Original link: /p/a5482 1720799
Jean Jacques Russo was a thinker, famous writer and educator during the French Enlightenment in the18th century. However, what interests me about Mr Rousseau is not these dazzling titles, but his legendary life experience. Greatness and mediocrity seem to be a pair of contradictions, but in fact they happened to Rousseau, and they complement each other.
At the same time, Montesquieu, an enlightenment thinker, had his own manor, Voltaire's family had great wealth, and Diderot was born in a rich family, only Rousseau was a civilian. Rousseau was born in a watchmaker's family in Geneva, but his mother died and his father was soon forced to leave his hometown. Rousseau, his uncle and his cousins were sent to ——Bousse, a nearby village, where they studied Latin and other subjects. This was the only formal education Rousseau received in his life.
? Rousseau recalled this period in Confessions: "Country life is so fresh and interesting that I never got tired of it and never lost my enthusiasm for it. The wonderful time I spent there in my memory filled my heart with nostalgia for rural life and the fun it brought me for the rest of my life. " Rousseau's words made me feel the same way. I spent several years in the countryside when I was a child. A simple and free life is very important for my later character development. When I think about it, it always smells sweet. I think it is precisely because of Mr. Rousseau's experience that he laid a certain foundation for attaching great importance to nature education later.
In his educational masterpiece Emile, Emile's childhood was arranged in the countryside. ? When reviewing his life, Mr. Rousseau once lamented: "My birth cost my mother her life, and my birth was also the first of my countless misfortunes."
? After a wonderful childhood, Mr. Rousseau walked into "misfortune". 13 years old to 15 years old, apprenticed in a tyrannical sculptor's shop and suffered a lot. Two years later, he left his hometown, converted to Catholicism, and was taken in by Mrs. De Warren. Later, I ran away several times and came to France to start a long-term wandering life. After Paris became famous, his sufferings didn't end there, because he didn't like the extravagance and flattery of the upper class and had the burden of friendship. Coupled with illness, friends turned against each other and being framed by the authorities, Mr. Rousseau's situation in his later years was even more bleak.
The success of great men is not a fluke, let alone an overnight fame. Influenced by his father since childhood, Mr. Rousseau has a "rare interest" in reading. No matter during his apprenticeship, wandering life, or even when he was sick, he never stopped.
? He read widely, from the classics of ancient Greece and Rome to the contemporary enlightenment works, from literature, history, philosophy and music to mathematics, astronomy and geography, with strong interest. As for how to read, he has his own set of practices. "Every time you read a person's work, you make up your mind to follow the author's thinking completely, without adding your own point of view, without arguing with the author, first store some ideas in your mind, and then compare and choose when your brain is full. I have done this for several years and accumulated quite a wealth of knowledge, and I can think independently on this basis. "
? It can be seen that Rousseau realized that reading can't work hard when he was young, but combined reading with thinking, and gradually formed his own thinking and understanding while understanding other people's thoughts and existing knowledge. It is precisely because of this that Mr. Rousseau became a cultural giant with his own gradual accumulation. ?
? As a world-famous educational thinker, Mr. Rousseau has to mention his masterpiece Emile. Emile is a philosophical novel expressing educational thoughts, which describes the whole process of a person from birth to marriage, and then to entering the society to receive education. The most classic sentence in Rousseau's Nature Education is: Everything that comes from the creator's hand is good, and once it reaches the creator's hand, it is bad. He divided the training process of natural persons into four stages: infancy, childhood, adolescence and adolescence, and stipulated that the education in each stage should focus on physical education, sensory organ training, intellectual education, labor education and moral education.
? He particularly emphasized children's physical education and sensory education, which are the basis of children's development. It requires parents and teachers not to interfere with children's free activities at will and not to impose their wishes on children. In terms of intellectual education, he especially put forward the viewpoint of negative education, arguing that children should not be given too much intellectual education when their rationality has not yet developed. In terms of educational methods, Rousseau emphasizes stimulating children's interest in learning and emphasizing physics and intuitive teaching, which coincides with the requirements of modern educational methods.
? In my humble opinion, the highlight of Rousseau's educational thought is to emphasize the importance of children's early life and education. In Confessions, he recalled his childhood many times, all filled with nostalgia, which was one of the few happy times in his unfortunate life. On the other hand, modern children have been burdened with heavy schoolwork since childhood, and the high hopes of teachers and parents are like a shackle, so it is inevitable for children to grow up with heavy burdens. Obviously, this goes against the theory of "natural education".
? In Mr. Rousseau's account of his childhood experience, two things impressed me deeply and caused me to think. Once at the priest's house, the master thought Rousseau had broken a comb and admonished him. Rousseau felt extremely wronged, angry and disappointed. Mr. Rousseau later said in Confessions that this unfair treatment made him no longer love and respect the priest as before, leaving a serious trauma to his young mind. I think that teachers or parents must be very cautious when dealing with children's "mistakes". If there is no conclusive evidence, please choose to trust the child.
? The second thing happened when Rousseau was an apprentice, and he got into the bad habit of stealing. At first, Rousseau felt a little guilty in his mind, but with the coming of punishment, he began to feel that stealing was not a bad thing as long as he accepted the punishment, and even his initial sense of shame was gone. I think children are developing people, and there is no clear concept of right and wrong, good and evil in their minds. The patient guidance of adults is essential. Punishment should also be used with caution.
? Attracted by Rousseau's thoughts and talents, his personal charm is beyond doubt. He said: "when a person only wants to make a living, his thoughts are hard to be noble." He felt that writing for bread would soon kill and destroy his talent. Jean Jacques Rosso, a great and ordinary man. In his inscription, he introduced himself as follows: it is the son of nature and the son of truth who sleeps here.
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It is suggested that friends who want to read Rousseau read his autobiography "Confessions" first, and then read "Emile". Knowing a person's experience makes it easier to understand his thoughts.