Question 2: What is learning 1? It is one of the Book of Rites and a monograph of ancient Han laws and regulations.
Step 2 introduce
Xue Ji systematically and comprehensively summarizes the educational experience of the pre-Qin and Han nationalities. It is the earliest monograph on education and teaching in ancient China and even in the world. It is one of the ancient Han laws and regulations monographs "The Book of Rites of Dai Xiao" written at the end of the Warring States Period. Legend has it that it was compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty. According to Guo Moruo's textual research, the author is Ke, a student of Mencius. Xue Ji is concise and vivid, which systematically and comprehensively expounds the purpose and function of education, the system, principles and methods of education and teaching, the position and function of teachers, and the relationship between teachers and students and classmates in the process of education.
3. Historical position
Xue Ji is a valuable material for studying China's ancient educational thought and practice. The teaching principles, teaching principles and methods, and the idea of respecting teachers and attaching importance to Taoism put forward on the basis of summarizing the teaching experience of Confucianism in pre-Qin Dynasty have had a great impact on the development of pedagogy and psychology in China, and are one of the precious educational heritages in China and even in the world. Xue Ji is based on Da Xue and The Doctrine of the Mean.
Although the full text of "Xue Ji" is only 1229, it has made a high generalization and summary of the educational thought and practical experience in the pre-Qin period in China. It not only had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's ancient education history, but also still has important reference value, which deserves our serious study and reference.
Question 3: What is Xue Ji? It is also the first monograph in the history of education in the world. Xue Ji is one of The Book of Rites. Written in the late Warring States Period in the 3rd century BC. According to Guo Moruo, a historian, it was written by Ke, a student of Mencius, and it was a high summary of Confucian educational thought and teaching experience in the pre-Qin period. It is the earliest educational theory monograph with educational significance and complete system in the educational history of China and the world. Compared with the book The Education of Speakers written by quintilian, an ancient Roman educator in the first century A.D., it is considered as "one of the earliest works in the history of education" (1), which is more than 300 years earlier than the so-called "opening the way for education" educational works.
As the first monograph on educational theory in the world, Xue Ji's educational thoughts are extremely colorful. Education in past dynasties has been regarded as a discipline, (2) "The later priests should take this as the law", (3) or regarded as "the book of three generations of saints", (4) combined with today's educational theory, reflecting its immortal contribution to educational theory. Below I will analyze and interpret several main teaching principles involved in the article "Learning Records".
The so-called principle is the fundamental law or standard to follow when speaking or doing things. Teaching principle is the basic law and standard that should be followed in carrying out teaching activities, and it is the general principle to guide teaching work. (5) The teaching principles involved in the article Xue Ji mainly include:
First, the principle of learning from each other
"The Book of Learning" said: "It is difficult to learn after learning, but difficult after teaching. If you don't know enough, then you can reverse; Advance despite difficulties, and then strive for self-improvement. So: teaching and learning are also good. " (6) Xue Ji was the first person in the history of education to clearly put forward the proposition and principle of learning from each other, which was his outstanding contribution to teaching theory.
Teaching can be divided into original meaning and extended meaning. The original intention is only to teach this party to learn through teaching, which shows that the teacher's own learning is a kind of learning, and the process of teaching others is also a kind of learning, and he can find his own confusion through teaching. It is these two different learning forms that promote each other and make teachers make continuous progress. So, learn to quote Shangshu? Redemption of life says "learning is half done" (7) However, some people later extended it when commenting on "teaching and learning learn from each other", and regarded it as a process in which teachers and students promote each other and improve together through teaching. It is also regarded as an important teaching principle put forward by learning records. The principle of learning from teaching embodies the dialectics of teaching and learning. It is the most important teaching principle in ancient China, and the most precious spirit of our national education is "rare even in modern world educational works". (8) It still has a positive guiding role in our teaching activities today.
Second, the precautionary principle.
"Xue Ji" said: "Prohibit before you send it, and be far-sighted." The precautionary principle is put forward for university education. common
It is said that teachers educate students in two aspects: one is to impart knowledge and form good study habits; Or moral education, so that it can form excellent moral quality. Second, in the process of imparting knowledge and moral education, help students overcome bad study habits and correct bad moral quality. However, once bad study habits and bad moral qualities are formed or accumulated, they will be out of place and difficult to overcome and correct. As "Xue Ji" said: "If it is forbidden, it is invincible." . This requires teachers to do a good job of investigation, to understand students from all aspects, to prevent problems before they happen, and to try their best to prevent problems before they happen. Now, the precautionary principle has been widely adopted by all walks of life.
Thirdly, Xue Ji advocates timely teaching.
"Come as soon as you can", we should grasp the best learning opportunity, learn at the right time and teach at the right time. From the aspect of teachers' teaching, we should seize every opportunity to educate students, especially their existing learning desires and motivations. When they are open-minded to seek knowledge and solve doubts, teachers must seize this opportunity to teach in time, which seizes the opportunity to tell, as Mencius said, "when the rain melts"; From the aspects of students' learning: First, students receive education according to their age characteristics. It is the age and level of education that students should receive, and they should not miss the opportunity of teaching and learning. This is timely education. For example, Sun Xidan, a man from A Qing, explained, "When you enter primary school at the age of eight and enter university at the age of fifteen, it is called". (9) Otherwise, "it is difficult to study hard before". This has involved the age characteristics, psychological preparation, teaching content and order of middle school students in teaching, and it is required to find the best combination of various factors to make teaching obvious. In modern times, many educators have also studied this. They think that the best content of learning is different at different ages. If you miss it, you will follow ... >>
Question 4: When was Xue Ji written? Xue Ji is the earliest treatise on education and teaching in ancient China and even in the world.
It is a monograph "The Book of Rites" in ancient China, which was written at the end of the Warring States Period.
Legend has it that it was compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty. According to Guo Moruo's textual research, the author is Ke, a student of Mencius.
Question 5: Although Jia Yao is selected from What Is What, it is the first monograph in the history of education in China. Jia Yao is selected from Xue Ji, but it is one of The Book of Rites, and it is the first pedagogic monograph in the education history of China and even the world. This paper draws a point that needs to be clarified by analogy, pointing out that teaching and learning promote each other and complement each other, that is, "teaching and learning complement each other", telling us the truth of practical knowledge and the importance of work, study and practice, and the article shows that "teaching" and "learning" are closely related.
Question 6: Who is earlier, Xue Ji or University? Xue Ji is the earliest treatise on education and teaching in ancient China and even in the world. Understand?
Question 7: Was The Book of Learning written by Confucius? Xue Ji
The earliest educational monograph in China has a very strict system. One of them, The Book of Rites, was written at the end of the Warring States Period. The Book of Rites mainly records the Confucian comments on rites (including laws, regulations and rituals). ) Before Qin and Han Dynasties. Legends were passed down again and again by Confucius' disciples and were edited into books by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty. According to Guo Moruo's textual research, the author of Xue Ji is Mencius' student Ke. Xue Ji is concise and vivid, which systematically and comprehensively expounds the function, purpose and task of education, the system, principles and methods of education and teaching, the position and role of teachers, and the relationship between teachers and students and classmates in the process of education. Learning records advocate the combination of in-class and out-of-class, and the combination of textbook learning and practical training, which not only expands the knowledge, but also cultivates noble moral sentiments and good living habits. The book uses more space to expound the dialectical relationship between "teaching" and "learning". It is believed that only through the practice of "learning" can we see the gap in our own learning ("learning before learning is insufficient"), and only through the practice of "teaching" can we see the deficiency of our own knowledge and experience ("teaching before learning is difficult"). Seeing the gap, we can make progress, seeing poverty, we can spur ourselves, and thus draw the correct conclusion that "teaching and learning learn from each other". Learning notes attach importance to heuristic teaching and step-by-step teaching to stimulate students' intrinsic learning motivation and cultivate students' learning consciousness. Attach importance to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. It is argued that the basis of inspiration and induction is to understand the difficulty of students' learning and the beauty and evil of talent. It advocates the teaching order from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, and puts forward the positive educational principle, that is, to guide students to develop in a good way before their bad behavior occurs. It is also pointed out that students should learn from each other in the learning process. The Book of Learning endows teachers with lofty status. Put forward the concept of strict and respectful teachers. Xue Ji is a valuable material for studying China's ancient educational thought and practice. The teaching principles, teaching principles and methods, and the idea of respecting teachers and attaching importance to Taoism put forward on the basis of summarizing the teaching experience of Confucianism in pre-Qin Dynasty have had a great impact on the development of pedagogy and psychology in China, and are one of the precious educational heritages in China and even in the world.
Xue Ji
The earliest educational monograph in China has a very strict system. One of them, The Book of Rites, was written at the end of the Warring States Period. According to Guo Moruo's textual research, the author is Ke, a student of Mencius. Xue Ji is concise and vivid, which systematically and comprehensively expounds the function, purpose and task of education, the system, principles and methods of education and teaching, the position and role of teachers, and the relationship between teachers and students and classmates in the process of education. Learning records advocate the combination of in-class and out-of-class, and the combination of textbook learning and practical training, which not only expands the knowledge, but also cultivates noble moral sentiments and good living habits. The book uses more space to expound the dialectical relationship between "teaching" and "learning". It is believed that only through the practice of "learning" can we see the gap in our own learning ("learning before learning is insufficient"), and only through the practice of "teaching" can we see the deficiency of our own knowledge and experience ("teaching before learning is difficult"). Seeing the gap, we can make progress, seeing poverty, we can spur ourselves, and thus draw the correct conclusion that "teaching and learning learn from each other". Learning notes attach importance to heuristic teaching and step-by-step teaching to stimulate students' intrinsic learning motivation and cultivate students' learning consciousness. Attach importance to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. It is argued that the basis of inspiration and induction is to understand the difficulty of students' learning and the beauty and evil of talent. It advocates the teaching order from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, and puts forward the positive educational principle, that is, to guide students to develop in a good way before their bad behavior occurs. It is also pointed out that students should learn from each other in the learning process. The Book of Learning endows teachers with lofty status. Put forward the concept of strict and respectful teachers. Xue Ji is a valuable material for studying China's ancient educational thought and practice. The teaching principles, teaching principles and methods, and the idea of respecting teachers and attaching importance to Taoism put forward on the basis of summarizing the teaching experience of Confucianism in pre-Qin Dynasty have had a great impact on the development of pedagogy and psychology in China, and are one of the precious educational heritages in China and even in the world.
The educational thought of learning to remember;
1. Xue Ji's teaching principles
Follow the principle of ambition
Xue Ji also provides another teaching principle, that is, "follow the will". It believes that people who are good at singing let others continue their tone, while those who are good at teaching let others continue their ambitions. If the teacher's teaching can be concise, subtle and clear, people can understand his intentions, so that students can continue their ambitions ... >>
Question 8: How many articles are there in Xue Ji? There is only one article.
The Book of Learning is one of the first educational monographs in the educational history of China and even the world.
The full text of Xue Ji consists of 20 sections, 1229 words. Its length is short and pithy, its content is quite rich and incisive. It is a summary and generalization of China's pre-Qin educational thought and practice.
Question 9: What is the book to study? In an article, in the history of China? A systematic paper. Many of these views and understandings are of modern significance. For example, The Book of Learning is one of the Book of Rites. Zheng Xuan explained the title of the article in the Han Dynasty: "Those who write about Xue Ji should remember the meaning of learning and teaching."