Talking about courses
Dirty means clean, so a neat freak would rather not take a shower than borrow someone else's bathing equipment. The difference between filth and cleanliness is the difference between others and themselves. People who think they are clean always feel that others are dirty, even that they are dirty, and they feel better than clean people. They often stink of sweat and refuse to borrow other people's used toothbrushes and towels. Of course, unless you are willing to betray your lover, you will never be willing to show your friend a towel and toothbrush. In this way, we do not love cleanliness, but love ourselves. The idiom "lead an honest and clean life" contains profound psychological observation. To tell the truth, the difference between right and wrong, evil and righteousness in the world is sometimes just the difference between people and me, just like the filth of the body. Therefore, if you want to be a good person, you always say that everyone in the world is a bad person first; If you want to be a Taoist, you must first look straight and tell others how not to be a Taoist. Speaking of this place, we can't help but think of the female ghost's reply to the fox in the serial: "You said I'm not human, would you be human?"
I often wonder why so many people in the world volunteer to be voluntary teachers of mankind and publish articles every day to teach mankind. That kind of animal, a kind of "man-beast", can't be completely erased, and some people can even give up on themselves and get carried away. What surprises me even more is that there are so many people teaching human beings why they have not made progress. Of course, this seems to be saying that there are so many listed doctors in the world that there is no reason for human beings to have diseases. However, although doctors treat diseases, they also hope that people will get sick: they have prepared bitter medicine and offered a hot price; Saving one's life is saving one's own. The patient can't eat unless he takes medicine. Therefore, it is not surprising that there are mentors and friends, and human nature does not improve; Human nature cannot be improved, but someone is in charge of discipline, which is extremely intriguing. People can't regret it anyway. Lesson articles are popular all over the world. Although they are not practical, they are always needed. For example, if we are sick, we have to postpone seeing a doctor and taking medicine, although the disease may not be cured. If humans really learn well and don't need to take any more courses, wouldn't it be idle? Therefore, from the responsibility of life to the attitude of critics, I write articles in an open-air preaching way. Anyway, although the article is worthless, paper and ink don't cost money.
Middle age in life seems to be closely related to the lessons of Taoism. We can only see this interesting fact from the writer's observation. Many literati, in their forties, suddenly shouldered the burden of saving the world, cursing and correcting everything in front of them. Arnold, Ruskin, Maurice william morris, and the surviving Eliot ·t·s· Eliot and Murray ·j·m· Murray are all famous representatives of modern Britain. Even the dying beautiful Wilde is kind and talks about socialism. If we want to find examples, we can see them among our friends. Of course, this respectable purpose of transformation is extremely pure, to save the world and educate mankind, but the pure purpose may have complex motives. The cry of righteous words is sometimes a cover-up of the decline of literary creativity, sometimes a desperate anger at life, sometimes a temptation to change careers, and sometimes a jealousy of middle-aged people when they see others or teenagers. For example, middle-aged women, with poor beauty and makeup, naturally reduce communication, are willing to be serious housewives, and feel that young women's dresses are bizarre and disdainful. Ronan Jules Jia Ning said Balzac found a 40-year-old woman, Golombo. Men in their forties seem to have not been discovered yet. As holy as Confucius, I don't know much about the characteristics of middle-aged people; Therefore, "The Analects of Confucius Ji's Chapter" records the three commandments in life, only saying that teenagers are lewd, aggressive and old, but forgetting to say that middle age is a good lesson. Of course, some people like to preach from an early age, which just shows that they were born in middle age, and they should celebrate their 90th birthday or100th birthday when they live to 60.
There is a kind of people who only borrow money and don't pay it back, so there is a kind of people who only teach others Taoism, not what morality they have. It is said in ancient books that a "good man" can "endure the words of the world", and his opinions are inevitably shallow. A truly good man never refuses to be taught, but only allows him to teach others without asking for anything in return. This is the so-called "self-sacrifice spirit".
The change from artistic outlook on life to Taoist outlook on life can be said to be the emergence of a new period of life. But the beginning of each period is also the decline of another period. For example, in the eyes of professionals, breakfast is the beginning of today, and you can work when you are full; From the leisure class who played cards and danced all night, breakfast just ended last night and had a good sleep after eating. The generation of moral lessons may be the death of literary creation. I don't mean to praise or criticize here at all, because the value of lessons and creation depends on people. Some people's literary creation is basically preaching with masks, so it is better to talk about Taoism; On the other hand, some people's Taoism can be regarded as a kind of creation just like poetry, novels, rumors and lies.
Simple-minded people may say that teaching others is hypocritical because they have no morality. Our answer is: What's wrong with hypocrisy? The false way is more valuable than the true way. What's strange about teaching others when you have morality? You can teach people with virtue and without virtue, which is the only way to see the skill. Learned can teach, but knowledgeable; Teaching without learning is like doing business without capital, that is, art, and Taoism advocates morality, just like a store advertising its own inventory and flaunting itself is inevitable; Only when people who have absolutely no morality talk about Taoism can they see that there is no ego in the public, and they are happy and kind, which proves the greatness of morality. On the other hand, if a truly moral person advocates morality, he will gradually lose his original morality. Article 5 of Supprimees, written by La Rochefoucauld, the elder brother of La Roosevelt, says: "Taoists like Seneca ·S·n·que failed to reduce human sins by learning lessons; Just increase your pride by teaching others. " You think others are bad and need your lessons. You can't stop putting on airs. At first, you said that others lacked ideals. Gradually, you feel that you are the ideal person and force others to learn from you. You are proud of your talent, you will not lose your talent because of pride, you will be proud because of poverty, you will not become rich because of pride, but morality and pride cannot coexist. The great evil and cruelty in the world-there is no greater evil than cruelty-are mostly done by people with real moral ideals. People who have no morality commit crimes, and they know it is a crime; A truly moral person has done something that hurts others and thinks it is the price that morality should pay. God wants to punish mankind, sometimes for a famine, sometimes for a plague or a war, and sometimes for a moralist, with lofty ideals that ordinary people can't achieve, accompanied by self-confidence and incitement proportional to his ideals, and merged into unconscious pride. Christian philosophy regards pride as one of the seven deadly sins. Wang Yangming's Biography Volume III also said: "A serious illness in life is just a word of pride. I am proud when I have it. This is the root of all evil." Accordingly, Taoism can be regarded as the primary stage of evil. On the other hand, the promotion of morality by hypocrisy often turns falsehood into reality and habit into nature, which really improves the character a little. Flirting can become love, imitation, creation, and arty will develop expert appreciation. Many genuine products in the world are fake. Therefore, the false Tao can be said to be the learning period of the true Tao. However, whether it is true or not, one good deed deserves another. True Taoism may go to heaven after death, and false Taoism will go to the lecture hall before death. What a relief!
Therefore, people who are not worthy of teaching others had better teach; The more hypocritical you are, the more you should be attacked. The characteristics of hypocrisy can be said to be shameless and partial to face. According to the words that Prince Hamlet scolded his fiancee in Shakespeare's play, women wear makeup to save face, and you are shameless, but you have made yourself another one. Falsehood is also the art of beauty.
Writing here, I suddenly had a whim. Isn't this article a lesson Am I middle-aged, and am I halfway through my life? I can't get it back in black and white. Let's draw an easy conclusion.
: author
The reason why a scholar can be praised is that he is open-minded, knows how to make progress, takes no position and is uneasy about his duty. Really, literati sometimes look down on themselves than others; He only hates that he is a scholar, and he wastes words, energy, time and paper to prove his unwillingness and dissatisfaction with being a scholar. In this era, is this still a hero who knows the times?
The so-called literati, in principle, should refer to all those who contribute, write books and articles. But in fact, the application of the word literati is limited to authors such as poems, essays, novels and operas. The so-called "Jia", "useless literati" and "once learned, there is no enough view" of the ancients. As for experts in social science and natural science who are proficient in practical learning, although they also publish large articles magnificently, they never disdain to pretend to be useless literati-although they are not qualified as soldiers. Don't pretend to be a scholar, perhaps out of self-knowledge; Because what is written in black and white is not necessarily an article. Speaking of usefulness, there are probably two kinds. First of all, waste utilization, such as cow dung can be used as firewood, and bamboo sawdust, as Tao Kan said, is useful. The second category is daily necessities, such as toothbrushes and toilets. There is also Wang Zi who thinks bamboo can't live without this gentleman for a day. There are so many uses for things in the world that some scholars are still wearing useless emblems and sighing at bamboo heads, sawdust, toothbrushes and toilet bowls. Do you feel pity? For useful people, we might as well give them a name to distinguish them from literati. For example, call them "servants". The word "employing people" is the abbreviation of "useful people", which is better than the word literati. Such a concise and mixed term should not be exclusive to old ladies, little girls and taxi drivers. Moreover, this term has two advantages. First, it is full of the spirit of democracy and equality. The expert consultant and the page are on the same line with the same topic. Second, it does not violate the principle of China's total westernization: a president in the United States heard that he called himself a "national public servant", that is, a servant who was used by everyone; During the French Revolution, communist party people scrambled to call their servants "servant brothers". The president equals the monarch, and the pope equals the father. In Europe and America, they are all called jointly with employers, and China certainly followed suit.
It is not the news in today's newspaper that people have looked down on literati since ancient times. For example, there is literature that is not conducive to emperors in the Book of Emperor Gaozu, and the Biography of Lv Jia explains in Gaozu's own words: "Is it safe for the public to win the world at once?" Being straightforward and happy is the imperial edict of the founding emperor, and his famous words are wise. People who have opposed literature since ancient times have a thousand words. At the end of the day, just these two sentences. The two sentences in Ma Ju are more cordial and interesting to read during the Anti-Japanese War. Plato's "Republic" does not include poets and literati. How can you have such a dignified tone? Plato is full of poetry, and Emperor Gaozu once expressed poetic sentiment and recited Song of the Wind, but both of them still despised the lyrics, not to mention those vulgar primates. Gautier said in Les Grotesques, Theophile Gautier that wealthy businessmen often suffer from strange diseases, which are called "poetry phobia". The pathogen is this: the rich man occasionally opens his son's desk drawer and sees a pile of white paper full of words, which is neither bookkeeping nor accounting. The first word in each line is capitalized and the last word is not at the end. After careful study, he knew it was a poem, so he was so angry that his brain burst and his chest broke. He hates the misfortune of his family and is a pervert. At that time, the disease was not only strange in origin, but also contagious. Like cholera, it is popular in summer and cold in winter every year. As for the prescription, I heard that there is also one: burn all the poems of ancient and modern China and foreign countries and swallow them in ashes. According to the cloud, as long as you do the same thing, you will naturally be angry in your chest and become a thorn in your side. Moreover, from now on, you will be strong, politically enlightened and prosperous! As for the equally grand theory of contemporary celebrities, it has already been published in publications with large circulation, and everyone is familiar with it, so there is no need to repeat it.
Literature will be destroyed, and scholars may wish to reward it for not writing. Pope Pope speaks inarticulate in figures, and Bai Juyi is easy to understand. After all, such a hopeless congenital literati is a minority. As for ordinary literati, to tell the truth, they are not interested in literature and are not good at it. They are engaged in literature, just like the good women in old novels are prostitutes. It is said that they are helpless because they are not very successful. As long as they have the opportunity to jump out of the fire pit, these talented people will abandon their books and do good. Literature is an unlucky career, the most unproductive, close to hunger and cold, accompanied by illness. We only heard that there was a beggar; There have never been such names as Gary, Gong Gai, Fa Gai and Shang Gai. The most stupid person will never write any poems or novels unless there is no way out. Therefore, not only do others despise literature and writers, but writers themselves are full of self-pity and completely lack faith and love for literature. For example, Yang Xiong, a full-fledged scholar, said in "The Eye of Law": "Carving insects and engraving, forcing a husband not to do it." It can be seen that he would rather be a strong man than a scholar. So we see a special phenomenon: all scholars are dignified and swaggering, and they have extremely strong beliefs about their subjects; It's just that the literati became pregnant with ghosts, lost their smiling faces and felt endless shame. Even if they occasionally brag about "national tragedy literature" and "propaganda weapons", they are like drums soaked in water. Goethe's poems were reviled because he complained with quotations that he was not a sergeant and had never been to the front line, so how could he sit in his study and shout and make war songs? In the situation of being good at creating heroes, a few scholars can talk about strategies, make political comments and make suggestions, or consider themselves mentors and give suggestions to the people. So many versatile people should not be buried in literature. As long as they have the opportunity to change, they can immediately abandon their literature and art and stop doing business.
Shelley said that scholars are "legislators of mankind" in the defense of poetry, and Carlyle said that scholars are "heroes" in the theory of hero worship. Those literati with special materials just want to be heroes, legislators or others. He calls himself a hero or a legislator, and he cannot help exaggerating; If you want to be a legislator and a hero, you are ambitious. People who are eager for progress should be rewarded. Aspiring to make progress shows dissatisfaction and shame with the reality. Knowing shame is almost brave. Courage should be encouraged, not to mention in this period?
To sum up, destroy literature and reward literati-reward them for not being literati and not engaging in literature.
: joking
Since the promotion of humorous literature, selling jokes has become a career of literati. Of course, humor is vented through laughter, but laughter does not necessarily represent humor. Liu Yang Guang's Miscellaneous Notes says, "Donkeys cry and laugh." Horses are not famous for their humor. Maybe their faces are too long. To tell the truth, most people's laughter is only equivalent to A?vagho?a's rustling, and it can't be full of humor.
Distinguish humor as if Aristotle were the first. He said in Zoology: "Man is the only animal that can laugh." There is a sonnet in Laughter and Death written by W·s· Brown, a modern wonder, which briefly states that nature, like birds and animals, is full of emotions and fears. Except for humorous laughter, everything is made into appropriate sounds. However, if laughter is to show humor, it can only be regarded as waste or luxury, because not all human beings need to laugh. The sound of animals is enough to express the feelings of ordinary people. Anger makes lions roar, sorrow makes apes crow, and fighting makes frogs noisy. Meeting an enemy is like a dog barking, and meeting a lover is like asking a woman to cooperate. How many people really have humor and need to laugh to show it? However, the creator has distributed the ability of laughter to all mankind fairly. He can put it on his face and in his throat. It would be a pity not to use this skill. Therefore, ordinary people laugh not because of humor, but to cover up their own humor. The original intention of laughing gradually lost; What was originally humorous has gradually become a cover for poor humor. So you see the dull smile of fools, the funny smile of blind people-and popular humorous literature.
Laughter is the fastest flowing expression, which extends from the eyes to the edge of quarrel. Dong Fangshuo's "The Wonders of Dongye" contains Dong's "Missing in the Pot" and "Laughing in Heaven". Zhang Hua noticed that the smile in the sky was lightning, which was really a wonderful imagination. According to the "memory" of the Dutch lady Lady Holland, Sidney Smith once said: "Lightning is the wit of heaven." Laughter can really be said to be lightning on a person's face, eyes suddenly brighten, and teeth shine between lips and kisses. We can't resist lightning to replace the hanging sun and moon, so we can't turn laughter into a fixed and collective expression. The humor produced by advocacy must be man-made humor. This mechanized smile, like the teeth of a skeleton, is not a smart gesture of the living. Bergson's "On Laughter", Le Lille said that all the ridiculousness began with the flexible things becoming rigid and the vivid manners becoming mechanical Lem canique plaque sur Le vivant. Therefore, the monotonous words and actions that came back provoked laughter, like stuttering, like oral idioms, like children deliberately imitating adults. Old men are often more ridiculous than young people, just because old men are not as active as young people, just a series of rigid habits. Humor can't be advocated, that's why. Once advocated, what is revealed naturally becomes imitation, and what is changed casually becomes rigid. This kind of humor itself is the material of humor, and this kind of smile itself is ridiculous. A person with a real sense of humor has a different understanding. A person laughs happily and coldly, taking a breath for a boring life. Maybe hundreds of years later, thousands of miles away, there will be another person who will never betray his heart and smile at each other across the river bank of time and space. If a large group of people, laughing and relaxing their voices, make an appointment and laugh in droves, it can only be regarded as a series of funny meetings in the amusement park. The promotion of domestic products has even joined the anti-counterfeiting, not to mention humor can not be mass-produced. Therefore, after the promotion of humor, there were no humorous writers, but countless small faces with pen and ink were added. Hanging up the humorous signboard, Xiaohua's worth certainly increased greatly, leaving the theater and mixing in the literary and art circles; On the other hand, after pretending to be a little face, the humorous character is reduced, and more than half of literature and art can only be regarded as "entertainment". Small face also makes us laugh, not bad! But he is completely different from a truly humorous person. A truly humorous person can laugh, so we laugh with him. It's funny to pretend to be humorous, and we smile at him. Small face makes us laugh, not because he has humor, but because we have humor ourselves.
Therefore, humor is a temper at most, and it can never be labeled as an opinion, let alone a profession. Let's not forget that humor in Latin means flowing; In other words, humor is made of water, just like women in Jia Baoyu's mind. Think of humor as a habit or a life-long rice bowl, that is, liquid condenses into solid, and biology is the specimen. Truly humorous people, if they want to laugh for a living, their works are not very good. For example, Mark Twain: Since the end of the 18th century, Germans like humor, but the more they talk about it, the more irrelevant it becomes. Just because Germans are a sausage-making people, they mistakenly think that humor, like minced meat, can be packaged into ready-made spiritual food. Humor reduces the seriousness of life and never takes oneself seriously. True humor can laugh at itself. It is not only a humorous outlook on life, but also a humorous outlook on humor itself. Advocating humor as a slogan and standard is lack of humor; This is not humor, this is serious propaganda humor, and the face is persuaded to laugh. We are reminded of A?vagho?a Sasha Vujacic again! It sounds like a smile, but there is no smile on the horse's face, and it is still long, like a friend who died after the memorial service and an advanced master on the podium.
Generally speaking, there are two motives for pretending something. Or out of respect, such as vulgar things respect art, they collect bones, which is arty. Or out of exploitation, such as the attempt of bad people, they pretend to be gentlemen with religious morality. Humor is borrowed. I can't think of these two reasons. However, fakes can't be true after all. In western idioms, people who laugh loudly are called "silver smiles". False humor is like counterfeit money mixed with lead, which makes a dull sound and can only be regarded as a lead smile. But "silver smile" may be selling laughter for profit, and there is silver in the smile, just like saying that "the book has its own golden house"; Gu Bei said, for the reference of lexicographers.