The structure of ordinary incandescent lamp is mainly composed of glass bulb, filament, conductor, induction column and lamp holder. The glass shell is made into a sphere, and the material is heat-resistant glass, which separates the filament from the air, which can not only transmit light, but also play a protective role. When the incandescent lamp works, the temperature of the glass bulb can reach about 100℃. The filament is made of tungsten filament which is much thinner than the hair, and it is made into a spiral shape. It seems that the filament is very short, but in fact, this extremely thin spiral tungsten wire is drawn into a straight line, and the length exceeds 1 m. On the surface, the two wires of the electric wire are very simple, but in fact they are composed of three parts: internal wire, Dumex wire and external wire. The inner conductor is used to conduct electricity and fix the filament, and is made of copper wire or nickel-plated iron wire; A short red line in the middle is called Dumex line, which is required to be closely combined with glass without air leakage; The outer conductor is copper wire, and the task is to connect the lamp holder with electricity. The trumpet-shaped glass part of the induction column is an induction column, which is connected to the glass shell and plays the role of fixing metal parts. The air in the glass bulb is pumped out by the exhaust pipe, and then the lower end is welded and sealed, so that the lamp will not leak. The lamp holder is a metal piece connecting the lamp holder and the power supply, and it is bonded with the glass shell with solder paste, which is the structure of ordinary incandescent lamps.
Lamps and lanterns are classified by structure:
(1) The open light source is exposed, and the lamps are open or have no lampshade.
(2) An illuminator in which a light source is surrounded by a closed light-transmitting cover. However, the air inside and outside the transparent cover can circulate freely, and dust can easily enter the cover. The efficiency of the illuminator mainly depends on the transmittance of the transparent cover.
(3) The fixed position of the enclosed light-transmitting cover is closed, so that dust is not easy to enter the cover, but air can still circulate when the internal and external air pressures are different.
(4) The fixed position of the enclosed light-transmitting cover is sealed, and it is reliably isolated from the outside, so that the internal and external air cannot circulate. According to the purpose, it can be divided into waterproof and moisture-proof type and waterproof and dust-proof type, which is suitable for bathrooms, kitchens, workshops with moisture or steam, warehouses, tunnels, open storage yards and other places.
(5) Explosion-proof safety This illuminator is suitable for places where explosion danger may occur under abnormal conditions. Its main function is to prevent the explosive gas in the surrounding environment from entering the illuminator and avoid the explosion caused by sparks generated when the illuminator works normally.
(6) Flameproof this illuminator is suitable for places where explosions may occur under normal circumstances. Its structure is particularly strong, and it is not easy to break even if it explodes.
(7) Corrosion protection This illuminator is suitable for places containing corrosive gases. The shell of the lamp is made of corrosion-resistant material, which has good sealing performance and corrosive gas cannot enter the interior of the illuminator.