How does ETS score?
According to the fourth edition of TOEFL official guide, the full score of reading part is 30. This is a "scale score". The score before adjustment is called "original score", and the full score of the original score is 45 points.
The ETS scoring process of TOEFL reading is:
1. Judge the correctness of the candidate's answer and get the "original score".
2. Adjust the "original score" by statistical method, which may be high or low.
3. Convert the adjusted "original score" according to the pre-established conversion standard to get the final score.
The reason why ETS adjusts the "original score" is because the difficulty of each exam topic is different. If an exam topic is difficult, it will easily lead to a general low "original score"; On the contrary, it remains the same. In the long run, it will undermine the fairness of the exam and the effectiveness of the results.
ETS did not publish the process and principle of "adjustment", but only gave the conversion standard mentioned in the "third step" in the official guide (as shown in the following table).
Total original score
Scale fraction
45
30
44- 4 1
29
40
28
38- 37
27
36
26
35- 34
25
33
24
32
23
3 1
22
2 1
20
19
18
17
16
15
...
How to evaluate yourself?
For students preparing for the TOEFL test, TPO (TOEFL Online Practice) is the only reliable way to evaluate scores. TPO software that can be downloaded online generally has scoring function. So you only need to complete the mock exam according to the tips of the software, and you can get reading scores.
If you only have a paper version of TOEFL reading questions, you can evaluate them yourself. The specific steps are as follows:
1.60 minutes to complete a set of TOEFL reading questions (3 in total).
2. Compare your answer with the standard answer and correct it.
3 multiple-choice questions, each wrong question, 1 point.
4.6 choose 3 questions, all right, no penalty points;
Choose two options, 1 min;
Choose 1 option, or choose all wrong, 2 points.
The score of this question is 2 points.
1. Formal questions, all selected correctly, without deduction;
Select four options, 1 min;
Choose the right three options, 2 points;
Choose two options or less, 3 points.
The score of this question is 3 points.
Subtract the deducted score from the score of 2.45 to get the "original score".
3. Bring the "original score" into the above table and get the "adjusted score", which is the final score.
It is worth noting that the official guide mentions:
You should use your score estimation as a general guide. Your actual score in the TOEFL online test may be higher or lower than your score in the practice version.
In other words, whether the score obtained by using TPO software or the score obtained by doing the problem by yourself is only instructive; The real exam results may fluctuate.
After the grading standard, let's talk about the time allocation of TOEFL reading. TOEFL is an authoritative language proficiency test, and it is also a test against time.
ETS requires candidates to concentrate on reading three academic articles of about 700-750 words within 60 minutes, and to answer 12- 14 questions in each article. Such a task is not easy for anyone. It not only requires candidates to have a solid language foundation and flexible reading skills, but also requires candidates to plan their time reasonably and race against time in the exam.
60 minutes should be divided into three articles as evenly as possible.
The three articles encountered in the exam all have different difficulties. If the first article is particularly simple, you can certainly save some time for other chapters, but if your first article is particularly difficult, try to finish it within 20 minutes, so as not to have time to answer the following articles because the first article takes up too much time. If the article just behind is a simple and easy-to-score topic, wouldn't we lose a lot? The scores of difficult articles are not guaranteed, and the simple questions are not done before. This is called losing your wife and losing your soldiers.
Therefore, the default time limit for each article is 20 minutes, and then it will be arranged according to the actual situation. The principle is to give each article enough time to answer questions.
Time allocation method of 3- 15 plus 2
This time allocation varies from person to person and from text to text, for reference only.
1.3 minutes to grasp the framework of the article
Many students questioned that after reading the article for three minutes, they could not remember the content, so it was useless to do the questions directly. Some students think that they don't have enough time to answer questions, and three minutes is too precious to move out. This is a theory without time.
In fact, these three minutes determine our reading height, which can not only improve the speed of solving problems, but also improve the accuracy. This is a three-minute time with great value return.
How to quickly grasp the framework of the article in 3 minutes?
It's simple. Read the title, introduction and topic sentence of each paragraph and see the relationship between them.
The title gives the discussion object, the introduction gives the discussion angle, which is the main idea of the article. The main idea of each paragraph tells us how to discuss the main idea from several aspects. These contents are interlocking, just like reinforced concrete, giving us a framework of the house. With the frame, we can see the "forest", not just the "wood".
In three minutes, we can not only grasp the core theme of the article, its context trend, but also understand the author's "emotional color", laying the foundation for us to answer questions correctly and quickly in the next step, especially to solve the "theme".
After learning and mastering the reading method of the three-minute framework, many students feedback that you can choose the correct answer without going back to the article to read it carefully, because no matter whether you read it carefully or not, the main idea is there, and most questions will be aimed at or around the main idea, especially the final summary question or classification question, and the speed and accuracy of solving problems will have a qualitative leap. I hope you like it too.
2. 15 minutes to answer questions
We know that an article will have 12- 14 questions, so it is enough to ensure that the answering stage has 15 minutes or more.
At this stage, our reading order is to look at the questions first and then at the text. We need to examine the stem carefully first, and then go back to the corresponding paragraph for detailed reading according to the requirements of the stem.
Under normal circumstances, the stem will give us a big positioning, tell us the paragraph where the test center is located, and the specific test center position needs our own analysis, and then carry out accurate positioning. The process of answering questions is the process of constantly adding details, just like adding all kinds of furniture to a blank room.
3.2 minutes flexible control time
Try to control the time flexibly based on the following considerations:
1) The comprehension of reading increases with the increase of reading. Maybe when we answer the third question, our understanding of the article is still biased. Then it may be that the amount of reading has reached a certain level, and it will take time to change it in time.
2) Under normal circumstances, we suggest that candidates solve problems in order, because the emergence of test sites appears with the development of the article, but we occasionally encounter individual questions that are particularly time-consuming or particularly uncertain and hesitant, and we need to decide to choose an answer first. If we have flexible time afterwards, we will come back and think about it. Every question gets an equal score (except the last question), and it will be one point. Don't do it for this.
3) Because the computer test needs to manually click the Next button to give a question, occasionally students unconsciously click continuously, resulting in missing questions. At this time, we also need flexible time to make up in time;
4) Finally, I can give myself some time to adjust and prepare for the upcoming listening test. Reasonable allocation of time does not require everyone to strictly abide by the above allocation principles, but I hope that after mastering such reading ideas and order, you can explore the specific allocation principles that suit you, especially in the 15 minute answering time. It is necessary to know clearly which questions are time-consuming, which questions are chosen in seconds, and which questions are suitable for taking time (it takes time to get it right). Which topics are particularly useless to you (spending time is not necessarily right), don't spend too much time on topics that are not worth it, and you will definitely like topics that can bring you scores.
I hope everyone can have the concept of time management and make rational use of every minute on the warlike field.
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