His family has been an official for generations. Father Guo Hong has studied Little Trudeau.
Kou Xun, the satrap, asked Guo Hong to sentence Cao Xun to close the case in 30 years and enforce the law fairly. Those convicted by Guo Hong have no resentment when they go back.
Guo Hong lived to be 95 and died. When Guo Gong was young, he followed in his father's footsteps and taught law. There are often hundreds of students.
Later, he became a county magistrate and was recruited by the government. In the middle of Yongping, Dou Gu, a captain in the car, attacked Xiongnu, and Qin Peng, a captain in the car, was his lieutenant.
Qin Peng stationed troops in different places, and sometimes killed people according to law without asking. Dou Gu said that Emperor Qin Peng was authoritarian and killed people without authorization, and asked for permission from Qin Peng. Xianzong then asked officials and courtiers to judge Qin Peng's crimes.
Guo Gong was summoned to participate in the trial because he was familiar with the law. Everyone thought that Dou Gu's final performance was right, but Guo Gong said, "From a legal point of view, Qin Peng should kill those people."
The emperor said, "When the army goes out, a captain must obey the general. Since Qin Peng doesn't have an axe, how can he specifically kill people? " Guo Gong replied: "A captain must obey the general, that is, a captain and the general are stationed together. Now Qin Peng leads another army stationed elsewhere. The situation is different and the military situation is changing rapidly. Sometimes it's not allowed to notify the general before dealing with it.
Besides, according to the Han system, halberd is an axe, and it is illegal to sentence Qin Peng to death. "The emperor listened to Guo Gong's opinion.
In another case, two brothers killed someone together, but the crime has not been clarified. The emperor thought that his brother had not done his duty to educate his younger brother, so he sentenced his brother to heavy punishment and exempted his younger brother from death.
Often serve sun to read the imperial edict, mistakenly saying that both of them were sentenced to heavy sentences. In history, the emperor said that Sun Chuansheng's decree was untrue and the crime should be halved. The emperor summoned Guo Gong and asked his opinion. Guo Gong replied, "Sun Zhang should be fined."
The emperor said, "How can Sun Zhang be fined for killing people with fake letters?" Guo Gong said: "There is a difference between intentional crime and negligent crime in law. It is wrong for Sun Zhang to convey the imperial edict, and the legal punishment for those who do something wrong should be lighter. " The emperor said, "Good."
Later, he was promoted three times, and Yuan He was appointed as Tingwei for three years. The Guo family has been in charge of the law for generations, striving for tolerance and fairness. As a judge, most of them like sympathy and forgiveness, so they wrote a letter to the emperor, revised more than 40 provisions that can be given a lighter punishment if the sentence is too heavy, and all of them were implemented and written into legal documents.
In the first year of Zhanghe, the prisoners before April 3rd were commuted to death without flogging and sent to Jincheng. However, Amnesty does not include those fugitives who have not been captured. Guo Gong played on the emperor and said, "Because the emperor attached great importance to human life, he granted the sentence of death penalty to guard the border.
At present, the total number of fugitives who have committed capital crimes is not less than 10000. Since the Amnesty, many fugitives have been arrested, but these people did not participate in the Amnesty, and they were all convicted of felony. Personally, I think that the emperor's kindness should be mighty and generous, but now all the people sentenced to death have been reborn, but the arrested fugitives have not enjoyed the emperor's kindness.
I think criminals who committed capital crimes before Amnesty and were arrested after Amnesty should be sent to Jincheng without whipping, which can not only save lives, but also help the border defense. "Su Zong thought it was right to do so, so he wrote a letter to forgive those fugitives who were caught back and put to death.
Please translate the classical Chinese ~ 1. Translation of articles:
Once upon a time, there was a county magistrate who couldn't get a verdict on a murder case, and the number of people involved was increasing every day, so he went to the Chenghuang Temple to find a dream. He dreamed that a god brought a ghost. The ghost has a porcelain cup on his head, and there are more than ten bamboo plants in the cup. Bamboo is green and attractive. (County magistrate) checked after waking up, and there was a suspect named Zhu in the case. The sound of "bamboo" and "Zhu" is the same, and (the magistrate thinks) the dream refers to this suspect. I tried my best to track down the suspect, but I couldn't find any clues about his crime. Once again, a suspect with a knot in his name appeared. The county magistrate said to himself, "If there is a knot in bamboo, it must be this doubt." I tried my best to track down the suspect, but I couldn't find any clues about his crime. In this way, the two suspects saved the day. The county magistrate no longer intended to solve the case, so he reported the case as a mystery and asked others to search for the murderer, but in the end he did not find the murderer.
Second,
1, I: (previously) decided: (judged)
Capture: (search) pawn: (end)
2. (The county magistrate) checked after waking up, and there was a suspect named Zhu in the case. The sound of "bamboo" and "Zhu" is the same, and (the magistrate thinks) the dream refers to this suspect.
3, c, ramble
3. Fu Jian, the Qin Shizu, came back from Hedong and appointed the general as the suggestion, while Wang Meng, a civil servant in Xianyang, was the secretariat and led Jing.
Dr. Guanglu, the younger brother of the Empress Dowager (that is, my cousin Fu Jian's biological mother, Fu Jian's aunt), is strong in virtue, addicted to alcohol, bullying and plundering people's property and children, which is the people's worry.
Wang Meng personally arrested Qiang De, and before reporting to Fu Jian, Qiang De was executed on the spot in the street.
It's too late for Fu Jian to send someone to pardon Qiang De.
Wang Meng and Deng Qiang share common interests. They enumerated the evil forces of criminals and demanded the truth from them. Over the past month or so, the imperial court was shocked by more than 20 powerful people, nobles, powerful people, murderers and dismissed officials. Cunning villains dare not breathe loudly, and no one takes what others have left on the road. Fu Jian lamented: "I didn't know there were laws in the world until now."
4. The classical Chinese translation of "One Money to Cut the Official" Luo Dajing was selected from He Lu.
original text
Zhang Guaiya was ordered to worship his grandson, and an official left the library, depending on the money under his sideburns towel, and Zhang Wei's money was the money in the treasury. Shanya lit a stick, and the official was furious and said, "Why don't I use He Zudao for a dollar as a stick? You can stab me, but you can't cut me! " Strange Cliff Aid (3) wrote a sentence: "One yuan a day, a thousand yuan a day, the rope breaks according to the wood, and the dripping water wears the stone!" Since the battle (4) when the sword was cut, the government of Taiwan Province was disintegrated. Chongyang people have been passed down to this day. Since the Five Dynasties, the commander-in-chief, Ling ⑦, has been a general and non-commissioned officer, and the residual wind has not been removed. Lovely cliff this move, not for a sum of money, its meaning is deep, its matter is big.
translate
Zhang Guaiya works as a local official in Chongyang. A shopkeeper came out of the warehouse. When Zhang Guai saw a banknote hidden under his sideburns, he asked him: When he found that the money was taken out of the warehouse, Zhang Guai ordered his subordinates to punish him with a stick. The shopkeeper quibbled, "How can you hit me with a stick for a penny?" ? Even if you can hit me with a stick, you can't kill me. Zhang Guaiya began to judge: "Steal a dollar a day, steal a dollar a thousand days." After a long time, the rope can cut the wood and water can drip from the stone. "He walked down the steps alone and cut off the head of the library staff with his sword. Then go to the government to explain in detail the crimes that have been exposed. Chongyang people are still praising this matter. Since the Five Dynasties, the soldiers here have violated the generals and commanders, and the petty officials here have bullied the officers. The remaining bad atmosphere has not been eliminated. Zhang Guaiya's move is not only for a sum of money, but also has far-reaching and great significance.
5. The crime of delaying the past is translated into the original sentence in classical Chinese.
Mitigate past crimes.
translate
Relax the heavy punishment for prisoners and reduce the guilt of the arrested criminals.
To annotate ...
1, slow: wide and slow.
2. Deep: refers to aggravated punishment.
3. So it refers to the crime of intentionally falling.
Original and translation of appendix
original text
When Xiao Wu ascended the throne, Siyi's diplomatic achievements turned a deaf ear, and the number of complaints was boring. Poor people consume, and poor people break the law. The cruel officials break it, and the treacherous track is invincible. So they recruited Zhang Tang and Zhao Yu, made laws and regulations, and made laws to know the former dynasty and supervise the Ministry of Industry, so as to alleviate the crime of the former dynasty and rush out of the punishment. Later, a cunning and ingenious method was used. In contrast, impregnation was forbidden. There are 409 articles in 359 chapters of laws and regulations, 1882, and more than 33,472 death sentences. Documents are mostly a few pavilions, and the classics are incomplete. Refuted by users in this county, or different crimes for the same crime. A traitor is a city because of karma. If he wants to live, he will discuss it. If he wants to fall, he will be given a death ratio. People who discuss it will get hurt. (History of Chinese Criminal Law)
translate
When Emperor Xiaowu ascended the throne, he devoted himself to (capturing) the minority nationalities in the four directions, vigorously developed pleasing to the eye and five-tone hobbies in China, and was bored with conscription (military service and corvee). People are consumed by poverty, desperate people break the law, the number of brutal officials is arbitrary, and the number of illegal rebellions is endless. So they promoted Zhang Tang, Zhao Yu and other cruel officials and sent them out. The competent department of criminals, the superior competent officials and the supervisory officials should all sit together by decree, relax the heavier punishment for prisoners and the responsibility of those caught committing crimes, and increase the punishment for those who are acquitted. Since then, treacherous and cunning people have played tricks on laws and regulations, and various cases have turned around, and the prohibition of alcohol has become more severe. There are 359 chapters and 409 death sentences in laws and decrees, 1 882 cases and13,472 cases of capital crimes. The legal provisions and files are piled up on a shelf, and the person in charge can't read them all. Therefore, the (very) chaotic policies adopted by counties and countries sometimes lead to different convictions for the same crime. Officials who bend the law for personal gain take the opportunity to conduct fraudulent transactions. If they want (people) to live, they will attach clauses other than the death penalty to the laws and regulations, and if they want (people) to die, they will attach the death penalty to the laws and regulations. Critics all feel sad and unfair about this.
To annotate ...
1, filial piety: that is, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
2, the number of troubles: frequent; Complicated.
3. Poverty and consumption: poverty and emptiness.
4. Poor people: originally refers to people who are widowed, widowed, lonely and lonely. The latter refers to the poor.
5. off: arbitrary; Decide.
6, treachery: also known as "rape" and "rape". Refers to people who break the law and make trouble.
7. Recruitment: recruitment and introduction.
8. Zhang Tang and Zhao Yu: Both are brutal officials. See Biography of Zhang Tang and Biography of Cooler in this book for details.
9. Article:
10, Law on Guarding Criminals: Anyone who knows a criminal but fails to report it is regarded as deliberately conniving at the crime, and the competent authorities, superior officials and supervisory officials of the criminal must sit together.
1 1. Reducing the crime of deep capital punishment: reducing the responsibility of those who commit crimes by increasing the punishment of prisoners. Slow, wide and slow. Deep means aggravated punishment. So: it means deliberately falling into ten thousand sins.
12, punishment for rushing out: increase punishment for those who are undoubtedly released. It's urgent and irritating. Vertical discharge: release criminals.
13, Cunning: Cunning people.
14. Clever methods: playing with the law and cheating. (6) Turn to compare situations: compare words with various situations.
15, prohibition: refers to the prohibition of alcohol in Wang Ru, Zhang Bu. Wang handed over the net.
16, impregnation: more rigorous. Immersion, more; The more.
17, First of all: one of the five ancient punishments, called the death penalty.
18, matter: refers to the case.
19. proportion of judgment: the judgment of a case is not based on explicit legal provisions, and it can take effect with the approval of the emperor. The compilation of this case can be used as the basis for future judgment. Death penalty ratio: a compilation of death penalty cases.
20. Documents: here generally refer to legal provisions and court files.
2 1, several pavilions: also called "several pavilions". Cabinet rack.
22. Code name: person in charge. Code, hosting; Supervisor.
23. Inheritance: inheritance and utilization.
24. Refutation: It's a mess.
25. On differences: different beliefs. On, conviction; Be found guilty.
26. Traitor: an official who misinterprets the law for personal benefit.
27. Karma: Seize the opportunity.
28. Market-making: Trading refers to corruption.
29, Fu: Tong "attached", than attached.
30. Claim: refers to the provisions in the law except capital crime.
3 1, grievance: I am sad for this.