Although the territory of the Song Dynasty was narrow, foreign wars were unfavorable, and land was often ceded for compensation, the economy and culture were unprecedentedly prosperous, and the medicine of this dynasty also made great progress. In particular, the government attaches great importance to it, and its medical form has many innovations.

First, the standardization of hospitals When it comes to the construction of hospitals in the Song Dynasty, I have to mention one person, that is, Song Huizong. Although this man is not very good at governing the country, he has paid unprecedented attention to social assistance since he acceded to the throne. In the first year of Chongning, Hui Zong ordered "setting up economic workshops to help the poor and sick people". People can enjoy free medical care here. For patients in Anjifang, the Song government formulated a series of complete and standardized medical systems. For example, patients here will be treated in different rooms according to the severity of patients to prevent infection. To put it bluntly, it is the current isolation measures. In addition, doctors here should keep records of patients' treatment. "Dr. An Jifang gave calendars and treated them with books", which shows that the habit of using medical records has existed since the Song Dynasty. In addition to government-run hospitals, there are also some private hospitals, and some local officials also set up hospitals according to the situation. Su Shi once worked in Jian 'anfang, Hangzhou, and changed to an Ji Fang during the Chongning period.

Second, the specialization of doctors Before the Song Dynasty, doctors were in an extremely low position. "Witch doctors are skilled workers, and gentlemen are not ashamed." Medical practitioners were third-rate among the three religions at that time, but to really solve the problem of people seeing a doctor, they must be inseparable from good doctors. Due to occupational discrimination, there was almost no medical education before the Song Dynasty, and only mentoring was passed down in the Tang Dynasty. In order to increase the number of employees in the industry, the government of Song Dynasty established the Imperial Medical Bureau to manage medical education, which was affiliated to imperial academy and became the earliest medical university in China. This school has scientific medical disciplines, including pulse diagnosis (internal medicine), acupuncture and moxibustion, and elective subjects. The most important thing is that "the country enters the official position with civil and military medicine", which means that students studying in medical schools and medical staff in society can obtain official positions through examinations. Such political measures provide a new way for Confucian intellectuals who have failed in the imperial examination for a long time, and urge more intellectuals to join the medical team. It is said that these doctors often formed medical teams to send doctors to the countryside at that time. During the reign of Emperor Taizong in Chunhua, a plague appeared in Bianjing, and Song Ting sent a medical team to "boil medicine for the sick". In the summer of Zhezong, due to the intense heat, the court ordered "sending four medical officers to see a doctor inside and outside Lin 'an". In addition, due to the participation of intellectuals, the level of pharmaceutical industry in the Song Dynasty was improved, and the drug list in the Song Dynasty increased by 133 compared with the 850 drugs in the Tang Dynasty, and medical works reached a brand-new period. Even Su Shi and Shen Kuo have personal collections of medical works. Students here should systematically learn medical knowledge, including Classic of Physician, Su Wen and Ling Shu in history.

And the most important point is that "the country is a doctor of literature and art", that is to say, students studying in medical schools and medical professionals in society can obtain official positions through examinations. Such political measures provide a new way for Confucian intellectuals who have failed in the imperial examination for a long time, and urge more intellectuals to join the medical team. It is said that these doctors often formed medical teams to send doctors to the countryside at that time. During the reign of Emperor Taizong in Chunhua, a plague appeared in Bianjing, and Song Ting sent a medical team to "boil medicine for the sick". In the summer of Zhezong, due to the intense heat, the court ordered "sending four medical officers to see a doctor inside and outside Lin 'an". In addition, due to the participation of intellectuals, the level of pharmaceutical industry in the Song Dynasty was improved, and the drug list in the Song Dynasty increased by 133 compared with the 850 drugs in the Tang Dynasty, and medical works reached a brand-new period. Even Su Shi and Shen Kuo have personal collections of medical works.

Third, the civilian population of drugs In order to make the people affordable, the Song Dynasty provided medical assistance to urban civilians and vigorously developed government-run pharmacies. At that time, there were five pharmacies in Lin 'an. These pharmacies "sell drugs in four shops, which should have helped the military and civilians, and the money received is interest-free." Because of the state financial subsidy, the price of drugs in such pharmacies is one-third of the market price. In addition, when the country encounters an epidemic, pharmacies will also distribute medicines to the people free of charge. In addition to selling medicines, these pharmacies are also equipped with sitting doctors. According to records, "people who are sick and salty should go to the hospital for medical treatment and wait for the medicine to return." These pharmacies have the same responsibilities as modern clinics.

Undeniably, there were many problems in the medical system of the Song government. For example, the quality of drugs has declined due to official fraud, and the face-saving projects undertaken by residential care institutions are extravagant and wasteful. Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty denounced the problem of housing and support, saying that "repairing guests is beneficial to the people". However, from the social background at that time, the Song government actively explored the construction of medical institutions and the training of medical personnel, which further explained that it was an urgent proposition to solve the problem of people seeing a doctor from ancient times to now. References:

Book Collection Manuscripts and Diet Records in Song Dynasty, People's Livelihood First _ Official Medical Assistance in Song Dynasty, Chen.