American psychologist Bandura is dissatisfied with the viewpoint of extreme behaviorism, and after absorbing the viewpoint of cognitive learning theory, he forms a cognitive-behaviorism model. Formed a very distinctive social learning theory.

1. Reciprocal determinism

Bandura opposes environmental determinism and individual determinism. He believes that individuals, environment and behavior are mutually determined factors, and their influence is mutual. Emphasize the interaction of behavior, cognition and environment in the process of social learning.

2. Observe and learn

Social cognitive learning theory divides learning into participatory learning and alternative learning. Participatory learning refers to learning by doing and experiencing the consequences of actions. In fact, it is learning by doing. Alternative learning, also known as observational learning, means that by observing others and their reinforcement results, a person obtains some new reactions or corrects the original behavioral reactions, and in this process, the learner, as an observer, has no explicit operation.

(1) types of observation learning

① Direct observation learning: it is a simple imitation of demonstration behaviors, such as most of children's imitation behaviors.

(2) abstract observation learning: refers to the observation of others' behaviors by observers, so that they can show some similar behaviors according to these rules or principles.

(3) Creative observation learning: refers to the observer's new combination of behavior characteristics of different role models, thus forming a brand-new behavior model.

(2) Observe the learning process

① Attention process: that is, the process in which the observer notices and perceives the situation of the example.

(2) Retention process: that is, the observer remembers the behavior learned from the example situation, and characterizes, codes and stores it in memory in the form of representation and speech.

(3) Replication process: the observer transforms the representation and symbolic concept of the sample scene into explicit behavior.

④ Motivation process: that is, the observer is rewarded for expressing the observed behavior.

3. Enhance classification

(1) direct reinforcement

Observers are strengthened by observing behavior.

(2) Replacing steel bars

Observers are strengthened because they see the behavior of role models strengthened.

(3) Self-reinforcement

People can observe their own behavior and judge according to their own standards, so as to strengthen or punish themselves.