On September 5th, 20 12, Liu Yandong, Vice Premier of the State Council (then State Councilor), put forward at the national teleconference on education informatization: during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we should take the construction of "three links and two platforms" as the starting point, that is, "connecting schools with broadband networks, connecting classes with high-quality resources, and connecting everyone with online learning space" to build a public service platform for education resources and education management.

Educational informatization is an important symbol to measure the educational development level of a country or region. To realize educational modernization, innovate teaching mode and improve educational quality, it is urgent to vigorously promote educational informatization. At present and in the future, we should vigorously promote the construction of "three links and two platforms", that is, broadband network school-to-school communication, high-quality resources class-to-class communication, online learning space for everyone, and build a public service platform for educational resources and education management. Strive to achieve four new breakthroughs, namely, the new breakthrough in the construction of educational information infrastructure, the new breakthrough in the co-construction and sharing of high-quality digital educational resources, the new breakthrough in the deep integration of information technology and education and teaching, and the new breakthrough in the scientific development mechanism of educational informationization.

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Experts talk about how to understand the connotation of "three links and two platforms"

20 15-06-08 waves

On September 5th last year, Vice Premier Liu Yandong (then State Councilor) proposed to build a public service platform for educational resources and education management during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, that is, "connecting schools with broadband networks, connecting classes with quality resources, and connecting everyone with online learning spaces". This is the core goal and landmark project of the current educational informatization construction. ?

Since then, # Three Links and Two Platforms # has become a very popular vocabulary in the field of educational informatization, and the construction climax of # Three Links and Two Platforms # has also been set off all over the country. ?

However, # three links and two platforms # is a new concept, which is not completely consistent with the previous concepts of "school-to-school communication" and "class-to-class communication". So what is the connotation of # Three Links and Two Platforms #? What is the standard? How to build # Three Links and Two Platforms #? There are all kinds of understandings and statements online and offline. ?

To learn and understand a certain spiritual essence, we must read the original work first, so # Three Links and Two Platforms # must do the same. Vice Premier Liu Yandong's speech at the national teleconference on education informatization was the first time to put forward the concept of "three links and two platforms", so this is a document that must be carefully studied. ?

In addition, before getting into the topic, I want to make a statement: I still stubbornly believe that the reference to # three links and two platforms # is mainly aimed at basic education and (secondary) vocational education, so what I will talk about later is the default in this respect; As for higher education (including higher vocational education), let me finally say what changes should be made if the past is to be introduced. ?

Today, let's talk about "broadband network school-to-school communication". ?

In fact, I personally think that "semi-communication" is the core project of # Three Links and Two Platforms #, and it is also the most difficult and critical task. Because I predict that at least in the next twenty years, class-based classroom teaching will be the mainstream mode of basic education. Classroom teaching is the key to improve the quality and efficiency of education and teaching and improve students' information literacy. What advanced teaching mode, such as "flip classroom", can be popularized in a large area, and it is not qualified in the short term. More importantly, the implementation of classroom teaching informatization ("class-to-class communication") has also laid the foundation for new teaching models such as "flipping the classroom" in the future. ?

In fact, in the fourth chapter of "Ten-year Development Plan of Education Informatization (20 12-2020)", narrowing the digital divide in basic education and promoting the sharing of quality education resources, the information application of education and teaching, especially the classroom teaching application, is very emphasized.

Promote the integration of information technology and teaching. Build an intelligent teaching environment, provide high-quality digital educational resources and software tools, use information technology to carry out heuristic, inquiry, discussion and participatory teaching, encourage developmental evaluation, explore the establishment of a new learner-centered teaching model, advocate online inter-school collaborative learning, and improve the level of information-based teaching. ?

I think this passage should be Banbantong's guiding description of high-quality resources-intelligent teaching environment, high-quality digital educational resources and software tools are all for teaching, and the main battlefield of current teaching is the classroom, which is the problem Banbantong has to solve, so Banbantong is the core and key task. ?

But "semi-communication" is also the most difficult task in the construction of # three links and two platforms #! ?

Why do you say that? When I was interviewed by a large-scale open online course in China Education Network magazine (see the blog post "Touching the trunk of a large-scale open online course"), I said: among the three functional levels of information technology reform education at present, the second level, that is, teacher teaching, is the most important level, and it is also the most difficult and challenging level, because its motivation is the weakest. The weakest ability-the overall level of basic education teachers' application of information technology in teaching is not high. For him, the investment (including time investment and capital investment) has increased sharply, but the performance is not good, and even the performance of exam-oriented education may be negative. In this case, how do you ask him to rush to the forefront of information-based teaching? ?

Therefore, I personally insist that solving this problem is what the government should make great efforts to do: truly reform the evaluation of education and teaching, and reverse the misleading of current performance orientation through policy guidance; Strengthen the construction and training of teachers' educational technology ability and improve the application level of teachers' information technology; Establish a good environment and mechanism to support teachers to carry out information-based teaching, including high-quality digital educational resources sharing mechanism, industrial development mechanism and support service mechanism, so that teachers can study how to introduce high-quality digital educational resources and software tools into teaching conveniently, safely and smoothly to improve teaching quality. ?

As for the development and construction work such as network construction, resource construction and system platform construction, it is best to establish a good operating mechanism to ensure that funds reach the market. Only by promoting the formation of a prosperous supporting market for educational informatization can the development of educational informatization in China embark on the road of real sustainable development. ?

When communicating with peers, I think many people are misled by this superficial text, thinking that "broadband network school-to-school communication" is only the networking of schools, and it is enough to connect the broadband of schools to the Internet, and classify the construction of multimedia classrooms as "class communication". In fact, this is typically misled by the literal meaning of the text and the previous "inter-school communication" and "class communication". ?

Vice Premier Liu Yandong made it very clear in his speech: promote "school-to-school broadband network" and improve the school education information infrastructure. In other words, the educational information infrastructure of the school is not only connected with broadband network, but also the construction content of "broadband network connected with the school". ?

This point was further clarified last year when Vice Minister Du Zhanyuan introduced the main points of education informatization in the past two years: "This year and next, we will strive to achieve a broadband access rate of more than 50% in primary and secondary schools, that is, about 80,000 to 65,438+10,000 new schools will be connected to broadband. At the same time, we will build a basic network teaching and learning environment on campus, mainly including classroom multimedia teaching equipment, and equip teachers with computers and access to broadband according to the proportion of teachers. " ?

As can be seen from the above information, the "broadband network school-to-school communication" at least includes the following contents: broadband network to school, networked teachers' computers, students' computers and multimedia classrooms. ?

In fact, I personally suggest that we should further expand the concept of "school-to-school communication"-the construction and application of software and hardware infrastructure of educational informatization based on "school", emphasizing "application". This is the original intention of "communication": "communication" is a verb, not just possession, but more importantly use. The specific ideas will be discussed tomorrow. ?

If we understand the # three links and two platforms from the perspective of "school-to-school communication-the construction and application of software and hardware infrastructure for school-based education informationization", we will actually be suddenly enlightened.

Broadband network school-to-school communication-the construction and application of software and hardware infrastructure for school-based education informatization, the current focus is to fundamentally solve campus broadband access; ?

Banbantong, a class-based education and teaching application, focuses on excavating more and better quality education resources for each class. ?

Online learning space is accessible to everyone--people-oriented teaching and learning based on information environment. At present, the focus is on promoting the reform of teaching methods and learning methods. ?

The "three links" here all emphasize application, that is, as I said earlier, the "communication" here is a verb, not just an adjective expressing the state, which is in line with the viewpoints of "strengthening the development and application of quality educational resources" and "strengthening the application of information technology" put forward in the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020). As for the "two platforms", it is the most important information public service platform that carries the "three links", which will be mentioned later. ?

According to this understanding, I suggest not to limit the evaluation of whether the "broadband network is up to standard" to the hardware infrastructure construction of the school education information environment, such as the number of school broadband network access, networked teachers' computers, students' computers, multimedia classrooms, etc. This is just its most basic content and static construction results; It is also necessary to examine the application of these infrastructures, such as the actual bandwidth usage and the number of hours per student using computers in a school year. In addition, it should also include the application of information technology in school-based education, such as whether the school's student status management function adopts information application system? The connotation of this aspect is very rich, such as school teaching management, student management, faculty management, teaching and research management, equipment asset management, financial management, collaborative office and so on. This is a relatively high requirement for "inter-school communication". I don't talk about the construction of these systems here, because I think this is the "two platforms" to solve, and I will talk about it later. ?

Yesterday, when it was said that "school-to-school communication" should include the information application of school affairs management, the teacher @ Lei Lei ·SJTU said to me: "For basic education, it is better to talk more about the application of teaching and learning. You can talk less about management. " I am convinced. Therefore, today we will talk about the application of preaching and learning-Banbantong, a high-quality resource. ?

Learn the original work first-Liu Yandong: Promote "quality resources for all classes" and speed up the construction and sharing of content. Strengthening software development, digging out more and better high-quality educational resources and updating them in real time are the key links of educational informatization. This year and next, we should focus on setting up national courses and building "three classrooms": one is "special delivery classroom", the other is "famous teacher classroom" and the third is "network classroom of famous schools". Strive to build all kinds of high-quality digital resources in three years and transport them to the whole country for those remote and poor children to share. ?

From Vice Premier Yandong's speech, it can be clearly seen that the focus of Banbantong is the application of teaching and learning, and three recommended application modes are defined. However, * * * is from a macro perspective, and all examples are from the general idea of balanced development of basic education. What can we do to achieve "class-to-class communication" when we arrive at specific schools and teachers? It is necessary to discuss it seriously, because for micro-schools and classes, whether they set up or participate in these three types of classrooms, they are all the standards of "quality resource class pass". ?

I think the promotion of Banbantong should go back to the understanding I mentioned yesterday: "Banbantong with high quality resources-the application of class-based education and teaching". It is necessary to explore the connotation of "inter-class communication" from the information support of all aspects of classroom teaching, including teacher's lesson preparation, teaching and classroom communication, homework and after-class communication, learning communication between students and even teaching and research communication between teachers. ?

We'll discuss the details tomorrow. ?

Specifically, in order to achieve the standard of "quality resources for all classes", I think we can do the following things:

1. Construction and utilization of digital education and teaching resources:?

This is something that everyone thinks should be done, but it has not been done well, and it seems that a solution to the problem has not been found?

Last year, after seeing the news of the opening of the National Public Service Platform for Educational Resources, I went in and looked at it. I thought it was a typical old bottled wine-nothing new. It looks good to build a platform and put a lot of resources into it. How many TB teaching resources are there? The question is what mechanism is used to provide resources and how to provide services? Who has the motivation to upload resources? Who has the initiative to acquire and use resources? ?

I went in and looked at several resources. From the perspective of an ordinary student's parents, I don't think my child (student) would like to see it, and I wouldn't ask her to see it as a parent. Will her teacher be interested in watching it? My feeling is not interested. If students, parents and teachers are not interested in seeing new teaching resources, what role can it play? ?

Sure enough, when I wrote this blog today, I went in and took a look. For half a year, it seems that the most downloaded teaching resources are hundreds of people. This is a national teaching resource service platform! Downloading hundreds of times is too bad! ?

At that time, I discussed this matter with one of my colleagues (the mother of primary school students). She said that she spent money to buy some courseware, which is the theme of Pleasant Goat, and her son loves to watch it! This shows that it is not impossible to make high-quality teaching resources that students love, but that the current mechanism does not encourage resource developers to become bigger and stronger and focus on the development of high-quality educational resources. ?

I also discussed the mechanism of spending money on services with the relevant leaders of the education administration department, because I always agree that government investment should not be directly used to hire people to do resources, but should be used to buy services for the use of resources, such as paying according to the download volume. However, according to the leaders of front-line departments, according to the current funding system, it is very risky to do so, and I have been told a lot of reasons why I can't say anything. However, I feel that if this mechanism cannot be changed and there is no innovative mechanism and operation mode, it will be difficult to exert the revolutionary influence of information technology on education. ?

Having said that, I still want to make some constructive suggestions: for local education administrative departments, it is the best policy to establish a co-construction and sharing mechanism of innovative resources in the region, and the middle policy is to organize teachers to select or buy some high-quality teaching resources suitable for use and recommend them to schools according to the actual situation in the region, and to set up a resource pool to package downloaded, purchased and self-built resources and control whether they are used, which is a last resort; For schools, organizing teachers to discuss how to use high-quality educational resources to carry out teaching with incentives, training teachers' basic IT skills, improving teachers' ability to apply digital resources and software tools, and selecting some suitable auxiliary resources to recommend to students and parents are all conducive to promoting the work of "high-quality resources for all classes". ?

Then let's talk about yesterday's topic again: traditional digital teaching resources mainly refer to courseware, and now they should include tools and software of various disciplines, such as "geometric sketchpad". In addition, I think all kinds of training software for secondary vocational education should also fall into this category. ?

2. Classroom teaching and exchange activities?

Here, of course, it refers to all kinds of teaching activities and exchange activities supported by information technology. I think this is the most important aspect of Banbantong. ?

First of all, teachers introduce all kinds of high-quality digital teaching resources into the classroom, including "special delivery classroom", "famous teacher classroom" and "famous network classroom". I don't need to say more about this, which can be classified as the first part "Construction and utilization of digital education and teaching resources". ?

Secondly, we can improve the teaching efficiency and quality by using new auxiliary teaching equipment, such as electronic whiteboard and wireless interactive equipment. ?

The third is to record the teaching process by using classroom recording equipment, which can be used for some students to review after class, and can also be used for observation among teachers and my own teaching reflection. ?

The fourth is to carry out classroom teaching evaluation, which can be not only the teaching evaluation of students to teachers, but also the teaching mutual evaluation between teachers or the teaching evaluation organized by schools. ?

Fifth, after-school teaching exchange and discussion, which can be either a question-and-answer discussion between teachers and students or an exchange and discussion between students. ?

In addition, for qualified schools, online assignments, online self-tests or online exams can be arranged and submitted. ?

Of course, it also belongs to this kind of service to spread the classroom through online course live broadcast or recording and broadcasting system. In fact, the source of "three classrooms" will use this service. ?

3. Teacher preparation service?

Information support for teachers' lesson preparation is a very important thing, which is of great significance for improving teachers' teaching level and quality. Personally, I think it is better to be classified as "Banbantong". ?

For the information support of teachers' lesson preparation, the first thing we can do is an intimate teaching material management, followed by the provision of lesson preparation tools, the third is collaborative lesson preparation support, and the fourth is collective lesson preparation management. I won't say more about the specific content, and leave it to professionals. ?

4. Teacher professional development service?

I think the information support of teachers' professional development can also be classified as "quality resource Banbantong". Chapter 4 "Promoting the Integration of Information Technology and Teaching" of the Ten-year Development Plan of Education Informatization clearly describes: "Gradually popularize online teaching and research led by experts, improve the pertinence and effectiveness of teachers' online learning, and promote teachers' professional development. " ?

Information work that can be done in teachers' professional development at least includes:

1) network training: teachers are trained through the network, including professional training, information literacy and skills training. ?

2) Network teaching and research: providing a platform for exchanges and cooperation through the network, helping teachers to carry out teaching and research activities and promoting teachers' professional development; ?

3) Project research: providing information support and services for teachers to carry out scientific research, including project management, knowledge management, achievement management and auxiliary tools. ?

5. Others?

I also tend to classify the following types of work as "quality resource class pass":

1) Student growth bag management: Doing a good job of "student growth record" is a special emphasis in the outline of education planning and the ten-year development plan of education informatization. Chapter 8 of the Ten-year Plan clearly states: "Establish an electronic file system covering all students, do a good job in student growth records and comprehensive quality evaluation, and provide support for social management and public services as needed." I think doing a good job in the management of students' growth bags will be a symbolic achievement of "Banbantong"; ?

2) School-enterprise cooperation: This mainly refers to secondary vocational education, because the internship of secondary vocational education needs to strengthen school-enterprise communication, which is where educational informatization can make a great difference. Because the practice is still based on class education management, it is more appropriate to classify the information support of school-enterprise cooperation as "Banbantong". ?

Starting today, I will talk about "everyone can access the online learning space". ?

This concept is the hottest issue in recent years, and it is often asked or discussed by colleagues at meetings in Weibo. This is because "inter-school communication" and "class communication" were once related. Although the connotation has changed a lot this time, because of some basic consensus, everyone thinks that it is enough to strengthen according to the original route (in fact, I am very different from this way of thinking, which is why I spent more than a week discussing "inter-school communication" and "class communication"). And put forward "everyone is connected" for the first time. Everyone doesn't know what to do. ?

Personally, I think the concept of "everyone is connected" should come from the "Shinkansen of vocational education: schools have platforms and everyone has space", or at least be inspired by it. ?

In fact, students who have studied in Tsinghua may have a feeling that in Tsinghua, we have long been "well known"-as early as a decade ago, our team began to study "virtual personal cyberspace", and its results were gradually applied to "Tsinghua Online School". The current versions of Tsinghua Online School include My Course, Personal Information and Personal Homepage. In addition, the "campus social network for knowledge sharing" that I have been promoting in the last two years is actually to provide an advanced version of "online learning space" for teachers and students. So on July 24th, 20 12, I posted a Weibo: I heard Vice Minister Du Zhanyuan talk about "Online Learning Space for Everyone" at the # Ministry of Education # and suddenly felt that it was an "educational social network with knowledge sharing".

However, these contents are only preliminary research work, and it was Vice Premier Liu Yandong's famous speech that made it clear that "everyone has online learning space". To understand that "everyone is connected", we must learn the original text, and we will start next week. ?

Finally have time to study the original work together today?

Let's learn from Vice Premier Liu Yandong's speech first. For ease of reading, the original text is shown in italics. ?

Fourth, promote the "online learning space for everyone" and promote the reform of teaching methods and learning methods. The establishment of personal online learning space for teachers and students reflects the development direction of educational informatization in the future. ?

These two sentences are about orientation, and the purpose of "everyone is connected" is to promote the reform of teaching methods and learning methods, which is the future development direction. ?

Sixth, my colleague, Mr. Wu Haiyan, left me a message saying: "The revolutionary influence of educational informatization on education" or "The revolutionary influence of educational informatization on learning", "Education" vs. "Learning", who is the most essential thing? These platforms seem to consider problems from the perspective of teachers, and I think they should be considered from the perspective of learners. At that time, I replied that "education includes learning" and agreed with her. In fact, Vice Premier Liu Yandong's position has been very clear, not only to promote the reform of teaching methods, but also to promote the reform of learning methods. Vice Minister Du Zhanyuan's speech at this year's conference on promoting education informatization was particularly clear: "Online learning space is accessible to everyone"-this is the future-oriented development direction of education informatization, and it is an innovation and exploration of new modes of student learning, teacher teaching, teacher-student interaction and student-student interaction in the network era. The revolutionary influence of information technology on education is also mainly reflected in "everyone is connected". ?

This year and next, we will increase the number of online learning spaces from the current 600,000 to 6 million, and strive to make all teachers and junior high school students have online learning spaces in real-name registration system in about five years, promote the comprehensive interaction between teaching and learning, teaching and teaching, and learning and learning, and strive to be at the forefront of the world in the construction and application of online learning spaces. At present, it should be implemented in accordance with the principle of "three firsts" and gradually cover all teachers and students. First, teachers take the lead in using it. The key is to promote the construction of teaching and research space for teachers in primary and secondary schools and secondary vocational schools, so that teachers can use it first. Second, vocational education takes the lead in deployment. In recent years, information technology has played a great role in creating an open, interactive, transparent and safe new mode of vocational education and teaching. In less than two years, Hunan has built more than 500,000 individual online learning spaces for vocational education teachers and students. All localities should sum up experience, speed up the pace of construction, innovate simulation training mode, and enhance practical teaching ability. Third, developed regions take the lead in demonstrating. Developed areas should make use of strong economic foundation and perfect infrastructure to try first in universities and junior high schools and explore new learning methods. ?

The latter paragraph is about how to implement it. ?

In fact, I think the principles and steps mentioned here are more rational and reasonable:

1) The principles are "teachers take the lead in using", "vocational education takes the lead in deployment" and "developed areas take the lead in demonstration", which are in line with the educational laws and the actual situation of China's educational development. ?

2) The step is to "increase the number to 6 million in 20 13 years" and "make all teachers and junior high school students have online learning space in real-name registration system in about five years", which is a goal that can be achieved through hard work and a more reasonable goal. ?

3) "Online learning space for everyone" focuses on application, and building it is not "communication". It is necessary to "promote the all-round interaction between teaching and learning, teaching and learning, and learning and learning", "create an open, interactive, transparent and safe new teaching mode of vocational education", "innovate simulated training mode, improve practical teaching ability" and "explore new learning methods in universities and junior high schools". ?

However, from the current implementation and promotion, it seems that many places have deviated from the spirit of Vice Premier Liu Yandong's speech. For example, in the "Annual Task Indicators of the" Three Links Project "of Education Informatization (Draft for Comment)" issued by the Ministry of Education in April, I saw that some provinces and cities set the target ratio of "universal access" at 50% this year, and many provinces and cities set it at 20 18. And the average index (unweighted) of 20 13 has reached 22% (how much can be calculated simply? )。 Is this a possible task? I think there are only two reasons: first, I misunderstood "everyone is connected", thinking that as long as a platform is built and an account is opened for each teacher and student, it is considered to be up to standard; The second is to shout, anyway, there will be no punishment for failing to reach the goal, and we will talk about it when it is advanced. ?

By studying the original work, the positioning, objectives, implementation principles and steps of "everyone in online learning space" are clarified. However, we still don't understand how to construct "access for all" in a microscopic school or a local area, because this is not the place where national speeches should be considered, and this is also the place where everyone has the most questions about "access for all" and the value of our joint discussion. ?

This will go back to the understanding I mentioned in the third lecture:

Online learning space is accessible to everyone--people-oriented teaching and learning based on information environment. At present, the focus is on promoting the reform of teaching methods and learning methods. ?

"Teaching and learning" are two kinds of activities. "Online learning space is accessible to everyone" means using "online learning space" (information-based teaching environment) to carry out innovative teaching and learning with information as the support. In fact, this is closely related to "communication between classes" and even "communication between schools": an activity, from the perspective of teachers and students, is a personal teaching and learning behavior of "everyone is connected"; From the perspective of class organization, it may be a typical application of "class-to-class communication"; Even from the school level, it may be a typical case of "school-to-school communication". This is also why I advocate that the "three links" are three perspectives or levels of the current information work of education and teaching, rather than artificially dividing it into three. ?

The dialectical relationship between the "three links" will be discussed in detail later. What should we do to meet the standard of "Renren Learning Space" today? Drive too far first. ?

1. Personal space service?

To realize "everyone has online learning space", we must first have personal cyberspace, which is the basic service. This includes a certain amount of cyberspace capacity, which should start at 10GB at present; Basic file storage services should be provided, similar to various cloud disks now; It is best to provide personal space display service, so that space owners can publish various resources in their own cyberspace according to some favorite templates to promote resource sharing; Of course, it would be better if personal space services can support mobile terminals, because mobile learning has become a trend. In addition, the functions of real-name registration system registration and authentication of personal space, maintenance of personal basic information and personalized configuration of space are simple and important functions, which should be supported. ?

2. Personal knowledge management services?

Knowledge management is an IT service that I highly recommend in recent years, because I think IT's time for knowledge management to show its talents with the maturity of IT technology and the expansion of personal data. ?

Knowledge management should be based on personal space service, that is, knowledge management should be connected with personal space file management. Of course, knowledge management needs further value-added services:

1) knowledge classification management: First of all, we should provide perfect knowledge classification management functions, help individuals establish knowledge systems and constantly improve them, and help individuals collect, digest, absorb and innovate knowledge; ?

2) Knowledge retrieval service: Secondly, it is necessary to provide fast knowledge retrieval function to help individuals build personal knowledge base and find it quickly. It is certainly better to provide advanced retrieval services such as knowledge maps; ?

3) Knowledge sharing service: Knowledge is the most unafraid resource to share, because the more you share, the richer you will be! Therefore, convenient knowledge sharing service is one of the most important IT services in the field of education. ?

3. Personal affairs service?

Assisting individuals to manage their own affairs is the most direct support and help for IT to improve work efficiency. If a person puts personal affairs management on the IT platform, it is almost inseparable. Therefore, whether users use IT platform to manage their daily affairs can be used to judge a person's digital level, and can also be used to examine the stickiness of an IT platform. ?

Personal affairs services are mainly based on calendar management, such as schedule management, which is an essential calendar service for teachers and students. In addition, examination arrangement, meeting notice and task setting are all related to calendar service. If this schedule-related information can be integrated into a personal affairs service similar to My Calendar, then for users.