"kindness, inspection, dare not for the first in the world. It is the basic core of Laozi's educational thought and the teaching core of sage education. ?
Kindness is the love of the closest person. Love for others is the basic core of any religion and education. Confucius stresses benevolence, Mozi stresses universal love, Sakyamuni stresses compassion, Jesus stresses love, and Laozi stresses kindness. "Benevolence, universal love, compassion, love and kindness" are different in argument and practice, but they all point to "loving others" except themselves.
Therefore, any noble religion, philosophy and education of mankind cannot be without the basic core of "goodness". Any religion, philosophy or education that does not take "goodness" as its basic core is bound to deviate from human nature and has no positive value to mankind in the world.
"Test" is an open test to seek truth, not a closed test to test other people's thinking with arbitrary truth; This is also the biggest difference between open education and closed religion. School education definitely emphasizes "inspection". Writing mathematics needs to be checked, reading English needs to be tested, learning philosophy needs to be tested, doing science needs to be verified, and even trying to follow the truth in daily life. These are all inspection tests.
Without censorship, education can only be the transmission of established prejudices and brainwashing that imprisons people's hearts, rather than open education. Therefore, "censorship" is an important core of open education and the most prominent feature of education.
"Dare not be the best in the world" simply means dare not be the boss. This is the free thought that the country, the nation and everyone are equal. The educational core of "not daring to be the first in the world" ensures the effectiveness of educational knowledge-seeking activities and enables mankind to realize an equal and free society. Let the effectiveness of knowledge-seeking activities not become a tool and ability for individuals to pursue power.
Laozi takes "being virtuous and carrying things, but not daring to be the first in the world." As the core of educational thought, it lasted for 2500 years. It provides an extremely accurate prescription for the inaccuracy of the current educational core, the deviation of educational vision and various educational chaos.
Explain the feasibility of the application of Laozi's educational thought in today's society.
(1) Introduction
Education can affect the strength of national strength and the level of culture; The success of education depends on the strategies of excellent educators, and the perfection and feasibility of educational ideas are often the factors that determine educators to achieve ideal results. Therefore, all over the world, even in international seminars, as long as the theme of education is involved, "educational thought" will inevitably become a hot topic that experts and scholars compete to publish, hoping to get inspiration from it, formulate perfect goals and implement feasible methods. Therefore, teachers, educators and educational ideas are closely related. Even so, the success or failure of education depends on "educational thought".
As the saying goes, "there is no immutable law in the world", but the truth is always the truth, lasting forever, such as "where there is gathering, there will be dispersion" and "where there is life, there will be death"; In economics, as long as there is a market, a commodity is bound to be popular. As far as national policies are concerned, changing policies through legislation is never as thorough and effective as the subtle influence of education. Li Er (Lao Zi) was born in an era when the world was in chaos and other countries were juxtaposed. When the vassal was fighting for hegemony and showing off his disability, he had great ambition to help the country and the people. If he makes remarks that are harmful to vested interests, he will be accused. Therefore, Laozi adopted the strategy of hiding but not promoting, being empty but not real, but it achieved results and prevailed for a period of time.
Laozi's educational thought, although it was in the pre-Qin period, is also in line with the present world. At present, Hong Kong is rich in environmental material resources and there are many places for consumption. In addition, the public loves metaphysical material life, but regards metaphysical spiritual life as inferior culture. And how can students who are studying distinguish right from wrong and be immune to it? At this time, it seems to be effective for excellent students if the teacher clearly announced at the beginning that students should abandon the enjoyment advocated by young people at present and devote themselves to reading despised by the public. However, it is difficult for people with inferiority complex. Therefore, I personally think that if we adopt Laozi's subtle methods, we can achieve effective results in teaching.
(2) Cultivating teachers' ideal personality
Laozi's educational thought ensures that students can keep their pure nature, not be tempted by external material desires, and not be overwhelmed by their own desires, thus endangering society and disturbing the world. To achieve this goal, teachers need to have rich knowledge, flexible skills, meticulous thinking and sacrifice spirit.
"Without Shang Xian, let the people contend" and "Tao Te Ching"? Chapter 3:
And those who flaunt their excellent academic performance (for example, the results of the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination are released every year, and the media only reports that the behavior of "No.1 scholar" has begun to be criticized by the public); In this way, students will not be complacent or feel inferior, so as not to affect their stagnation in studying in Germany.
"Don't be arrogant, don't be arrogant, don't be arrogant." Chapter 22;
"The fate is not awkward, straight but not arrogant, and the light does not flash" "Chapter 58":
When a person is going forward bravely, he should leave room. This kind of cultivation, which does not boast merit, has little self-esteem, is angular and not stinging, honest and not arrogant, and has the honor of not shining people, will be respected by students and admired by peers. This so-called "musk deer is naturally fragrant", why force it?
Investigation of Xu Xuan, chapter 10;
"Never leave home, know the world, see the light of day. Far away, but I know very little. " Chapter 47:
Eliminate distractions, observe carefully, rely on knowledge, put yourself in or substitute it, and think quietly. Although you face many problems, you can solve them without leaving home. If you refuse to think, your knowledge will be limited.
"Practice in the body ... practice at home ... so look at your body and your home ..." Chapter 54:
This observation, which excludes people's feelings about the historical view through personal experience and in-depth thinking, is more credible, and it is also more objective to observe others from the self after experiencing Xiu De. If we use the method of combining pros and cons again, and analyze it from different angles or even opposite angles, we will be comprehensive! Only in this way can we win the support of students. In the case of unkindness, we should also choose words that are pertinent, appropriate, accurate and to the point, so as to avoid ambiguity and irrelevance, which will certainly be welcomed by the students.
The second chapter is based on the premise that saints do nothing, teach without words, and act without beginning; "I am good for the good, I am good for the evil, and I am good for the virtuous; I believe those who believe, I believe those who don't, and I am sincere. " Chapter 49 ";" Truth can be known,but it may not be the well-known truth The first chapter; "It is better to keep a few words than to be poor." Chapter V ";" The knower does not speak, and the speaker does not know. Chapter 56: Today's society advocates "teaching by example is more important than teaching by words", and educators must set an example. Education is not empty talk, and the effect of education depends on subtle influence; It is especially effective if it is applied to tutoring teaching. So some so-called stubborn students have actually failed many times. Therefore, whenever they encounter difficulties, they will open the "protective net" and form a stubborn character-unwilling to compromise. At this time, even if they are persuaded, it is difficult to achieve results. On the contrary, if you go with nature and talk less, the chances of students being accepted will greatly increase. "Learning is getting worse and worse, and Tao is getting worse and worse, leading to inaction." Chapter 48 ":
Engaged in academic research, as long as you work hard, you will benefit every day. However, if teachers work hard to correct homework, prepare lessons and help students, it goes without saying that leisure time and entertainment time are all used for teaching, because only in this way can they be called wholeheartedly devoted to teaching, and if so, their distractions and extravagant hopes will naturally be reduced. Is it worth it? Opinions vary! Try to look at foreign candles. Why not burn yourself to "shine on others"?
(3) Let students understand the learning methods.
Laozi believes that the biggest sin of people is indulgence, the biggest harm is not being satisfied, and the biggest mistake is not being satisfied. Today, these arguments are inappropriate. Students are also human beings, so the study time is naturally replaced by pleasure. At this time, teachers should skillfully analyze students' correct goals and attitudes in learning. After the completion of the effect will be like "colored paper is difficult to color, white paper is not the same" difference.
"Be simple and selfish." Chapter 19 ":
The fairest measure of the creator is to give everyone 24 hours a day and use it at will. Teachers should imply that if a person spends most of his time on pleasure, he will not achieve much in his career. Similarly, if you want to do well in school, you should spend more time-that is, work hard, but also control or reduce your personal desires, so that you can concentrate on completing one thing, which can be called a meaningful and fruitful thing.
"Willing to eat, clothing, living and enjoying its customs" (Chapter 80);
The reason why students are difficult to teach is that they can't find a solution after many failures and lose interest because of boredom. Teachers should look for their interested subjects with students through observation, so that students can live on campus again, which can not only solve the problem students, but also realize happy teaching. "If you have your mother, you can understand your son. If you have your son, you can keep your mother. You are not in danger.
Chapter 52: Middle school education is universal education. If you invest too much, it will not be beautiful, and there will even be deviation or obsession. If you want to develop professionally, you can enter a university or college in the future. When a student loves a certain subject, such as physical education class, the teacher can guide the students to study physical education class-related issues, such as the name of the action and how to call it in English. Guide slowly to improve your interest in learning English.
"I don't see myself, so I know, so I'm unnatural, so I show myself, so I don't cut myself, so I take the initiative, so I'm not proud, so I grow up." Chapter 22 ":
Most people like to show off their achievements, especially students. In order to get ahead among their peers, they do not hesitate to innovate and cultivate a sense of competition. At this time, it can be implied that there is no merit and no selflessness. Doesn't this theory of "full loss and moderate profit" apply to today's teaching?
"So, a good person is not a good teacher, but a bad person is the capital of a good person. He is not expensive as a teacher and does not like the capital of a teacher, although he is a big fan of wisdom." Chapter 27 ":
Doing things and studying are often two-in-one things. A person with unsatisfactory grades should learn, imitate and be influenced by a person with excellent grades-a good person is not a good teacher. Society is changing with each passing day, and knowledge is constantly innovating. Even people with excellent grades should improve their methods with the times in order to make progress-people who are not good at being people are good at being people. This research method of attaching importance to teachers' experience and drawing lessons from predecessors is certainly feasible in today's teaching.
(D) effective use of teaching methods
In today's era of material abundance and hedonism, it is almost like trying to get rid of the present and concentrate on learning. However, proper methods can achieve the effect of bringing order out of chaos; Now try to find one or two things from Laozi's educational thought: "inaction, inaction, tasteless." "Chapter 13";
"Lao Zhangzi, there are many thieves here ... I have done nothing and divorced from the people, so I have quietly divorced from the people." Chapter 57 "Nowadays, teachers can only do things with the mentality of" Tao is natural "and" saints are impermanent ",and they can't interfere with students' natural learning. They want to "help the nature of all things and dare not do it" like water. "Chapter 47"; No pretense, no interference, no force, no compulsion on students, but haste makes waste, which will only bring bad consequences. "Avenue waste, benevolence and wisdom, there is a big holiday.
. Chapter 18:
Schools are institutions that cultivate academics. It must have a simple style of study in order to cultivate outstanding talents. Only in this way can it be easily recognized by students. Learning in this fair, reasonable and feasible environment can achieve something. Naturally, there is no need to use other achievements to improve the status of yourself or the school.
"Born in the old way, born in Germany, born in long education; The poison of the pavilion is covered. " Chapter 51 "is always good at saving people, so I didn't give up;" Always good at saving things, so there is no abandonment, which is called attacking Ming.
"Born in the old way, born in Germany, born in long education; The poison of the pavilion is covered. " Chapter 51 "is always good at saving people, so I didn't give up;" Always good at saving things, so there is no abandonment, which is called attacking Ming. "Chapter 27";
"Therefore, things are born, or blown, or strong or victorious, or frustrated or defeated. Chapter 29: Lao Tzu's so-called equal opportunity for everyone to receive education is the purpose of implementing nine-year compulsory education in Hong Kong. It is also one of the professional codes for Hong Kong teachers to care for and educate all school-age children. However, with different levels of students, individual differences are inevitable. Forcibly adopting a "one size fits all" approach will only lead to jealousy, hostility, cunning fraud, hypocrisy and other ills. Therefore, Laozi advocates adopting different standards according to different degrees. This method has actually been implemented in individual remedial classes and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Heaven, the damage is more than enough, but the strength is insufficient.
. Chapter 77: The feasibility is extremely high, and many schools have adopted it. For example, in the history review room in China, students with better grades help students with lower grades, and students guide students, which has fewer barriers and is easy to communicate. Those with poor grades will certainly make progress, and senior students can also learn from each other.
"Want to consolidate; If you want it to be weak, you must consolidate it; If you want to abolish it, you must consolidate it. "
. "Chapter 36";
"It is difficult to make a painting simple because it is more important than its details. All the difficulties in the world will be solved, and all the major events in the world will be solved. " Chapter 63 ":
Laozi's theory that students are encouraged to manage and learn by themselves, and teachers only play an auxiliary role in order to give full play to students' talents and initiative, and that learning should be from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, from easy to small, from budding to ominous, is useless and outdated. "Against the movement of Tao." Chapter 40 ":
The law of repeated movements back and forth, if applied to teaching, will certainly deepen students' impression of problems or things.
(v) Conclusion
Laozi's thought is full of wisdom. Even after thousands of years, his educational thought still has the significance of the times. Although he didn't have the teaching discourses of Confucius, Mencius and Mozi, the "teaching without words" achieved its educational purpose through implicit, indirect and subtle teaching, and its ideological field can be said to be broader than other factions. However, due to the lack of specific elaboration, teachers should try to figure it out by themselves, learn from local materials, keep pace with the times, advocate that education should not be rushed, and let education develop according to natural laws. Only by not being bound by people's brilliant ethics, exploring and studying from different angles, not being persistent, and returning to a sincere and simple form can we successfully complete the education work.