[Keywords:] SWOT analysis; Advantages; Disadvantages; Opportunity; threaten
doi : 10。 3969 / j . issn。 1673 - 0 194 .20 12 . 16.066
【 China Library Classification Number 】 G7 10 【 Document Identification Number 】 A 【 Document Contribution Number 】1673-0194 (2012)16-0104.
SWOT analysis is a strategic analysis tool proposed by Professor H. Weihrich of the University of San Francisco in the early 1980s. S refers to the advantages inside the organization, W refers to the disadvantages inside the organization, O refers to the opportunities outside the organization, and T refers to the threats outside the organization. Here, the advantages and disadvantages within the organization are relative to competitors, and the opportunities and threats of the external environment of the organization refer to the factors that are favorable or unfavorable to the organization. Systematic analysis and evaluation with SWOT method is helpful to choose the best development strategy of the organization.
The Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020) puts forward the strategic goal of building a modern vocational education system, which provides a rare historical opportunity for the reform and development of higher vocational education and also puts forward the requirements of the times for the reform and development of vocational education. Through SWOT analysis, China's higher vocational education can comprehensively evaluate and analyze its own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and draw conclusions, so as to adjust the resources of higher vocational colleges and the development strategy of higher vocational education and realize the goal of healthy and rapid development of higher vocational education.
1 Recognize the development status of higher vocational education through SWOT analysis.
1. 1 Advantages of Higher Vocational Education
After years of practice in running schools, China's vocational education system has basically taken shape and the scale of running schools has been expanding. Higher vocational colleges have gradually accumulated considerable teaching equipment, resources and experience in running schools, which have trained all kinds of urgently needed talents for the society and also created a large number of backbone teachers necessary for the development of higher vocational colleges. Regionalization of higher vocational education can not only closely combine specialty setting with local regional economic development and serve regional economic development, but also attract local students by taking advantage of its geographical location. The specialty setting of higher vocational colleges is more suitable for the needs of industries or communities and reflects local industries. The curriculum is mostly close to economy, post and life, and the teaching content and specialized courses are flexible, which can be adjusted according to the needs of professional posts and market changes, and the practicability is very obvious. At the same time, higher vocational education pays more attention to the cultivation of students' practical skills than ordinary higher education, and the combination of theory and practice has a large proportion, which is a special advantage that other education does not have. In the process of development, higher vocational education constantly draws lessons from the advanced experience of international vocational education, enhances its own development ability, and develops rapidly through continuous improvement.
1.2 "disadvantages" of higher vocational education
Compared with ordinary higher education, China's higher vocational education has a short development time, weak strength and poor overall image. Lacking rich experience in running a school and profound historical accumulation, it is far inferior to undergraduate colleges in teaching facilities, professional advantages, teachers, management mechanism, experimental training base and learning and living environment. At the same time, the management system of higher vocational education is not smooth and the operation mechanism is not flexible, which has caused the lack of multi-head management and overall planning of higher vocational education to some extent. The cooperation between colleges and enterprises in higher vocational colleges is not deep enough, enterprises rarely get involved in the process of running higher vocational schools, higher vocational colleges are insensitive to market reaction, teaching content and teaching methods are conservative and backward, and the phenomenon of disconnection between theory and practice is widespread, which directly leads to the lack of sufficient understanding of enterprise talent demand, employment quality and skill demand, and it is difficult for higher vocational colleges to cultivate talents with strong operational skills that meet the needs of enterprises. At the same time, higher vocational colleges have a simple and one-sided understanding of the principle of "technical application" in the definition of higher vocational education and the "necessity and sufficiency" in theory. The academic nature of teaching and scientific research is not strong, the structure of teachers is unreasonable, the proportion of teachers with high academic qualifications and titles is low, they lack practical experience, the cultivation of students' practical skills is not enough, and they lack ideological morality, aesthetics, innovation and innovation ability.
1.3 "Opportunity" for the development of higher vocational education
The practice of industrialized countries, especially developed countries, shows that the more economic development and social progress, the more high-quality vocational education and high-quality skilled talents are needed. Germany, Switzerland and other countries enhance and maintain the international competitiveness of their industries, enterprises and products on the basis of high-quality skilled talents and high-quality vocational education. At present, China is accelerating the development of high-tech industries and promoting the upgrading of industrial structure. In terms of talent demand, in addition to R&D talents, a large number of applied technical talents who master various technical principles and are familiar with production practice are needed. For a long time, China's higher education has been in the stage of "elite education", and practical technical talents are scarce. Therefore, China's economic development has met the severe challenge of the shortage of applied talents, and many enterprises' concept of talent use is gradually changing, tending to be rational and pragmatic. The cultivation of talents in higher vocational education technology just meets the demand for applied talents in the front line of production, management and service. At the same time, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the development of vocational education, and the educational development policy guidance under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development was very beneficial to the development of vocational education. In the education revitalization action plan for the 2 1 century, the state proposed that "the increment of enrollment plan will be mainly used for the local development of higher vocational education", which shows that higher vocational education will be the main force for the popularization of higher education. Coupled with the attention and support of local governments and all walks of life, all walks of life pay more and more attention to cooperation with higher vocational colleges and support the development of higher vocational education by donating and providing training places.
1.4 "threat" to the development of higher vocational education
Although the country regards higher vocational education as a part of the higher education structure and has the same status as ordinary higher education, people always think that vocational education is not higher education, and it is a last resort to accept higher vocational education. The government's investment in vocational education is still insufficient, and it is difficult for the educated to bear the relatively high cost of vocational education. The employment access system and the vocational qualification certificate system are not perfect, and there is no formal method for the examination and determination of vocational qualification certificates, which leads to the failure to implement this work. Although the development of social economy calls for highly skilled talents, in the current period of economic transformation in China, the development of a considerable number of enterprises is still based on the low cost generated by low-quality workers. This distorted market demand orientation may lead to the misunderstanding of higher vocational education, ignoring the quality of personnel training, blindly expanding enrollment, and then a large number of low-quality graduates are dumped on the market. This will only make the social reputation of higher vocational education decline, the number of students decrease and the quality of students decrease, which will make higher vocational education in trouble.
2. Development strategy of higher vocational education during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period