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Does national self-defense mean that everyone is a soldier?
People's Republic of China (PRC)'s National Defense Law refers to popularizing national defense education, rather than mobilizing the broad masses to implement national defense in case of war.

Article 3 of the National Defense Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that national defense is the security guarantee for the survival and development of the country.

The state strengthens the construction of armed forces, strengthens national defense construction in major security fields such as border defense, coastal defense and air defense, develops national defense scientific research and production, popularizes national defense education for all, improves the national defense mobilization system, and realizes national defense modernization.

Outline of National Defense Education for All Article 2 National defense education for all adheres to the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, fully implements Scientific Outlook on Development, takes patriotism as the core, focuses on safeguarding national security, unity and development interests, promotes the coordinated development of national defense construction and economic construction, and creates a caring environment for national defense,

A strong atmosphere of supporting and building national defense, serving national defense and army building, and building a harmonious socialist society and a well-off society in an all-round way.

Article 3 The basic tasks of national defense education for the whole people are: popularizing national defense knowledge, training military skills, cultivating national defense reserve talents, stimulating patriotic enthusiasm, enhancing national defense concepts, enhancing national self-esteem, self-confidence, pride, cohesion and centripetal force, and improving citizens' consciousness of fulfilling national defense obligations.