printing block
On the basis of the theory and practical experience of audio-visual education, 1970, the report submitted by the American Education Technology Committee to the US Congress put forward practical education technology for the first time, and then it was revised three times in 1972, 1977 and 1994, forming a complete concept.
catalogue
Basic concepts of educational technology
Visual education of the development history of educational technology
audiovisual education
Audio-visual communication
educational technology
The Development of Educational Technology in China
Modern educational technology
Comparison between AECT94 definition and 2004 definition
Characteristics of educational technology
The Relationship between Educational Technology and Modern Educational Ideas
The relationship between educational technology and educational development: the first revolution
The second revolution
The third revolution
The Fourth Revolution: How the Information Circle Remodels Human Reality
A New Field of Educational Technology Development I. Instructional Design: From Media Editing to System Design
Second, teaching design: from school teaching to enterprise training
Third, teaching design: from independence to integration with performance technology
refer to
Textbooks for main courses of educational technology specialty
A brief introduction to the requirements of undergraduate students majoring in educational technology in the 1980s
Requirements for undergraduates majoring in educational technology in 1990s
Requirements for undergraduates majoring in educational technology in the new century
Basic concepts of educational technology
Visual education of the development history of educational technology
audiovisual education
Audio-visual communication
educational technology
The Development of Educational Technology in China
Modern educational technology
Comparison between AECT94 definition and 2004 definition
Characteristics of educational technology
The Relationship between Educational Technology and Modern Educational Ideas
The relationship between educational technology and educational development: the first revolution
The second revolution
The third revolution
The Fourth Revolution: How the Information Circle Remodels Human Reality
New fields of educational technology development
1. Instructional design: from media compilation to system design II. Instructional design: from school teaching to enterprise training III. Teaching design: from independence to integration of performance technology references, educational technology majors, main course textbooks, and introduction of requirements for undergraduates majoring in educational technology.
In the 1980s, undergraduates majoring in educational technology asked them to start reading books related to educational technology in the 1990s.
In this section, edit the basic concepts of educational technology.
Among the definitions of "educational technology" at present, the definition of "educational technology" published by the American Society for Educational Communication and Technology (AECT) 1994 has a great influence. The discussion on the definition of educational technology in China is quite rich. China Audio-visual Education and Educational Technology Research have published almost all the papers on the definition of educational technology by important domestic scholars. AECT 94 Definition: Teaching technology is the theory and practice about the design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of learning resources and learning process. Educational technology is the theory and practice about the design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of learning process and learning resources. This definition expresses the research object of educational technology as a series of theoretical and practical problems about "learning process" and "learning resources", which changes the previous formulation of "teaching process" and reflects the great change of modern teaching concept from teaching-centered to learning-centered, from imparting knowledge to developing students' learning ability. Learning process is a cognitive process in which learners acquire knowledge and skills through interaction with information and environment. Learning resources are all kinds of information and environmental conditions to be used in the learning process. The new teaching theory requires students to change from passive recipients of external stimuli to active learners who can actively process information, and teachers should provide information resources and learning environment that can help and promote students' learning. Starting from the needs of social development and human development in the 2/kloc-0 century, we should build a social education system that can support comprehensive learning, autonomous learning, collaborative learning, creative learning and lifelong learning. On February 25th, 2004, the Ministry of Education issued the Standards of Educational Technology Competence for Primary and Secondary School Teachers (Trial), which is the first professional competence standard for primary and secondary school teachers in China. The standard defines educational technology as the theory and practice of realizing the optimization of education and teaching through the design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of teaching and learning processes and related resources by using various theories and technologies.
In this section, the history of educational technology development is edited.
American educational technology is the earliest, its development is clear and complete, and it has the greatest influence in the world.
For example, Japan, Britain, Canada and other countries have borrowed the theoretical model of educational technology from the United States, and Britain and the United States can be typical representatives of studying the history of educational technology development. The formation and development of American educational technology can be traced back to three aspects: first, the audio-visual teaching movement promoted the use of various learning resources in teaching; Secondly, personalized teaching promotes the formation of learner-centered personalized teaching; Thirdly, the development of teaching system method promotes the birth of instructional design as the core of educational technology theory. These three aspects have different origins, but they all follow the development track of "visual teaching-audio-visual teaching-audio-visual communication-educational technology".
Visual education
The term visual education was first used by a publishing company in Pennsylvania, USA, 1906. It published a book about how to take photos, how to make and use slides, and its title was Visual Education. 65438-0923, the American Education Association established the Visual Education Branch.
audiovisual education
In the second half of 1930s, radio broadcasting, audio movies and tape recorders were used in education one after another, and people became interested in books related to educational technology.
The name of audio-visual education can't summarize the existing practice, and the term of audio-visual education is used in this paper. From 65438 to 0947, the Visual Education Branch of the American Education Association was renamed the Audio-visual Teaching Branch. Among many researches on audio-visual education, the representative one is "Audio-visual Teaching Methods" written by E. Dale in 1946. The "tower of experience" theory put forward in this book became the main theoretical basis of audio-visual education at that time and later.
Audio-visual communication
From 65438 to 0960, the American Audiovisual Education Association formed a special committee to discuss what audiovisual education is. 1963 In February, the Committee submitted a report, suggesting that the name of audio-visual education be changed to audio-visual communication, and gave a detailed explanation. In addition, many articles and works about audio-visual education tend to use communication as the theoretical basis of audio-visual education.
educational technology
Due to the development of media technology and the innovation of theoretical concepts, the international education community deeply feels that the original name of audio-visual education cannot be books related to educational technology.
Representing the field of practice and research, on June 25th, 1970, the American Audiovisual Education Association was renamed as the Association of Educational Communication and Technology (AECT). 1972, the association officially named its practice and research field as educational technology. After the name of educational technology was determined, people began to explore its definition. 1970 in the report to the editor-in-chief and congress, the educational technology Committee, a professional advisory body of the U.S. government, pointed out: "Educational technology is a systematic method to design, implement and evaluate the whole process of learning and teaching based on the study of human learning and communication and by using the combination of human and non-human resources."
Edit this passage about the development of educational technology in China.
The earliest educational technology in China is mainly the development and application of audio-visual technology and other technical means in education, which is what we usually call audio-visual education means. The form of distance education with radio, television and satellite as the main body has promoted the teaching of books related to educational technology.
Some changes in the methods of weaving, learning and teaching. In the middle and late 1980s, the continuous maturity and progress of computer network technology and communication technology brought about the rapid development of information dissemination technology and the revolution of educational technology and even educational methods. All countries in the world regard rejuvenating the country through science and education as an important measure, and attach unprecedented importance to the development of educational technology, which is regarded as the driving force of educational development and national development. The United States has invested $565,438+0,998 to enable every citizen to use information technology for lifelong learning. When Clinton was president, he proposed that in 2000, 0/1,000% schools in the United States must be connected to the internet, so that the United States can become an advanced country with "people, machines, roads and networks" from primary school to university. The German Minister of Education Alegre announced in 1998 that the development plan of educational technology will focus on the application of multimedia teaching and the improvement of microcomputer operation level. Malaysia has established a "Multimedia Super Corridor", which makes education informatization reach the international level. Following the Opinions on Strengthening Educational Technology Work in Colleges and Universities issued by the Ministry of Education, China issued the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening Educational Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way in June 199, which put forward a more clear task for the development of educational informationization and modernization of teaching means: vigorously improve the modernization level of educational technology and means and improve the degree of educational informationization. Minister Chen Zhili once stressed: "We should deeply understand the important position of modern educational technology in education and teaching and the necessity and urgency of its application;" Fully understanding the application of modern educational technology is the requirement of modern science and technology and social development for education; This is the need of educational reform and development. "Educational technology is moving from the edge of educational reform to the center, and its position and role in the education system are unprecedented.
Edit this modern educational technology
Highlighting "modernity" is reflected in: (1) paying more attention to topics related to modern science and technology; (2) Make full use of many modern scientific and technological achievements as the media to disseminate educational information and books related to educational technology.
Provide a rich material foundation for education; (3) Absorbing scientific and systematic thinking methods to make educational technology more characteristic of the times, more scientific and systematic. Educational technology and teaching media Teaching book language experimental system Traditional educational media Modern educational media Blackboard physical specimen model Newspapers, books, materials, charts, pictures, wall charts Audio-visual media slide projection, audio and video recording Educational technology related books.
[1] TV movie CD VCD camera system integrated media microteaching system CAI system multimedia computer satellite receiving education media network mobile phone wireless broadband network In the process of human civilization, the development and progress of various technologies have played an inestimable role in human society. In particular, the invention of printing made it possible to spread knowledge across time and space. The development of audio-visual media such as slide show, silent film, audio film, radio, television and projection has greatly improved the quality and efficiency of knowledge dissemination. With the human society stepping into the information society, the information technology represented by multimedia technology and network technology has the functions of memory storage, high-speed operation, logical judgment, automatic operation and so on, as well as signals, languages, characters, sounds, graphics and so on. The integration of animation, video and other media information makes human learning of knowledge enter the stage of three-dimensional communication. Modern educational technology shows the trend of integration of audio-visual technology and computer technology, digitization of signal processing, storage of information CD-ROM, and intelligentization of teaching process, which enables educatees all over the world to learn independently at any time and acquire the most advanced and excellent culture in the world quickly and conveniently.
Edit this paragraph to compare the AECT94 definition with the 2004 definition.
1. The definition of educational technology AECT94: It is the theoretical and practical research to promote the design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of related resources and processes. Books related to educational technology.
2. Definition of educational technology AECT2004: Educational technology is the creation, use and management of appropriate technological processes and resources. Research on promoting learning, improving performance and moral practice. 3. Description of this definition: (1) The concept name of the definition is "educational technology", not "educational technology". (2) There are two fields of educational technology: "research" and "ethical practice". (3) Educational technology has dual purposes: "promoting learning" and "improving performance". (4) Educational technology can be divided into three categories: creation, use and management. Compared with the definition of AECT94, it is equivalent to integrating the five categories in the definition of 94 into the definition of 2004. Change the category of "utilization" in the definition of "94" to a simpler word "use"; Change the two categories of "management" and "evaluation" in the definition of "94" into one category of "management". (5) Educational technology has two major objects: process and resource, which are different from the "learning process" and "learning resources" in the definition of "94". In the definition of 2004, there is a qualifier before "process" and "resource".
(1) Expand the research scope of educational technology from the teaching field to the enterprise performance field; (2) It is clearly stated for the first time that the practice of educational technology should meet the requirements of moral norms; (3) "Creation" is regarded as one of the three categories in the field of educational technology for the first time, emphasizing the innovation of educational technology; (4) The study of general teaching process and teaching resources is limited to the study of "appropriate technical process and resources", highlighting professional characteristics and work priorities. 5. This definition also has some shortcomings. First, it is limited to the social and cultural background and industry background of the United States, emphasizing the practicality and stipulation of the definition, and the understanding of the essence of educational technology is not deep enough; Secondly, it is necessary to emphasize the ethics of educational technology practice within a certain range, but we should pay attention to avoid overcorrection.
Edit the characteristics of educational technology in this paragraph.
The connection between educational technology and modern educational ideas The concept of learning society is not only a prediction of the future development direction of human society, but also an ideal and goal of human future development, including the challenges that human beings pose to their own future social development. The concept of lifelong learning is essentially a concept put forward on the basis of integrating the concepts of lifelong education and learning society, covering the basic ideas of lifelong education and learning society. Therefore, the concept of lifelong learning should include three basic connotations and extensions: first, lifelong learning must have the premise of a learning society, that is, society must provide learning conditions and opportunities for people's lifelong learning; Second, this kind of learning can't be an ultimate way of learning, but a lifelong way of learning, which lasts a lifetime; Third, lifelong learning must also require breaking the monopoly of an educational institution on education, and must realize the learning scene of education everywhere in society.