In order to compete for the leadership of Northeast Europe, Russia and Sweden fought many wars. In A.D. 1698, Tsar Peter embarked on his first trip to Western Europe.
He crossed Berlin and came to Holland and England. When he was a child, Peter rowed a homemade boat in the pond of his father's country house and almost drowned. However, until the last moment of his life, he had a soft spot for water. He turned this enthusiasm into a more practical way, that is, to open a road to the sea for inland Russia.
When this unpopular and reckless young ruler was far away from home, a group of supporters of old Russian customs gathered in Moscow in an attempt to overthrow his reform. Peter had to go back to China because of the sudden mutiny of Streetz cavalry of the Royal Guard. Peter appointed himself as the chief executive, hanged streeter, dismembered his body, and executed all the soldiers in the Corps one by one.
Peter's sister Sophia, the chief culprit of the rebellion, was imprisoned in a monastery, and Peter's rule was finally consolidated.
17 16 years, Peter set foot on a trip to Europe for the second time, and the same scene appeared again. The rebellion was initiated by Alexis, a silly son of Peter. The czar once again rushed back to Russia without stopping. Alexis was killed alive in his cell, and other supporters of the old Byzantine tradition who made trouble were exiled to a lead mine in Siberia thousands of miles away, which was their final destination. Since then, the rebellion has never happened again.
Until his death, Peter was able to carry out reforms smoothly.
It is difficult for us to list the reforms carried out by Peter in chronological order. The tsar is a determined man, and reform is not about discipline.
He promulgated many laws, which were too fast to keep up with the records. In Peter's view, everything that happened before the reform seems to be wrong. Therefore, Russia must transform in the shortest possible time.
After Peter died, he left behind a well-trained army. This unit consists of 200,000 troops and 50 warships. The old management system disappeared overnight. The Duma and the aristocratic parliament were also dissolved and replaced by an advisory Committee around the tsar, composed of state officials, called the Senate.
Russia is divided into eight administrative regions, also known as provinces. Construction is going on all over the country, and towns have mushroomed. As long as the tsar is satisfied, factories can be set up anywhere, regardless of local raw materials.
The canals were dug up one by one, and the coal mines in the eastern mountainous areas began to operate. In this illiterate land, schools, higher education institutions, universities, hospitals and vocational training schools have been established. Dutch shipbuilders, businessmen and artists from all over the world were attracted to Russia.
Printing houses have been set up one after another, and all books must be given to royal officials to read first. The new code describes in detail the responsibilities and obligations of all social classes. The legal provisions of the whole civil and criminal law system have also been printed into series.
The royal family banned traditional Russian costumes, and the police watched every intersection with scissors in their hands. All Russian climbers with long hair became clean Western Europeans.
In religion, the czar will never allow his power to be divided. He will never allow the confrontation between the European Pope and the emperor to appear in Russia.
172 1 year, Peter made himself the leader of the Russian church. The Archbishop of Moscow was abolished and the Religious Committee became the highest authority to handle the internal affairs of the church.