As we all know, the application of modern educational technology to promote the reform and development of education at all levels (especially to promote the reform and development of basic education) has become the main trend of education reform in all countries of the world and the basic consensus of international education circles. The reason why there is such a consensus in the international education field is that the essence of modern educational technology is to optimize the teaching process by using technical means (especially information technology means), so as to achieve the purpose of improving teaching effect, benefit and efficiency. The effect is reflected in the improvement of teaching quality of various subjects; The embodiment of benefit is to get more output with less capital investment (that is, to cultivate more outstanding talents); The embodiment of efficiency is to meet the requirements of teaching content and curriculum standards in less time.
The three goals pursued by modern educational technology are also the goals that leaders and principals at all levels always pay attention to. Ensuring the realization of these goals is the advantage of modern educational technology. But technology depends on people, and it depends on teachers to realize the above advantages of modern educational technology. This puts forward higher requirements for teacher education. For example, the Standards of Educational Technology Ability for Primary and Secondary School Teachers promulgated by the Ministry of Education in June 5438+February 2004 is to ensure that teachers have qualified professional skills in applying educational technology.
The core of the new curriculum reform of basic education is to cultivate students' innovative spirit, which requires teachers to change classroom teaching methods and behavior patterns. The application of educational technology is the most important means to change teachers' teaching methods and behavior patterns. In addition, the integration of information technology and the teaching of various disciplines is a necessary condition for the success of the new curriculum reform, and the theory and method about the integration of information technology and curriculum (that is, how to effectively integrate in the teaching of various disciplines) is the basic content of modern educational technology research. Therefore, it is urgent to attach importance to the development of teachers' educational technology ability and guide teachers to improve their ability to apply educational technology as soon as possible.
2 1 century has brought mankind an information society with highly developed material civilization, but also brought a series of serious social and ecological problems. Such as energy crisis, population pressure, food shortage, environmental pollution, ecological destruction, racial discrimination, sexual violence, drug abuse and so on. Are all global problems accompanying the process of industrial modernization. These problems have existed for a long time and are developing day by day. In fact, they have evolved into a global crisis that threatens human survival. Facing this crisis, considering the future social development, the solution proposed by the United Nations "International 2 1 Century Education Committee" is "the four pillars of education". The so-called "four pillars" refer to four basic learning abilities that can support modern people to work, study and live effectively in the information society and can effectively cope with the above crisis, namely, "learn to recognize, learn to do things, learn to coexist and learn to survive".
These four abilities are not equal, one of which is emphasized as the basis, that is, "learning to live together", and the other three abilities are indispensable basic factors for learning to live together. Learning to live together actually mainly refers to moral education, which requires cultivating students' noble moral spirit. The other three abilities, namely, learning to recognize, learning to do things and learning to survive, can be summarized by one ability, that is, "innovative ability", which shows that the essence of the four pillars is to cultivate a new generation with noble moral spirit and innovative ability.
In addition, the information society requires new talents to have higher information literacy. In order to cultivate a new generation with comprehensive cultural foundation (including information), innovative ability and noble moral spirit to meet the needs of the 2 1 century, modern educational technology is of vital significance. This is not only because the cultural foundation of the information society contains information knowledge and ability, and the cultivation of information knowledge and ability obviously depends on modern educational technology, but also because the deepening reform of teaching in various disciplines (whether universities, middle schools or primary schools) cannot be separated from the guidance of educational technology theory and the support of computer-based teaching environment. As mentioned above, the essence of the four pillars of education is to cultivate talents with innovative ability and noble moral spirit, and modern educational technology plays an important role in the realization of these two educational goals (cultivating innovative ability and noble morality), especially in the cultivation of innovative ability.
First of all, teachers should have a certain breadth and depth of knowledge. The development of science is developing in two directions: differentiation and synthesis. This development trend of science also requires teachers to master both extensive knowledge and profound knowledge. However, the pre-job training time in education is limited. Therefore, we should combine pre-job training with post-job continuous learning, constantly update our knowledge and improve our professional level and ability. As a teacher, no matter what major you teach, you need to improve your humanistic quality. Because humanities can help people know the world, themselves and their sense of responsibility to society, thus improving their cultural literacy, ideological sentiment and behavior. This accomplishment of teachers will exert a subtle influence on students.
Secondly, teachers need to improve their educational research ability and cooperation ability. The development of modern educational technology has brought many new problems that need to be studied, especially the psychological problems of students in the process of using educational technology. Teachers need to deeply study and analyze the problems in education. Moreover, "once the educational process is organized flexibly by technology, the closed state between teachers will no longer exist, and the phenomenon that one teacher teaches a course will also disappear." Modern educational technology, as a material link, connects every member of the teacher group. Only by mutual understanding and tacit cooperation can teachers better perform their duties.
Educational technology will be widely used in 2 1 century. The application of technical means in the teaching process will inevitably lead to revolutionary changes in the teaching field. The emergence of class teaching system in history has changed the individual teaching form of handicraft industry in the past and greatly improved the educational efficiency. However, whether it is individual teaching or collective teaching, it has not got rid of the situation that teachers talk and students listen. In this process, students' visual and auditory organs are not fully utilized, and their potential abilities are not fully exerted, thus affecting their understanding of the objective world. The application of educational technology in the teaching process has changed this situation. This change can be understood from the following aspects:
First, it changes the process of students' understanding of things in the teaching process.
The traditional teaching process consists of perceiving teaching materials, understanding teaching materials, consolidating knowledge and applying knowledge, while educational technology integrates perception, understanding, consolidating and applying. Educational technology is tangible and audio, which is not only intuitive, but also can guide students to directly uncover the essence and internal relations of things. Psychology tells us that the more sensory organs are used in the teaching process, the more fully they play their roles, and the easier it is to understand and consolidate what they have learned. Moreover, using educational technology, we can see many macroscopic and microscopic worlds and the movement laws of some things that are invisible to the naked eye, which is convenient for students to understand and master the essence of things and is conducive to the cultivation and development of students' thinking ability.
The second is to change some teaching principles.
The traditional teaching process emphasizes from near to far, from shallow to deep, from concrete to abstract. Educational technology has changed this order. It can put distant things in front of students, make complex things simple and make anti-abstract things concrete. It can enlarge time and space, and it can also narrow time and space. How to use things that are helpful for students to understand?
Third, the teaching content and teaching material form have been changed.
Through educational technology, many new scientific and technological contents that were difficult to understand in the past can be added to the teaching content to modernize the teaching content. The teaching material software compiled by educational technology integrates sound, image and text, which increases the artistic appeal of teaching materials.
Fourthly, the relationship among teachers, students and teaching materials has been changed.
Teachers, students and teaching materials are the three basic elements in the teaching process. They influence and interact with each other. Historically, various educational thoughts or schools have had different views on the combination of the three and their respective functions. One school advocates that the teaching process should be teacher-centered, while the other thinks that it should be student-centered. One school advocates taking systematic subject teaching materials as the center, while the other thinks taking students' experience as the center. The application of educational technology in the teaching process increases the basic elements of the teaching process to four elements. It has changed the previous arguments centered on teachers or students, or textbooks or experience, mobilized the initiative of teachers and students, and changed the inherent mode of curriculum teaching. Teachers have the function of changing from simply teaching knowledge to designing teaching materials, and students change from simply accepting knowledge to independent learning and discovery, which is conducive to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. In short, the emergence of educational technology in the teaching process can not be simply regarded as a problem of educational means and methods, but has a profound impact on the educational process, which will inevitably lead to a revolution in the teaching process. We should know enough about this.