First, Confucianism.
The representative figures are Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. Representative works include The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. Confucianism is one of the important schools in the Warring States period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it took Confucius as the teacher, took the six arts as the law, advocated propriety, music, benevolence and righteousness, advocated the golden mean, advocated the rule of virtue and benevolent government, and attached importance to moral and ethical education and human cultivation. Confucianism emphasizes the function of education and advocates teaching without distinction. Politically, it also advocates governing the country with courtesy and serving people with virtue. By the Warring States period, there were eight schools of Confucianism, among which Mencius and Xunzi were the most important.
Second, Taoism.
The representative figures are Lao Zi, Zhuangzi and Liezi. Representative works include Tao Te Ching, Zhuangzi and Liezi. Taoism is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period. This school is based on Laozi's Taoism at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and uses Taoism to explain the essence, origin, composition and change of all things in the universe. It is believed that heaven does nothing and everything is transformed naturally. It denies that gods and ghosts dominate everything, advocates that Taoism is natural, let nature take its course, and advocates that quietism and women should be soft. The political ideal is a small country with few people and inaction. After Laozi, Taoism was divided into different factions. There are four famous schools: Zhuangzi School, Yang Zhu School, Song Yin School and Huang Lao School.
Third, mohists
The representative figure is Mozi. His masterpiece is Mozi. Mohism was an important school in the Warring States Period, and its founder was Mo Zhai. This school is based on mutual love and mutual benefit: politically, it advocates respecting the saints, respecting the same, and non-aggression; Economically, it advocates vigorously saving costs; Put forward the idea of respecting heaven and ghosts. At the same time, we emphasize relying on our own strength.
Fourth, Legalists.
Representative figures are Han Fei, Li Si and Shang Yang. Masterpiece "Han Feizi" and so on. Legalism is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period. It is called a legalist because it advocates the rule of law, no intimacy, no dignity and a break with the law. Economically, this school advocates abandoning mineral fields, emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, and politically, it advocates abolishing the system of enfeoffment, setting up counties, autocratic monarchy, taking advantage of the situation, and severely punishing the law; In ideological education, we should ban the theory of a hundred schools of thought, take law as teaching and officials as teachers.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) A famous artist.
Representative figures are Deng, Hui Shi, Gong Sunlong, Huan Tuan, etc. His works include Gongsun Zilong and so on. Celebrities are one of the important schools in the Warring States period, and they are called celebrities by later generations because of their main academic activities. At that time, people were called debaters, judges or criminals.
Six, Yin and Yang home
The representative figure is Zou Yan, and the Yin and Yang School is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period. It was named after advocating the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and using it to explain social personnel. This school originated from the ruling class in charge of astronomical calendars in ancient times. Yin-yang theory holds that Yin-yang is the opposing and transforming force of things themselves, which can be used to explain the law of development and change of things. According to the theory of five elements, everything is composed of five elements: wood, fire, earth, gold and water. There are two laws between them, which can be used to explain the origin and change of everything in the universe.
VII. Strategist
Representative figures include Su Qin and Zhang Yi. The strategists were China's advisers who lobbied the governors and engaged in political and diplomatic activities with the strategy of "horizontal and vertical cooperation" during the Warring States Period. Be listed as one of the schools of thought. The main representatives are Su Qin and Yi Cheung. During the Warring States period, the north and south were vertical and the east and west were horizontal. Su Qin advocated that Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Qi and Chu should unite to repel Qin, while Zhang Yi tried to break the alliance. The six countries of Lian Heng were under the control of Qin respectively, hence the name. Their activities had an important influence on the changes of political and military structure during the Warring States period.
Eight, sage
The representative figure is Lv Buwei, and the sage is a comprehensive school at the end of the Warring States Period. It is named because it combines Confucianism and Mohism and adopts the method of combining names. Lu Chunqiu, compiled by the gathering guests in Qin Dynasty, is a typical miscellaneous book.
Nine, farmers:
Nongjiale is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period. It is named after attaching importance to agricultural production. This was sent by an official in charge of agricultural production in ancient times. They believe that agriculture is the basis of food and clothing, and should be put in the first place in all work.
Novelist
Novelists, one of the nine pre-Qin writers, collect folk stories and investigate people's feelings and customs.
XI。 Military strategist
Representative figures are Sun Wu and Sima Yi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period; During the Warring States Period, there were Sun Bin, Wuqi, Liao Wei, Wei Wuji and Leitian. Military strategists focus on directing wars and how to use force when it is necessary to achieve their goals. The founder is Sun Wu, and the strategists are divided into four categories: strategist, strategist, strategist.
Twelve. Physician
The representative figure is Bian Que, who advocates using doctors to heal the wounded and rescue the dying. At the same time, doctors also refer to all people who practice medicine.