Statistics from the National Cardiovascular Center show that there are as many as 65.438+0.6 billion people with hyperlipidemia in China.
The harm of hyperlipidemia can cause atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction and hemiplegia. If the blood lipid is too high for a long time, it may also induce hypertension, hyperglycemia, fatty liver, pancreatitis, fundus hemorrhage and other related diseases, and even block blood vessels in severe cases.
Etiology of hyperlipidemia
As we know, blood lipid refers to the lipid contained in plasma or serum, including cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and free fatty acid (FFA). Cholesterol is divided into cholesterol esters and free cholesterol, which are added to total cholesterol (TC).
Many times, the blood lipid level will be too high, which will eventually lead to hyperlipidemia.
Primary dyslipidemia is related to genetic factors and environmental factors, while secondary dyslipidemia is often related to diabetes, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction. In addition, it is also related to overweight and obesity, smoking and drinking, lack of exercise, side effects of drugs, age, gender, eating habits and so on.
"Four Harms" of Hyperlipidemia
1, a common hazard. When suffering from hyperlipidemia, it is prone to headache, dizziness, decreased vision, tightness in the heart and shortness of breath. Because the accumulation of fat on the blood vessel wall gradually increases, the blood gradually becomes viscous and the flow rate slows down, so it is impossible to provide oxygen to the brain, heart and other organs in time.
2, induce fatty liver, long-term hyperlipidemia will lead to liver damage, lead to liver lobule damage after hepatic atherosclerosis, and finally lead to fatty liver.
3, induce atherosclerosis, long-term high blood lipid accumulation is more and more, blood vessels are blocked, blood flow speed is slower and slower, and it is deposited on arterial endothelium through oxidative rancidity, leading to atherosclerosis in main blood vessels.
4, induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, long-term hyperlipidemia, blood viscosity and atherosclerosis, leading to brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung and other organs can not absorb blood and oxygen in time, leading to angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.
Daily treatment and preventive diet therapy
Make good use of statins and control blood lipid for treatment. Don't take drugs privately, but you must follow the doctor's advice and take drugs on time to reduce blood fat.
In daily life, we should control blood lipids from the following four aspects.
1. Control weight
Overweight or obese patients should control their weight and try to control their weight within a reasonable range. Reduce weight by 5%~ 10% and triglyceride by 20%. Try not to be overweight or obese.
Step 2 Exercise moderately
Regular exercise helps to lose weight and directly reduce blood lipids. The general advice is to do aerobic exercise for more than 30 minutes every day, five times a week. Including brisk walking, jogging, cycling and swimming, are all good results.
stop smoking and refrain from drinking
Excessive drinking will directly lead to the increase of triglycerides, so both men and women with hyperlipidemia need to give up drinking. Although smoking will not affect the blood lipid level, smoking will affect the overall risk of cardiovascular disease, so it is better to quit smoking for health reasons.
Reasonable diet
This is the most important thing, by controlling diet, limiting the intake of fat and carbohydrates in food.
It can reduce blood fat. It is generally suggested that patients with hyperlipidemia can eat more of these foods.
Eating more soy products, rich in lecithin, helps to lower cholesterol in the blood.
Drinking plenty of water is beneficial to reduce blood viscosity and keep blood circulation unobstructed in the body.
Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, which contain vitamin C and crude fiber, helps to lower blood lipids, prevent cholesterol absorption and reduce blood viscosity.
Eat more foods with lipid-lowering effects, including hawthorn, apples, pears, kiwis, oranges, onions, garlic, mushrooms, fungus, soybeans and related products.
refer to
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[3] Lu. Health education of hyperlipidemia [J]. Medical Information, 2009,22 (05): 764.
[4] Chen Desheng. Professor Hu Dayi, a famous doctor, talks about the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia caused by hypertriglyceridemia [J]. Longevity, 20 1 1, (1 1): 4-6.
, Zeng Biqiang,, Sue. Effects of vegetables, fruits and soybeans on blood lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia [J]. Journal of Nutrition, 2009,365,438+0 (05): 447-450+455.