First of all, the content of family education guidance embodies the kindergarten-oriented.
Our garden is a model kindergarten with characteristics of science and technology education, and is striving for a model kindergarten in Shanghai. According to the development orientation of kindergartens, our garden publicizes the concept of quality education to parents through various channels, and publicizes modern views on children, education and talents, so that parents can understand the general laws, characteristics and individual differences of children's physical and mental development at different ages; At the same time, combined with the characteristic education of science and technology, parents can be guided to understand the purpose, function and content of early childhood science and technology enlightenment education. On this basis, through practical operation, parents can try some effective methods and measures for children's science and technology education in family education, so as to help parents establish a correct concept of children's science and technology enlightenment education and initially improve their guiding ability. Through a series of guidance, parents are helped to update their concept of educating children, establish a correct concept of educating children, improve their ability to educate children, optimize the family education environment, and promote the establishment of a learning family in kindergartens.
According to the characteristics of family education of children of different ages and the problems that are easy to appear, our park determines the key guidance content. For example, according to the age characteristics of small class children, carry out guidance on cultivating good living and health habits; According to the age characteristics of middle school students, guide and cultivate children's good communication, gregarious and behavioral habits; According to the age characteristics of children in large classes, guidance is given in training, consultation and cooperation, and children's connection. And combined with the seasonal characteristics to carry out health care, mental health, safety education guidance, in view of the interactive exchange needs of kindergarten homes to carry out home information guidance. These guiding contents are not only close to the reality of family life, but also adapt to the characteristics and requirements of different parents, which relieves parents' confusion in family education practice, helps parents overcome the tendency of "emphasizing education over education, emphasizing wisdom over morality, emphasizing physical health over mental health" and improves their guiding ability.
Second, there are various forms of family education guidance.
In the process of family education guidance, we change the traditional single, closed and indoctrinating guidance mode, actively try to carry out diversified, open and interactive family education guidance, guide parents to participate together and give full play to their main role. We mainly provide guidance through the combination of collective guidance and personalized guidance. Collective guidance methods include: family Committee activities, parent-teacher conferences, various lectures, family windows, publicity columns, kindergarten homepages, class homepages and forums, family tabloids, parent-child activities, parents coming to the park to participate in teaching activities, and activities open to parents. , and the friends of early childhood education will guide the family education based on kindergarten. Personalized guidance methods include: e-mail, children's growth files, telephone contact, home visits, parent teaching assistants, etc. Especially on the basis of improving the class homepage, we should pay attention to the interaction and guidance between the class forum and parents.
Such as online communication. According to the development of society, the progress of science and technology, and the fact that many children in kindergarten are picked up by grandparents and the needs of parents, our garden has set up a breakthrough form of family communication-using the network to communicate, which is also one of the effective means to implement science and technology education in our garden. The forms of network communication in our park include home email, home page, class home page, class forum, etc. With the joint maintenance of the network administrator and all the teachers, the homepage of our park and the homepage of classes are rich in content, which embodies the characteristics of science and technology education in our park and the individualization of classes. The class forum is even more popular, and teachers publish some children's performances in the park in time through forums or words or images; Parents also give timely feedback through the forum, express their views and talk about their children's performance at home. In the forum, teachers and parents have emotional communication and ideological collision, which effectively promotes the interaction between family and children. With the active participation of parents, our home page ranked second in Shanghai preschool education online and was rated as "Shanghai Excellent Home Page".
Carrying out scientific and technological parent-child activities has become an effective form of family education guidance in our park. Children's science and technology parent-child activities, which are relaxed, enjoyable and entertaining, are welcomed by children and parents. According to the needs of parents and children, our park actively organizes various scientific and technological parent-child activities. "Holding hands with big hands, turning waste into treasure" has always been a traditional science and technology parent-child activity in our park. With the joint creation of big hands and small hands, creative works are displayed in front of our eyes, which not only cultivates children's creativity, hands-on operation ability and environmental awareness, but also enhances the affection between parents and children. For example, the activity of "Parent-child Design Chess Manual" is in full swing, which reflects the creation, cooperation and success of parents and children from a novel and creative chess manual. Subsequently, we promoted the chess score according to the children's age characteristics. The "Chess Book Sharing Salon" for parents in middle class and the "Chess Fun Sharing Week" for children in big class provide opportunities for children and parents to communicate and share, so that they can further experience the fun of playing chess and share happiness. Through parent-child activities, children have gained some primary scientific knowledge and experience, scientific methods and abilities, which further stimulated their interest in exploring the mysteries of the world around them.
According to the needs of the theme and the needs of parents and children, each class has also adopted various forms of scientific and technological parent-child activities such as "I grew up with my brother-in-law", "Playing with my grandparents", "Celebrating a festival for my mother", "Welcoming the Spring Festival" and "Games my parents played as children". Using community resources, fun activities for parents and children such as "Central Park", "Fangta Park", "Seeing Songjiang" and "Changzhou Dinosaur Park" were carried out. According to the class theme, we need to carry out productive parent-child activities such as "Beautiful Songjiang", "The car is on the road" and "I love my family". Through parent-child activities in science and technology, children get various experiences, get emotional satisfaction, experience the happiness of life, and parents' guiding ability in activities is also improved.
In short, in today's harmonious society, we will further rely on family and community to share resources, carry out targeted family education guidance, realize home education, realize the localization and characteristics of kindergarten parents' work, and create a learning family in kindergarten, thus promoting the synchronous development of teachers, children and parents and promoting the connotation development of kindergarten.
What are the contents and forms of family education guidance? 2 1. Help children take the first step to school.
After entering primary school, most children are faced with specific difficulties such as great learning pressure, fast pace of life, strict discipline and difficulty in getting along with new teachers and classmates, which makes them particularly attached to kindergarten life. Some of them will feel nervous, anxious and even tired of studying. Although most parents are aware of this problem, they are not clear about the requirements of school life in primary school and the difficulties encountered by their children. They often only focus on meeting children's material needs, while ignoring children's spiritual care, encouragement and support. Some parents also put forward many extra learning requirements for their children, which made the problem not solved well.
Receiving formal school education is an important event in children's life development, and they must learn to take the first step in life. It is an important task for parents at this stage to provide targeted and effective help according to the actual situation of children.
At the beginning of school, in addition to providing necessary school supplies and creating a good learning environment, parents should always observe their children's emotional state and academic performance at home, often have cordial conversations with their children, understand their ideas, difficulties and requirements for the school, and take targeted measures; We should take the initiative to get in touch with teachers and coordinate educational measures between schools and families; When children encounter practical difficulties, don't simply criticize but patiently analyze them to help them come up with solutions to the problems; We should not pay too much attention to the short-term effects of early education, but should pay more attention to maintaining their interest and willingness to learn.
2. Try to stimulate and maintain children's interest in learning.
Some parents, out of high expectations for their children and divorced from the actual situation of their children at home, constantly demand "high marks" for their children and implement "strict" training, even reaching a harsh level. Ultra-high requirements and overloaded homework and exercises occupy almost all the children's spare time, which suppresses their interest in learning and leads them to lose the fun of childhood life. They regard learning as a fear road, and their curiosity and thirst for knowledge have also been hit hard and disappeared, which has a very unfavorable long-term impact on their future study.
For children, curiosity is a more important development factor than academic performance. One of the key points of parents' care and guidance for children's learning is to stimulate and maintain their interest in learning. We must pay attention to prevent children's desire for learning and thirst for knowledge from decreasing with the increase of grade.
Parents should not use scores too much to force their children to learn; Encourage children to ask all kinds of questions anytime and anywhere and analyze and discuss them together; Always encourage children to try to solve problems by themselves; We should fully affirm the positive factors in children's failure and explore improvement schemes; Children should be encouraged to constantly expand their knowledge and stimulate their interest in learning.
3. Create a good family learning environment.
Parents pay more and more attention to their children's learning conditions, but many parents still fail to create a good learning environment for their children. Children have no independent study space, there are few family books, parents are addicted to playing poker and mahjong, parent-child relationship in the family is tense, and negative factors such as computer network have not been prevented in time. It is a very prominent practical problem in family education to treat the adverse effects such as carelessness, lack of seriousness, lack of hard work and lack of sense of responsibility.
Parents should take creating a good family environment for their children as an important content of caring for and supporting their children's study. The family learning environment includes two parts: hardware and software. Although hardware construction may be restricted by family economic level, family software construction is more important, and parents can do it through their own efforts.
Parents can create necessary learning material conditions for their children according to their own conditions, such as desks, bookcases, books, newspapers and periodicals. Build a safe and warm family psychological atmosphere through democratic parent-child relationship; Set a good example for children through their own pursuit of progress and continuous learning.
4. The development of good study habits is a great event for children to benefit for life.
Poor study habits are a thorny problem that puzzles many children and parents. With the increase of grade, the adverse consequences of this phenomenon are increasingly prominent. Children's procrastination, low learning efficiency, poor grades and weak sense of responsibility in learning may all be related to the failure to develop good study habits. There are also some children who do well in school, but they are completely different at home. Parents' lack of proper understanding of the importance of children's study habits, insufficient concern or excessive intervention in their children's study, and even "arranging instead" in their study will directly affect the development of children's good study habits.
The formation of good study habits is an important thing that will benefit children for life in the future. At the beginning of school, parents should take cultivating children's good study habits and establishing the concept of time as the top priority and pay close attention to it. The formation of study habits depends on the efforts and persistence of both parents and children.
Parents should cultivate their children's good study habits step by step and put forward one or two requirements at a time; Children should be praised and encouraged in time after doing it, so that children can have a positive emotional experience; To cultivate habits, we must persevere, repeatedly grasp, and repeatedly grasp; Parents should practice and let their children bathe in a good family learning atmosphere.
5. Continue to care about the development of children's good living habits.
Most children are at home with their mouths open and their clothes stretched, and their parents do their own things; In the process of habit formation, some children have weak willpower and poor persistence; Some children's living habits are different in and out of school, and they have obvious "two sides". In the formation of students' living habits, many parents tend to value intelligence over morality, value ability over habits, have no clear behavioral requirements, and make too many substitutions. Some parents only pay lip service to their children's development education, but have not put it into real life; Although some parents put forward requirements for their children's habit cultivation, they lack inspection and feedback on their children's behavior.
Living habits, like study habits, are important factors affecting children's life development. Living habits are cultivated, not just oral education. Parents' living habits and behaviors are role models for children to learn. Parents should choose appropriate education methods to achieve the consistency and persistence of habit formation.
Parents should have good living habits and set an example for their children. Create more exercise space for children and encourage them to do what they can. The requirements for children's behavior should be as specific and consistent as possible: parents, grandparents, parents, family and school, parents and parents. Give more encouragement to children's little progress in habit formation. Take the initiative to communicate with teachers about students' behavior at home, and form a joint force of life habit education.
6. Appreciate and motivate children in a timely and appropriate manner.
Some parents can't see the advantages of their children, seek perfection and blame them, and often criticize their shortcomings and deficiencies; Often criticize, satirize, dig in public, and even beat and scold children, intentionally or unintentionally hurting their self-esteem; I like to dig up old scores and criticize my children's shortcomings with the advantages of other children, which has dampened their enthusiasm. Some parents are aware of the negative effects of criticism, but they just appreciate and encourage their children blindly, so that their bad problems can not be solved in time. Children who have not been positively evaluated by their parents for a long time lack a sense of accomplishment and a strong sense of frustration, and also have some personality defects, such as introversion, inferiority complex, and poor sociability.
Criticism is not the best way to educate children. The younger the child, the more he needs outside encouragement. Children who are often praised and encouraged are more confident and adaptable, and can motivate children to overcome themselves and improve themselves. Appreciation and encouragement for children should be timely, and we should not give up blindly according to the specific situation.
Parents should respect the laws of children's physical and mental development, respect children and recognize their dominant position; Be good at discovering and attaching importance to children's advantages, so that appreciation and praise can be targeted; Pay attention to discretion in praise and avoid false praise, general praise and everything praise; Put an end to the blind "qualitative" of children's problems and understand the tolerance of children's mistakes. Parents don't have to give up appropriate criticism and punishment, but they can't criticize too much. They should do it individually and educate their children consistently and persistently.
7. Help children build self-confidence.
Although some children are blind and overconfident, most children lack self-confidence, which is manifested in many aspects: timidity, inferiority, sensitivity and emotional fragility in life; In communication, I am afraid that others will not accept me, and I am afraid of finding a small partner. My communication scope is narrow and my communication with people is not smooth. Learning failure leads to lack of confidence and enthusiasm for learning, and people think that they are not competent enough or mentally retarded. In severe cases, they are often afraid of teachers asking questions and dare not question or express their opinions. Poor self-care ability, strong dependence and fear of doing bad things; Weak willpower, lack of enterprise, no clear goal, poor ability to adapt to the environment. Parents "arrange children", so that children have fewer opportunities to experience success through self-practice; Too high expectations for children, lack of appreciation and positive evaluation are easy to cause children's self-confidence to be frustrated.
Cultivating children's psychological quality of believing in their own strength has a great influence on their life development. With self-confidence, a person can give full play to his inner potential, step by step enter a higher stage of development, and succeed in his studies and career. The guidance and help of parents is an important force for children to establish self-confidence.
Parents should use more praise and encouragement to positively evaluate their children, and less talk about their shortcomings in front of strangers and outsiders; Discover the child's little progress in time and give him praise in time, so that the child can constantly feel the value of his life in daily life; When children encounter difficulties or fail to do things, parents should especially encourage and guide them in time; Encourage children to communicate with their partners and teach them communication skills; Let children know that wisdom is varied, and establish self-confidence of "I can do it" and "I am no worse than others"; Let children act independently and don't rely too much on their parents for a successful experience.
8. Support and guide children to learn to communicate with others.
Nowadays, most children are only children, and there are not many opportunities for partners to communicate; They are used to self-centered thinking and action, do not know communication skills, and are prone to contradictions and frictions in making friends; When encountering contradictions and misunderstandings in making friends, I hope to get help and guidance from my parents. A few children are too timid, picky or superior to associate with others. Some parents are worried that their children will be bullied, and their poor study will affect their studies, and they are often opposed; Although some parents can take a positive attitude, they give little guidance and help to their children. Many parents often choose friends for their children according to their own values and good E Lai.
Interpersonal communication is one of the important conditions to promote children's socialization. Because personality is mainly formed in the process of communication with others, children's communication with others is of great significance to the development of their psychological quality. The ability to communicate with others is not innate, but needs to be cultivated. Parents should not only set an example, but also help and guide their children to communicate with others and correctly handle interpersonal relationships between classmates.
Parents should guide their children to establish a correct view of friends and help them to build their friendship on the basis of common interests, mutual trust, mutual support, mutual help and mutual promotion; Help children create opportunities and conditions for making friends and help children communicate with others; Listen to the interaction between children and partners; You can invite your child's friends to play at home; Participate in various group activities and community service work.
9. Parents should also be children's happy playmates.
Due to the heavy burden of children's schoolwork and the burden of extracurricular tutoring arranged by parents, the time for free play is decreasing; The only child lacks playmates; Some children don't know what to play and how to play. Most parents hold the idea that playing wastes their children's study time, and they are unwilling and do not pay attention to letting their children have too much play time; Parents don't have time to play with their children themselves, which limits the opportunities for children to play alone or with their partners for safety reasons; Parents don't understand their children's interest in playing and are divorced from their children's life world. There is no basis for the two sides to play together, and parents will not teach their children to play.
Playing is a child's nature, and it is as essential for children as eating and sleeping. This nature is the best way to promote children's growth and the primary way for children to learn, which can promote children's intellectual development. Parents are children's favorite playmates.
Parents should change the concept that play is not as important as learning, and attach importance to the role of children's play; Encourage children to play and stimulate their interest in playing; Give children a safe and clean playing environment or place; Ensure children's daily play time and appropriate activities; Keep the balance between children's "social games" and playing alone; Welcome children's partners to play with children and encourage children to find playmates; Play with children and be their playmates; Help children play in middle schools and schools; Adjust the content of the game and guide the children to play healthy and beneficial games; Conditional parents prepare some suitable toys for their children; Teach children simple toy making skills and use some basic tools.
10, get out of the misunderstanding of accompanying students and treat children's school study correctly.
The essence of accompanying reading is how parents treat their children's school study. In this regard, parents generally have the concept of valuing wisdom over morality, knowledge over ability, book knowledge over practical ability, textbook knowledge over extracurricular knowledge, memory over understanding and application. Some parents give their children intellectual development prematurely in order to let them win at the starting line, regardless of their age characteristics; Some parents are not satisfied with the normal school education and blindly give their children extra education, such as doing more extracurricular exercises and participating in various cram schools and interest classes; In order to supervise and improve children's academic performance, I will accompany them for a long time.
People's quality is an organic whole, and parents should focus on promoting people's all-round development and cultivating their children's sound personality; The education of children should follow the law of children's physical and mental development, and premature intellectual development and excessive education will often be counterproductive; Accompanying students is not the best way to treat children's study. To some extent, arranging substitution is easy to stifle children's autonomous learning ability, and it is also easy for teachers to get no feedback of real information in teaching, which is not conducive to teachers' improvement and adjustment of teaching according to problems.
Parents attach importance to their children's learning, and the first thing is to cultivate their children's good study habits and be able to learn independently; Create a good family learning atmosphere and encourage children to learn independently and creatively; Under the condition of carefully observing children's learning state, this paper analyzes the causes of children's learning difficulties and gives guidance and appropriate help in learning.