Arithmetic is the foundation of mathematics, and the factors that affect children's learning arithmetic include the abstraction of mathematics itself, students' cognitive style, cognitive ability and teaching factors. Arithmetic involves application problems, algebra, geometric operations and so on.

(A) Analysis of the causes of arithmetic obstacles

1. Insufficient preparation skills for mathematics learning.

Difficulty in size discrimination

Difficulty in shape discrimination

One-to-one difficulty

Counting difficulty

Difficulties in audio-visual connection, etc.

2. The operation method is chaotic

As usual, the addition operation is made into subtraction operation or two operation methods are used in one operation. The more complicated the formula, the more complicated the algorithm, and the more serious the confusion of children's operation.

3. Calculation error

The rules and calculation methods used by children are correct, but the calculation is wrong.

4. Did not master the laws of mathematics

For example, there will be no abdication of subtraction, misuse of carry, or error in the number of digits of carry, or reversal of the order of carry and operation.

5. Omit the operation steps

For example, when multiplying two digits, only one bit operation is performed; In the division operation, the remainder is ignored.

6. I can't move psychologically.

I keep using the programs and rules I have learned before (such as addition), but I can't turn my attention to other operations, such as addition and subtraction, but I can't learn multiplication and division.

7. Difficulties in space organization

Such as reversing or reversing numbers (confusing directions)

Read the wrong number, such as reading 7 1 as 17.

Confusion between subtraction and meiosis

There is an error in the position arrangement of numbers during the operation.

Arithmetic obstacle training

1. Completes math preparation skills.

If children do not have some necessary skills and knowledge when they enter school, they are more likely to have difficulties in learning. Preview skills are very important for learning mathematics, and these skills defects will lead to obstacles in mathematics learning. The preparation skills of counseling include:

① One-to-one correspondence

It can help children better understand the meaning of numbers.

Seize every opportunity to teach children the relationship between numbers and objects.

Training activities

Distribute some familiar items, such as toy cars and books, to each student according to the specified numbers (such as three or five), and give them a set of digital cards to recognize the numbers. Then let the children put the corresponding objects (such as building blocks, beads, pens, etc. ) press the number on the edge of each card.

In turn, the above activities are carried out, that is, giving children various objects with different numbers, so that children can stick corresponding digital cards on the objects according to the numbers of each object;

② Classification

Classification refers to grouping or combining objects according to one or more attributes. Classification is an important preparatory skill, which is related to children's understanding of the general properties of objects. By sorting, children learn to divide a large number of items into smaller groups.

Training activities

Ask the students to divide some items into several groups, and then ask them what rules they use in classification. Give the students a box of small things. Ask children to classify according to one feature (such as color), and then ask them if they can classify in other ways, such as size and texture.

Let the children form a group of several objects, and then let other children guess what the properties of this group of objects are, that is, classify them according to their properties.

Teach children to classify with various pictures. Pictures can include different types of animals, food, plants, toys, people and so on.