Many teachers think that punishment is a very simple matter. Its simplicity lies in that the school has school rules and the class has class rules. As long as students violate any rules, just look at the school rules and class rules and act according to the rules. If you think so, you are wrong. Because education punishment is a kind of education after all, since it is education, it is an art, and the artistry of education punishment is reflected in the following aspects:
(1) Teachers should use artistic language when disciplining students.
Some words that make students sound unacceptable can't achieve the educational effect we are pursuing. Good language can make students sound willing to accept, even shed tears, and be deeply educated; On the contrary, harsh words will also make students bored, with little effect, and may even make students dislike teachers. In reality, some teachers always complain and say angry words to students who make mistakes. The language of these teachers' emotional catharsis is difficult for students to accept, and it is difficult to achieve the expected educational effect. Therefore, it is a compulsory course for our teachers to learn to use language, pay attention to the art of speaking, impress students' hearts with language in education and punishment, and let them accept our education wholeheartedly.
(2) Teachers should accurately grasp the degree of punishment to students.
The judge should convict the prisoner according to the circumstances of the crime and the relevant laws and regulations, and the teacher should also take corresponding disciplinary measures according to the mistakes made by the students when implementing the punishment. Appropriate disciplinary measures not only do the least harm to students' interests, but also make them psychologically acceptable and receive the best educational effect. Especially for some small mistakes made by students, don't fly into a rage, wave your fists and punish them at will. The degree of punishment is an important embodiment of the artistry of educational punishment. Once the punishment loses its degree, it is difficult for teachers to grasp themselves. The principle of "equal punishment" should be followed, so that "purpose" and "means" can reach a moderate proportion. This requires us to weigh repeatedly and find the most effective way before punishment. This grasp of the degree of education punishment is actually a superb art.
(3) Teachers should choose appropriate educational occasions.
The object of education and punishment is living people. Every student has self-esteem, longs for respect from others, and is unwilling to lose face in front of others, especially those students who often violate discipline and have deep prejudice against teachers. If the teacher punishes the students regardless of the occasion, it is likely to embarrass himself. Punishing students regardless of the occasion may produce two bad results: one is that students' self-esteem is seriously damaged and they gradually feel inferior, and some will become the object of ridicule by other students, even if the teacher's punishment can scare other students, it is not worth it; The other is that the teacher meets students who violate the rules and disciplines repeatedly. Such children often take the opportunity to provoke the teacher to win the attention of other students. Therefore, there is no strategy to punish at will regardless of the occasion, and being good at choosing the timing of educational punishment also reflects the artistry of educational punishment.
(4) Teachers should pay attention to the timing when taking disciplinary measures.
Education punishment pays attention to timing. Without the right time, punishment will not achieve the expected effect. Ignoring the opportunity of education is a common problem in teacher education and punishment in China at present. Many teachers are too impetuous and lack patient guidance for their students. The timing of implementing disciplinary measures should be chosen as far as possible when students are fully aware of their mistakes and are sure that they will be punished. Once, a junior high school student came to give vent to his feelings. He said to his psychology teacher, "I hate the head teacher." I was late for the toilet and went back to the classroom. He even asked me to write an 800-word manual! My composition was poor. How can I write so much? This is obviously messing with me! " The reason for this problem is that the class teacher didn't communicate well with the students when punishing them, and didn't explain the significance of punishing them like this. Therefore, students not only don't understand the intention of the class teacher, but are full of resentment against the class teacher. Imagine, how can the effect of this kind of education and punishment be ideal?
(5) Teachers should be good at communicating with parents of students and make effective use of the power of family education.
The effects of communication and non-communication are completely different. With good communication, parents can not only understand why teachers punish their children, but also help teachers manage their children after agreeing with their educational punishment methods, thus forming a joint force of home-school education! When teachers discipline children, if they think it is necessary, they must communicate with parents and pay attention to the art of communication! Teachers should pay attention to several points when communicating: First, tell parents what mistakes students made and analyze the reasons and thoughts of children's mistakes; The second is to tell parents what kind of punishment teachers should give their children, what is the purpose of punishment and how to implement it; Third, humbly ask parents if they have more reasonable punishment suggestions; The fourth is to urge parents to cooperate with the school to punish in order to achieve the best results. We believe that if teachers can do this, parents generally won't complain that teachers punish their children.
(6) Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is the highest requirement for the artistry of educational punishment.
The difficulty of education is that different students can't adopt completely consistent educational methods, and educational punishment is no exception. In order to teach students in accordance with their aptitude as much as possible, we should carefully consider several questions before punishing students: What kind of student is this? How is his family's education? How should children with this personality be educated? If this punishment is implemented, what will be the effect? We should try our best to think twice before acting, and we must not act rashly. When educating and punishing some children, it really takes some brains and thoughts. If we don't pay attention to the different characteristics of different children and impose educational punishment across the board, it will often have some negative consequences.
(7) Teachers should innovate education and punishment methods appropriately.
Innovation is the characteristic of our times, and it is more suitable for our education and punishment. Innovation means that different students make the same mistakes, and teachers may adopt different punishment methods; Even if the same student makes the same mistake, the teacher's punishment may be different on different occasions. Those outdated disciplinary methods need innovation. Wei Shusheng, an education expert, has adopted many different ways of education and punishment in class management, but he has never physically punished students, which makes class management orderly. The "warm class rules" of experimental primary school in Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province is also an innovation in education and punishment. The "green education discipline system" we adopted has also achieved good educational results. Psychological research shows that if the same person is always given the same stimulus, he will gradually become numb and the educational effect will be greatly reduced. This also reminds us that teachers should pay attention to the continuous innovation of educational punishment methods.
2. The scientific principle of punishment
Educational punishment has its own requirements, which are the embodiment of the laws of educational punishment, and we should follow these laws when implementing punishment. If teachers ignore these laws of education and punishment, it will not only be difficult to achieve the purpose of education and punishment, but also cause serious adverse consequences. Then, what laws do the scientific nature of educational punishment require us to follow?
(1) Educational punishment should follow the objective laws of children's physical and mental development.
Educational punishment must first follow the law of children's moral development. Children themselves are not born with self-discipline, and their moral development needs to go through a process from heteronomy to self-discipline. In this process, children gradually learn self-discipline from the constraints of parents, teachers and the outside world. Sometimes, children are punished by the outside world and gradually have self-discipline. If this rule is violated, for example, some parents have too low requirements for their children, or even do not impose restrictions, or think that "trees are straight", they will turn a blind eye when their children violate the rules. Over time, children will lack the awareness of rules and appear very ill-bred. Such children often don't adapt when they step into society. They either get hurt or form anti-social personality and endanger society. Therefore, it is in line with the law of children's moral development to take necessary disciplinary measures against students. Violation of this law leads to insufficient punishment, which will have adverse consequences and needs our attention.
(2) Educational punishment should consider the characteristics of students at different ages.
As an educational method, educational punishment can be applied to students of different ages, but there are bound to be differences when it is applied to children of different ages. If we don't pay attention to this, it will violate the age law of educational punishment and cause improper disciplinary consequences. An interesting educational psychology study once found that teachers' verbal criticism of young children sometimes doesn't work. The researchers found that many children left their seats when the kindergarten teacher spoke, so the teacher criticized the children who left their seats, but the number of children who left their seats did not decrease. Later, the teacher changed a strategy, instead of criticizing the children sitting in the seat, he praised the children sitting straight. In this way, the situation of children occupying seats has been significantly reduced. It turns out that children of this age are not very sensitive to teachers' criticism, but think that teachers are paying attention to themselves. This clearly tells us that education and punishment should fully consider the different psychological characteristics of children of different ages.
(3) Education and punishment should pay attention to the principle of timeliness.
If students make mistakes and need some kind of punishment, teachers should try their best to implement them in time if conditions permit. From the psychological point of view, punishment is actually a negative reinforcement, which should follow the principle of timeliness as much as possible, otherwise it will make students feel lucky enough to escape punishment. If the teacher fails to take disciplinary measures in time and later forgets to punish the students because of his negligence, then the students are likely to make a second mistake. There is a famous "broken window theory" in psychology, which tells that a window glass of a house in the street is broken, and no one will repair it. Soon, the glass of other windows will be broken for no reason. Similarly, if some uncleaned graffiti appears on a wall, it will soon be covered with messy and unsightly things; In a very clean place, people are embarrassed to throw rubbish, but once there is rubbish on the ground, people will not hesitate to throw it on the ground and will not feel ashamed at all. For class management, the rules that students violate are like "a broken window". If students are not punished in time, other students will also violate this rule, and even this student will continue to destroy "another window", that is, violate other rules. Therefore, untimely punishment will not only paralyze the psychology of the students who made mistakes, but also give other students bad psychological hints.
(4) Educational punishment should pay attention to its rationality.
Reasonable punishment will be effective. If the punishment is unreasonable and students are unwilling to accept it psychologically, then the punishment will not only fail to achieve the expected effect, but also make students misunderstand and even dislike the teacher. The rationality of punishment requires teachers to make patient and meticulous investigations before punishing students, and not to be too impatient. In addition, the rationality of punishment also requires that punishment must have a basis, and without a basis, punishment cannot be arbitrarily implemented. This requires the head teacher to formulate the class rules of his own class immediately after setting up the class. With the class rules, the punishment can be implemented according to the class rules. There are no rules in advance, or the school has rules but the teacher doesn't tell the students. In this case, the teacher had better not punish, because it is difficult for students to accept it from their hearts.
(5) Pay attention to avoid the abuse of punishment.
Some teachers pay attention to the establishment of class rules, which is understandable, but after careful study of those class rules, we find that students are not allowed to do things, such as not eating snacks, not talking in the dormitory, not being late for homework, not doing homework ... and then they will be punished for being on duty, writing homework several times and standing. Moreover, some teachers try their best to list all the disciplinary problems that students may violate, and then list the punishment measures in detail. Such class rules are like a "criminal law ceremony". This practice of suppressing students by abusing punishment will cause serious psychological and behavioral problems for students. We can see that the switches on the walls of some schools have been damaged a lot by students, and the angry language of students is written on the walls of some schools, which are all manifestations of students' psychological depression. If students' psychological depression is not relieved and vented in time, it may also lead to more serious conflicts between teachers and students.
3. The principle of legality of punishment
Social development has entered the era of governing the country according to law, and people's legal concept is getting stronger and stronger. Therefore, every teacher can't continue the tradition that teachers take education punishment for granted for thousands of years and can punish students casually. China is one of the countries that explicitly prohibit corporal punishment in the world, which is reflected in many laws. It is glorious to engage in education, and it is also appropriate to exercise professional rights. However, we must not fall into the illegal thunder pool because of this, and we must effectively implement educational punishment according to law. This is reflected in the following aspects:
(1) It is necessary to clarify who can carry out educational punishment.
Who can impose educational punishment on students who make mistakes? It seems that this should not be a problem, and everyone will think that the education punisher should be a teacher. In fact, we should have a further understanding of this. Generally speaking, students' violation of norms is minor, and the main body of punishment is the class teacher, who is responsible for education and punishment; Students' violation of the norms is serious and the punishment is heavier. At this time, the right to punish lies in the school, and the school or the principal will punish on behalf of the teacher. Schools have no right to deal with students' illegal behavior beyond campus norms, which should be handled by judicial organs. Education and punishment can't be implemented casually by anyone, and other individuals and organizations without legal authorization can't be the subject of punishment, and they don't have the right to education and punishment. Based on this, we can draw a conclusion that class cadres have no right to punish other students, schools have no right to deal with students' illegal acts on behalf of judicial organs, and teachers have no right to severely punish students. Knowing this, we will not pass on the right of education punishment, nor will we exercise it beyond our authority.
(2) Understand the problem of punishing students.
What is the object of educational punishment? The object of educational punishment should be the specific deviant behavior of students, not the students themselves or their body and mind. Educators can never forget that punishment, as one of the means of education, is aimed at promoting the standardization of students' behavior and can only be aimed at deviant behavior itself. In the process of punishment, we should adhere to the basic principle of "focusing on things, not on people". When judging whether the student's behavior is deviant, we should pay attention to the following points: the student's behavior does violate the regulations of the school or class; This kind of illegal behavior really destroys the discipline of the class or school, and objectively causes certain harm. Without punishment, it is impossible to maintain the normal order of education and teaching, and it is impossible to guarantee the educational interests and healthy development of individual students. The harm of students' illegal behavior is indeed caused by students' own faults and negligence; For these deviant behaviors, students had the ability to control their occurrence and development, but they didn't. If the students' violations meet the above four points, teachers can impose educational penalties. Generally speaking, when students' behaviors have little influence on others, such as inattention in class, unfinished homework, etc., these are only students' personal value behaviors, and teachers should guide them through reasonable ways and means, and can't punish them too severely. If it is an act that seriously affects the normal order of educational activities, such as bringing dangerous goods into school, disturbing the classroom, fighting, etc. Teachers or schools must give severe education punishment.
(3) Strict education punishment should be carried out according to certain procedures.
It should be noted that the procedure of educational punishment is based on the implementation of the law, especially the implementation of severe educational punishment should be as standardized as the law and implemented according to certain procedures. Because this can effectively protect the legitimate interests of students or teachers and prevent them from being hurt. Proper educational disciplinary procedure requires that the procedure itself is reasonable and legal, and the implementation steps are fair and just. In order to ensure the legitimacy of education and punishment procedures, schools or teachers need to do the following: fully investigate students' violations, schools or teachers should fully understand students' violations, ensure that the investigation is realistic, and make records. Before making some severe education punishment, students and their parents should be informed and allowed to put forward defense opinions, and then the school or teacher will form a specific punishment decision. This can fully protect the rights of students and prevent improper punishment by schools or teachers. Propagandize the information of education punishment appropriately, and let everyone know the results, especially the education punishment of violations involving the interests of most students. However, this kind of announcement should pay attention to protecting students' privacy rights, and it is not allowed to disclose contents that are detrimental to students' privacy or personality. Schools should establish educational disciplinary files, which are records of school disciplinary decisions, including recording disciplinary results in students' school records and archival materials of relevant departments of schools. Of course, the above discussion is mainly aimed at some severe educational punishments, which does not mean that all educational punishments of teachers should be implemented according to the above steps. However, according to the specific situation, it is very necessary to standardize education punishment as much as possible.
(4) Preventing education and punishing violations of students' legitimate rights.
China's Law on the Protection of Minors points out that students, as minors, enjoy some rights, such as the right to education, personal rights and other rights, which include some rights of minors. Disciplining students is a kind of power and obligation for teachers based on their own profession. However, because there are no relevant regulations on education and punishment in China at present, teachers lack specific guidance in operation and are very arbitrary. In addition, the exercise of teachers' disciplinary power often appears in the form of administrative management, and the rights and interests of both parties are unequal, which is mandatory to some extent. In this case, teachers enjoy greater discretion in the process of punishment, which further deepens students' weak position and powerless state in punishment. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the protection of students' rights in the right of educational punishment, and require teachers to be legal, reasonable and fair when exercising the right of punishment, to prevent students' rights from being damaged or infringed to the maximum extent, and to provide feasible relief measures and channels afterwards to effectively safeguard students' legitimate rights and interests. However, this does not mean that education punishment will change color when it meets the rights of students. For example, when the management right conflicts with the students' personal rights, it can't be considered that the punishment involving the students' personal rights is illegal, because as long as the punishment really contributes to the realization of the school's educational purpose and does not exceed the necessary limit, its legitimacy can be confirmed. For another example, when the punishment conflicts with students' privacy, although the school has no right to search, when the school or students face serious security threats, they can take actions that "damage" students' privacy as long as they meet the conditions of prior statement, reasonable suspicion and urgency.
4. The educational principle of punishment
The purpose of establishing class rules and implementing disciplinary system is not only to establish the authority of discipline and school rules, but more importantly, to guide students to grow up healthily, educate students reasonably and make them achieve greater development, that is, educational punishment must serve the purpose and starting point of education. In order to make punishment reflect its educational nature, we need to pay attention to the following aspects in implementation:
(1) Education and punishment are really about getting rid of bad behavior.
The starting point of punishment is not to make students feel pain and shame because of punishment. Education punishment is actually a last resort. We should test the effect of educational punishment mainly by correcting students' deviant behavior. Take the punishment of negligence, which is a way to make the students who make mistakes take responsibility for their wrong actions. For example, they must pay compensation for damaging public property or other people's things, students who are not serious on duty should be on duty again, students should be punished for a short time in class, and they are not allowed to participate in extracurricular activities without completing their homework that day. The purpose of this punishment is to make students responsible for their words and deeds, make up their mistakes in time, quit bad behavior as soon as possible, let students know what responsibility is, and thus cultivate their sense of responsibility. Therefore, educational punishment should strengthen the purpose of "abstinence" and dilute the pain that educational punishment brings to students. If we can achieve the goal of "abstinence" without causing pain to students, that is the best.
(2) Education and punishment should try to let students get personal development.
Although some educational punishments can make students get rid of bad behaviors, they may not be able to make students develop positively. If educational punishment can not only get rid of some bad behaviors of students, but also make students develop or improve in some aspects, it embodies the educational nature of punishment. Wei Shusheng, a contemporary education expert, has set a good example for us. For example, after students make mistakes, they generally don't directly criticize, reprimand, punish or punish in disguised form, but ask them to write a sermon, write a psychological medical record, sing a song, do a good deed and draw a picture according to their personality. This way not only trains students' Chinese writing ability and problem analysis ability, but also cultivates students' personal sentiment and develops students' positive aspects. This good effect is due to the fact that the punishment does not deliberately investigate the students' mistakes, but adopts the strategy of active guidance. The punishment method of developmental education avoids the negative effects of simple punishment, mobilizes students to actively develop themselves and encourages them to do more pro-social behaviors.
(3) Do a good job of helping and educating after punishment.
The purpose of educational punishment is to educate students and let them correct their mistakes, that is, to let them develop in the direction expected by our educational goals, rather than to let them be punished for violating the rules. Educational disciplinary measures are mostly punitive, which will often bring some negative psychological effects to students in implementation. Therefore, after the implementation of educational punishment, we should do a good job in helping and transforming education. We should continue to talk with students, let them understand the educational purpose of punishment, encourage students to make positive behaviors, and resolutely prevent students from being hurt or hurt by punishment. In other words, the role of helping transformation is to give full play to the positive role of education and punishment, avoid or eliminate the side effects of punishment, and make education and punishment truly become educational weapons in our hands.
(4) Resolutely put an end to some measures against educational discipline.
The so-called "anti-education" punishment refers to the management mode that school organizations or teachers try to eliminate the inferiority of some behavior of the educated through improper means. These disciplinary methods are arbitrary and easy to use, which can control and weaken some negative or bad superficial behaviors of students in a short time. Therefore, many teachers regard them as routine means to educate and manage students. There are three main forms: corporal punishment and disguised corporal punishment. This kind of punishment can be said to be the most common and common form in primary and secondary schools, such as running, pulling hair and slapping the face. This kind of discipline will make students feel inferior and easily cause students to resist. Mental punishment. Usually refers to the mental punishment imposed on students by teachers with inappropriate language or behavior. Its concrete manifestations are: satire, ridicule and scolding, neglect, isolation, discrimination and insult, disclosure of students' privacy, making students make a fool of themselves in public, etc. On the surface, this kind of punishment does not harm students' health, nor does it increase their financial burden, but it is the most terrible, because ordinary physical injuries are easily forgotten, while mental injuries are difficult to heal, or even impossible to heal at all. If students are often punished by this kind of punishment, introverted students are prone to self-pity and retreat, while extroverted students are prone to attack and hostility towards others. Its harm is far greater than physical harm. Fines, that is, economic sanctions, impose fines on students who violate the regulations. In this way, students with well-off families often pay the price for this, and even repeatedly punish them; Students who are short of money often cheat their parents and relatives, even steal and pay fines. Therefore, this kind of punishment can only be counterproductive, and it will not play an educational role, and the image of teachers in the eyes of students will be greatly reduced.
The implementation of anti-education punishment will seriously affect students' physical and mental development, and will lead them to have a strong sense of social negation, thus hindering their social development; It will affect teachers' working mood, damage teachers' physical and mental health, affect teachers' social status and personality charm, cause conflicts between teachers and students, and then cause tension between teachers and students. What's more, if parents are involved in educational disciplinary disputes, it will make things worse and worse, and the media will report it. Finally, schools and teachers find it difficult to finish. Therefore, we are firmly opposed to this punishment. Many anti-education punishments are also not allowed by the current laws and teachers' professional ethics in China, which may easily lead to teachers' illegal behavior.
5. Ethical principles of punishment
Educators and educatees in primary and secondary education are the main body of educational activities and are in an equal position. Educational punishment is an educational behavior between teachers and students, so educational punishment should follow the ethical principles of teachers and students, which is the basic moral requirement for educators' disciplinary behavior and should not violate the ethical relationship between teachers and students. So, how to make educational punishment conform to ethical principles?
(1) Respect students' personality.
Respecting students means that teachers should treat students as "people" and treat them as living individuals with unique existence value. Personality and dignity are the most important and precious things for people, and it is a universal need for people to yearn for respect from others. The most basic thing to respect students is to respect their personality, treat them friendly and equally, and respect, care and love their personality. There should be no insult to students. When students have some bad behaviors, they should be persuaded and educated to make it clear that the purpose of the teacher's conversation is to make students realize that their mistakes will have adverse consequences. When punishing, teachers can put forward several punishment methods for students to choose from, so that students can first feel their freedom of moral choice; Secondly, there is an understanding that doing something wrong will be punished. In this way, students will treat punishment correctly with a positive attitude, thus avoiding the physical and mental harm and rebellious psychology brought by teachers' simple lessons, and finally achieving the goal of improving students' moral level. Respect for students also focuses on respect for students' personality. Students' personality is the concentrated expression of each student's individual existence value. Respecting individuality is embodied in providing students with an open educational environment, breaking the unified goal, unified content and unified method, and respecting students' diversified development needs.
(2) Trust students.
Trust is a special form of respect, which is not only a requirement of education, but also a moral requirement for teachers. Any use of disciplinary measures must be based on trust in students. Only on the basis of trust can punishment exert its due educational power. What kind of people teachers regard students as is what kind of people they want to cultivate. In an environment full of doubt, speculation and even hostility, it is impossible to cultivate students' integrity. Ignoring the facts, not listening to the explanations and not asking the reasons, blindly punishing students is irresponsible and blasphemous to teachers' sacred duties. The teacher's extreme distrust of students will also affect the normal development of students' personality, leading to students' distrust of others in the future. We should believe in students, believe that students have potential and plasticity, and carry out appropriate education and punishment on the basis of this view of students, so that students will not be hostile to teachers.
(3) Know how to care and tolerate students.
As teachers, we should deeply realize that we are facing students in the stage of physical and mental development, and students' mistakes are also natural phenomena in the process of physical and mental development. We don't need to hate students' mistakes, and we don't need to be bored with them because of some small mistakes. We should tolerate and accept students' mistakes and always care about their growth. It should be pointed out that care is by no means unilateral, powerful and self-righteous. True educational care does not depend entirely on caregivers, but also on what kind of influence it has on the cared-for. If you play a bad role for the purpose of doing good, then this is not really concerned. Only when education punishment is full of teachers' love and tolerance, and the measures taken have played a positive role in the development of students, teachers' punishment will be more powerful.
(4) embody the principle of fairness and reasonableness.
The ethical principle of educational punishment also requires teachers' educational punishment to be fair and reasonable. Fairness means that the exercise of teachers' disciplinary power should be fair. Students should be treated equally, not influenced by fixed factors and personal likes and dislikes, and not influenced by teachers' own emotions. Teachers should exercise their disciplinary power fairly and reasonably, and never treat students differently just because they study well or have a good relationship with their parents. Students are extremely sensitive to teachers' preferences, and once they realize that teachers are unfair, they will be hurt internally. Rationality, that is, the opportunity, occasion and way of teachers' disciplinary power should be carefully chosen to achieve the best educational effect. If timely punishment is needed, teachers have the obligation to exercise the right of punishment; If it is necessary to educate and punish students on specific occasions, teachers should not hesitate to punish them; When choosing punishment methods, we should combine students' personality and gender characteristics. Treating every student fairly is also the basic requirement of our teachers' morality. Every child should be a treasure in the eyes of teachers. They are different, but each has its own strengths and advantages. What we need to be alert to is that under our contemptuous eyes and under our guidance, there may be future Edison and Einstein, and every child will become a pillar of the country. We have no reason to treat them unfairly and fairly.
The artistic principle, scientific principle, legal principle, educational principle and ethical principle of educational punishment embody the basic requirements of implementing educational punishment. In the absence of clear legal norms in the country, these five principles can play a good role in guiding, standardizing and evaluating our educational punishment.