The first one is a story in Sandel's justice class. He said that a driver driving a tram found five workers working in front of him on the way, but the brakes of the tram failed. If he keeps driving, five people will be killed. At this time, the driver found a fork beside him, and only one worker was working on it. The question is: does he drive the tram straight ahead? Or drive to the fork and crush a worker? I estimate that 100% of people will say that the tram will turn off, save five people and crush one. No one will accuse him of killing people because the brakes failed. What's the next question? The same tram, the same brake failure, there are also five workers working on the track in front. The difference is that it was not the driver who saved these five people this time, but a man standing on the bridge directly above the tram. When he saw the tram coming, he knew that the brakes of the tram were out of order. There is a big fat man next to this man. If he pushes the fat man down and he falls on the track, all he has to do is stop the tram and save five people. So can he push this fat man down? Everyone will definitely say that it can't be pushed. Then why can the driver drive the tram to the fork and kill another person, but he can't push the fat man off the bridge? Didn't he also save five people? Sacrifice only one person? What's the difference between the questions? Some people may say that you don't have to contact the person who was killed when you drove the tram to the fork, but you must contact that person when you pushed him down. To this, Sandel added, you don't have to touch it. You can imagine that there is a hole in that part of the bridge with a board and a switch on it. You can press this switch to let the fat man fall, so you don't have to push it yourself. However, everyone still thinks that this is impossible. This is the first story.

The second is the true story of the war in Afghanistan. As we all know, an Apache helicopter was shot down by the US military in the war in Afghanistan. At that time, four members of the US Navy SEALs were about to arrest an important assistant of bin Laden. When they were about to enter the village, they found four shepherds, including a child as young as 10, driving 200 sheep. Four American troops captured four shepherds. What should I do after I catch it? Two of them suggested shooting the four men, and one of them abstained. But the captain said that innocent civilians should not be killed, and he voted against it. But we can't let them go without killing them, because if we let them go, the news of the arrest will spread, so they decided to tie up the shepherd, but they couldn't find the rope in the desert, so they had to move forward as soon as possible, so they had to let these people go and move on. After walking for less than five minutes, dozens of Taliban came and surrounded them. Four people were killed, three died and the captain was seriously injured. When he sent a distress telegram and the helicopter came to rescue them, the helicopter was also shot down, and more than a dozen commandos on the helicopter died. After the captain came back, he still regrets it until now. What did he say made me decide to let those four people go? So from then on, whether in Afghanistan, Pakistan or Iraq, the US military killed civilians when they saw them. They are afraid that these civilians will report the situation after they leave. Why is this?

Why should I tell these two stories? This essentially involves one of the most fundamental problems in our society: value judgment. From the standpoint of the US military, it is right to kill these shepherds. Because they didn't kill those shepherds, they caused important sacrifices and losses to their teammates. However, from the perspective of the Afghan people, it is right to kill them because they are aggressors.

How to make your own judgment in this complicated world? What is the basis for people to make judgments when they encounter problems? I think, in addition to all kinds of known knowledge and logic, the most important thing may still depend on your conscience, your soul and your values. For example, in the story of the brake failure of the tram mentioned earlier, in order to save those five workers, your values determine that you can't push the fat man down, although in fact, logically or physically, this is exactly the same as driving a tram on the fork to kill a person. People, in your conscience, in the depths of your soul, have a standard of judgment, and that is values. Your values don't allow you to push him down.

For human society, the ability to judge, distinguish and think about value is very important. Especially in our materialistic and money-oriented contemporary society, it is necessary to inherit the values of conscience, safeguard fairness and promote justice. Everyone knows about the Nanjing Peng Yu case a few years ago, right? An old lady who got off the bus fell and was injured, and later sued Peng Yu because Peng Yu helped her up and took her to the hospital with her son. This case has become a permanent pain in the history of China people. Why? There is something wrong with our judgment, analysis and guidance of values. First of all, the public, especially the media, did not fully understand that the old lady had fallen. Peng Yu did a good deed, sent her to the hospital and gave her 200 yuan to see a doctor. The old lady doesn't thank others, but she bites the hand that feeds her. So everyone called the old lady names. Moreover, because the judge adopted the inference of deviating from the correct values when judging this case, he thought that if Peng Yu was doing good deeds, he would not have left 200 yuan and should not have sent the old lady to the hospital. In other words, you send the old lady to the hospital, which means you feel guilty. You give her 200 yuan, which means you feel guilty. According to the judge's words, the media also hyped the moral decay of China people-good intentions are rewarded. And such a confused judge! As a result, the whole country is abused. However, by 20 12 65438+ 10/6, the relevant departments of Nanjing finally came to light. It was indeed Peng Yu who met the old lady and knocked her down when she got off the bus. But I didn't mean to push? I don't know. But one thing is certain, that is, two people had physical contact, not you fell down. Let me help you up. Then things changed qualitatively. This brings another question: how is the fact determined? What did the police do? It turned out that when the police interrogated and recorded on the spot, both sides admitted it. And the police threw away the original interrogation record! This leaves the judge with no direct evidence. However, if the two of them repeat it or negotiate amicably, the problem should be easily solved. Ironically, the judge, the police and the parties reached a common understanding, that is, out-of-court settlement, and signed an agreement not to tell the public any truth. As a result, the media hyped hard, and Peng Yu, the old lady and the judge all became victims, because they couldn't tell the truth. It was not until the last lifting of the ban that the official made it clear.

Why is there such a problem? What is the reason? What should we reflect on? Personally, I think there is something wrong with the judgment of values. Everyone involved in this matter didn't realize how much harm their treatment would bring to society, the public and their individuals and families! Many of us lack a value judgment standard and judgment ability that conforms to China traditional culture or mainstream culture. Why is this happening? Should we reflect on the lack of university education from these events? Should we ask what kind of people universities should train? What should we bring to college students in terms of our moral concepts and humanistic care? In order to give college students the correct value judgment ability, what should we teachers do ourselves? ! I didn't talk much about value judgment before, but later I found that I often need to face it, make judgments and have my own value orientation. We always talk about quality education, and I think the core should be to cultivate correct value orientation and judgment ability. If we college students can learn the correct value orientation and value judgment on many issues through several years of study in college, our society will be much better after entering the society from school in the future.

Second, improve students' professional quality and practical ability.

I recently read Qian Wenzhong's explanation of Saint Amethyst, and he said that "the way to teach is to become an expert". He told the story of Tang Bohu learning painting. Tang Bohu studied painting with Shen Zhou, Shen Zhou was a famous painter, and Tang Bohu was very talented in painting. After studying for several months, he found that his paintings were almost identical to those of Shen Zhou. So he said, Mr. Shen, I don't have to study. I can go back. Mr. Shen said, then go back. I'll treat you to dinner before you go back. Mr. Shen took him to his new room for dinner. Entering the room, Tang Bohu saw beautiful exterior scenes in every aspect, such as flowers, pools, lawns and so on. He said, why haven't I been to such a good place? He just wants to go out and have a look because there is a door. He walked over and bumped into a big bag on his forehead. It turned out that it was not a door, but a painting by Teacher Shen. It looked like a real door. When he saw that he couldn't leave here, he went to another wall, where there was also a door. He walked past again and bumped into a big bag on his forehead. As a result, I tried all three walls and found that all three walls were painted. Only then did he know that painting can be like this. So, as soon as he came out, he kowtowed to the master and said, I'm not going back. It seems that I have to study hard. After studying for many years, Mr. Shen told him that you can go back. He said, well, I can't go back yet Mr. Shen said, do you think you can't go back Tell you what, you can try and draw some pictures for us to check. He said, well, as homework. So Tang Bohu drew three tables of banquets, each with fish. After painting, stick it on three walls like master. As soon as it was hung up, his master put the cat in. As soon as the cat saw the fish on the wall, it jumped up to eat. As soon as it jumped up, it fell down. If it doesn't work on this wall, it sees it on that wall and jumps on that wall. It jumped on three walls and fell three times. This illustrates a problem. It shows that the painting painted by Tang Bohu is almost identical to that painted by his master, and the cat can't tell whether it is a painting or a fish. That's why Tang Bohu didn't want to leave.

"The way to teach lies in the essence" means to concentrate on and persevere in learning. It takes a long time to learn professional knowledge, and it takes a long time to do something solidly and honestly. Learning painting is like this, and so is learning other techniques. Without long-term persistence and hard work, it is impossible to master professional technology and skills. We are a school specializing in engineering and medicine. It takes a long time, good teaching, good learning and perseverance to cultivate students' professional knowledge and skills, and it will be effective.

Now there is a saying that "pancake man" means that he knows nothing, but in fact he knows nothing, just like a pancake, which is very thin. On the Internet, they are called "pancake people". I think we should train less "pancake people", but real people with deep professional foundation and ability.

I talked about two points above, one is to cultivate our students' value judgment and thinking discrimination ability; This is not only the most lacking in society at present, but also in our university. Another point is to cultivate our students' professional ability.

It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of students' value judgment ability, thinking discrimination ability and professional ability through classroom and extracurricular channels.

Third, cultivate students' ability of communication, organization and coordination.

When Li Lanqing was in charge of education in the central government, he attached great importance to foreign language learning, emphasizing the importance of English and the importance of mastering English. He said that he never used an interpreter when visiting abroad, but talked directly with foreigners in English. This has many advantages. First of all, things that are highly professional can't be translated well, because translation doesn't understand professionalism. The second is that many words can only be understood, but not expressed. Once translated, the meaning changes.

Now China's international status is becoming more and more important, but we don't have much right to speak internationally, whether politically, militarily or culturally. For example, how many China people hold important positions in relevant international organizations? Why? Our lack of language ability is an important reason. You can't communicate with others if you don't know English.

Huntington wrote a book called The Clash of Civilizations. Huntington is a famous professor, and Clash of Civilizations is also a masterpiece. But he himself said that it was not his best book, it was written for the public, not an academic work, and he didn't tell the students about it. In his book, I find it ridiculous that he thinks that many wars and drastic changes in the world stem from the conflicts between civilizations and cultures, and Christian culture and civilization will overwhelm other cultures and civilizations in these conflicts. In fact, with the increase of exchanges between different cultures and civilizations, we should be able to learn from each other's strong points and achieve common prosperity. However, if communication is not strengthened, misunderstanding, hostility and conflict may arise.

Recently, the head of Facebook married a Chinese wife. When did they meet? I heard that I met him when I was waiting in line to go to the bathroom at Harvard University. Some people joked that in the future, we should find the right place to go to the toilet and find the place where rich people go to the toilet. It can be seen that as long as you are willing to communicate and communicate, you can also communicate the spark of love when you go to the toilet, let alone anything else. University is not only a place to study, but also a platform for cultural and civilized exchanges and communication. We should create some conditions for college students to communicate more. In this way, we college students learn to establish some relationship networks and coordinate interpersonal communication.

How to cultivate college students' communicative competence is also one of the important tasks before us.

Fourthly, cultivate students' practical ability and innovative spirit.

I returned to work from Japan on 1990, and it has been more than 20 years. I have bought many bicycles for more than 20 years. Why did you buy too much? It was mainly stolen. What I want to say here is that none of the bicycles I bought can be ridden by myself. After buying it, I have to go to the garage to adjust it for half a day. Everyone may have bought a bike. I wonder if you have any experience? When we bought a new bike, either the screws were loose or the wheels were crooked. However, when I was studying in Japan, I only bought a bicycle. I don't have to move anywhere when I buy it. I can ride after pumping up. Besides, take a breath for at least two months. Our bikes are better now. How many days can I manage it? We just talk and don't practice, so-so, poor hands-on ability and poor professional ethics. Who do you think trained this college student? Didn't we cultivate it ourselves?

Also, we are always talking about innovation and always want to do great things. How much is the ballpoint pen that people use to write now? But the refill and the ink in it are imported, but they can't be made in China.

Innovation is related to professional ethics and practical ability, not empty talk.

What kind of personnel should they train? Let me sum up: the college students we want to cultivate should not only have scientific humanistic spirit, innovative spirit, professional ethics spirit, value judgment ability, thinking ability and international communication ability, but also have strong practical ability, that is, "three spirits and four abilities"

Five, how to cultivate people

So, how to cultivate such people?

The first way is for a famous teacher to go to the podium. A teacher is high, but a disciple is strong. It is necessary to improve students' ability and quality through teachers' preaching, teaching, solving doubts and common discussion. I sometimes look at American open classes, such as Justice-On by Sandel, Clash of Civilizations by Huntington, Death and Happiness, and so on. Those teachers are really eloquent in their speeches. Listening to such a class is a different kind of enjoyment! There are also many good teachers in China, such as the physics class taught by Zhao Kaihua from Peking University and the online literature class taught by Ouyang Youquan from Zhongnan. Recently, I also read Lu Fangweng's chivalrous and tender feelings written by Yu Yang, and I also saw her talk about Nalan Xing De in the lecture room, which was very good. This is a famous teacher. You need someone to listen to your lecture and make it fascinating. A good teacher should go to the podium, and so should a professor! Moreover, our teacher should not only go to the podium, but also stand on the podium. Professors should take teaching and educating people as their bounden duty and the first priority of their work. The document issued by the school this time must emphasize a few words, that is, giving lectures to undergraduates is the first priority of professors and associate professors.

Second, we should further improve the curriculum system. The curriculum system is closely related to what kind of people are trained. Colleges and universities have always attached great importance to the construction of curriculum system. In fact, the construction of curriculum system is also an important part of discipline construction. What kind of system does the university offer courses? Is it based on the system of core courses, specialized courses and elective courses? Or according to the system of public basic courses, professional basic courses and basic courses? This determines the degree and training mode of general education or professional education in schools. No matter which way you take, undergraduate education must have a constantly developing and perfect curriculum system, so that students can get the above-mentioned ability and spirit training and promotion under this system.

Under this curriculum system, students should study hard. Examination is still one of the effective means to test students' learning level and ability. There are always people who criticize our students for their low ability to get high marks. This statement is also one-sided. I think there is nothing wrong with getting good grades in the exam. Students with a score of 100 are at least better at mastering knowledge than those with a score of 50 or 60. Of course, in other aspects, some students with high test scores may have some shortcomings, but it cannot be said that high test scores are a bad thing. Otherwise, what do we take? We should still encourage students to get high marks, but not just high marks. In other words, if you do well in the exam, you will do well, but it doesn't mean that you will do well in everything.

Third, we should seize the two main battlefields of educating people in and out of class. We hope that both classroom and extracurricular activities have quality. Class, first, book learning and hands-on learning of various courses under the curriculum system, and learning from time to time. Learning is reading, learning is doing. The second is to do experiments well, especially active innovation experiments. Let students design, manage and do by themselves, and learn to do a complete thing, even a small thing. After class, first, give full play to students' interests, organize more clubs and extracurricular study groups, break the restrictions of disciplines and majors, and encourage students to explore things outside their majors. Secondly, we should provide more opportunities to go out of school, enter the society and even go abroad, so as to enrich students' experience, broaden their horizons and expand their communication scope.

Fourth, do a good job in English listening training. Learning English must focus on improving English listening and try to solve students' English listening problems during college. English reading, writing, translation and speaking skills can be solved by self-study after leaving school. The only thing that cannot be solved is listening. If he doesn't solve the problem of English listening in college, it will be difficult for him to solve it after he goes out. This issue must be mentioned at a strategic level. If the undergraduates of Central South University basically solve the problem of English listening after graduation, then the problem of sustainable development of our students' international communication ability will be basically solved.

The last point is to strengthen the cultivation of students' personality. Today's era is an era of flying personality, an era of talented people, and the eve of the emergence of scientific masters. To cultivate a master, it is necessary to develop and play the personality of the master as soon as possible. Without developing their personalities, there would be no masters. What are the advantages and disadvantages of unified products? Therefore, our teachers, our management departments and our policies should be changed as soon as possible. We should adapt to the needs of personalized learning and training as soon as possible. Only with personalized training and personalized guidance can we have a master with flying personality.