edge of the bed and curtains.
(10), don't burn superstitious items in the house.
3, fire fighting "ten strokes"
(1), shout when you find the fire, call the fire alarm number 1 19, make clear the road name, alley and house number, and then send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection.
(2) Put out the flame and use local materials, such as covering the flame with yellow sand, blankets and quilts, and then watering.
(3) Use pots, barrels and other water to put out the fire in time, or use the fire-fighting equipment in the floor in time.
(4), individual items on fire, to quickly move the fire to the outdoor fire fighting.
(5) If the oil pan is on fire, directly cover the pan to put out the fire.
(6) When the household appliances catch fire, cut off the power supply first, then cover them with blankets and quilts to suffocate and extinguish the fire. If they are still not extinguished, water them again.
(7) When the TV is released, use blankets and quilts, and people should stand on the side to prevent the CRT from bursting and hurting people.
(8), gas, liquefied gas stove is on fire, should first turn off the valve, covered with apron, clothes, quilts, etc. After soaking, pour water and let it out.
(9) When putting out the fire, you should slowly open the doors and windows, so as to avoid air convection accelerating the flame to suddenly jump out and hurt people.
(10), flammable materials and liquefied gas tanks near the fire site should be evacuated to a safe place in time.
4. "Top Ten Strategies" for Escape
(1), usually think of several escape routes in different directions.
(2) Avoid fireworks and do not drill into the attic, under the bed or in the cupboard.
(3), the fire is not big, should take the initiative to put on wet clothes, wrapped in wet blankets and wet bedding bravely rushed out, but never put on a plastic raincoat.
(4), don't want to stay with property, escape from the fire as soon as possible, remember, since you have escaped, don't run back.
(5) Take refuge in the thick smoke, try to lower your body and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel.
(6) If your body is on fire, don't run, but roll on the spot to crush the flame.
(7), don't blindly jump off a building, you can use a rope or tear the sheets into strips together, tightly tied to the doors and windows and things, and then slide down.
(8) Make full use of indoor doors and windows, balconies, downspouts or bamboo poles to escape and save themselves.
(9) If the upstairs is surrounded by fire, throw soft objects such as sofa cushions and pillows or other small items outdoors, and use a flashlight to send out distress signals at night.
(10), if the escape route is blocked by fire, immediately return to the room, close the doors and windows, block the gap, and water the doors and windows conditionally.