Many students think that geography is a "minor subject", and it is not a big problem to learn or not. They can pass the exam by cramming. In order to change this view of students, I will carefully prepare a preface class at the beginning of each semester, telling students that geography is a highly comprehensive subject, which spans two major scientific fields, including natural science and social science. Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist, called it "an open complex giant system". Geography is related to biology, mathematics, physics, chemistry, history and politics. Learning geography well is conducive to the improvement of students' basic ability in various disciplines.

Geographical knowledge is useful to life. Geography is closely related to our daily life, and geographical knowledge is around us. For example, the weather forecast we watch every day, Wenchuan earthquake, National Day Golden Week tourism, environmental protection and why human beings should take the road of sustainable development. Learning these contents can not only help students uncover the mystery of geographical knowledge, but also increase the interest of life.

Geography is useful for students' lifelong development. No matter one is engaged in resource development, traffic construction, business activities, tourism, agriculture and even politics in the future, a solid knowledge of geography will be of great help to these occupations. For example, agricultural planting should be adapted to local conditions, and production should be arranged reasonably; Traffic construction should pay attention to the geological structure and social and economic conditions (passenger and cargo flow) in various places; Commercial activities should emphasize geographical advantages; The development and utilization of resources should be rational and orderly, protect the ecological environment and promote sustainable development. In a word, studying geography can provide students with rich and lifelong knowledge and skills for their future employment.

A good preface class will make students realize that geography is not a minor course as some students say, but a knowledgeable encyclopedia. Geography is not easy to master by rote. Geography occupies a word "reason", which can only be firmly grasped if you understand it. And help students understand and appreciate the value and function of geography, put geography in a correct position, stimulate students' learning motivation, enhance students' ideological consciousness of loving this subject, and make students "want to learn".

Second, build a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, so that students are "willing to learn"

Classroom teaching is a bilateral activity between teaching and learning. If students want to study geography, they must establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students. In class, teachers show their concern and love for students with encouraging eyes and approving smiles, and exchange teachers' true feelings for students' sincere learning attitude; A relaxed and harmonious classroom atmosphere helps students to master knowledge, develop their thinking and cultivate their abilities. Creating this kind of atmosphere can bring students to the teacher's teaching, push students to the main position of learning, and let students dare to communicate and be willing to communicate. Actively participate in students' cultural and sports activities after class, and talk to them more during class. After a long time, the feelings between students and teachers will get closer and closer. With a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, students will be willing to learn the courses taught by teachers.

Third, stimulate students' interest in learning, and students "love learning"

Interest refers to people's psychological tendency to actively explore something and love certain activities, which is the internal motivation to promote students' learning activities. Only when a student is interested in learning can he regard learning as a relaxed and happy thing. Tolstoy warned us: "Successful teaching needs not coercion, but stimulating students' interest in learning. Therefore, to improve the effectiveness of the classroom, we must stimulate students' interest in learning:

1, stimulate students' interest in learning with rich geographical knowledge.

Geographical knowledge is colorful and all-encompassing. It is human nature to pursue novelty and explore the mysteries of nature. Junior high school students are in the growth stage and have strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge. In the teaching process, I read widely and dabbled in multidisciplinary knowledge, showing the world to students, satisfying their curious psychological needs and stimulating their interest in learning.

2. Introduce competition mechanism in the classroom to stimulate students' interest in learning.

Teenagers are active in thinking, competitive and full of positive competitive spirit. Therefore, it is necessary to conform to students' psychology, organize a comprehensive competition with strong antagonism and interest in class, and stimulate students' interest in learning in a tense and enthusiastic competition atmosphere.

3. Create problem situations to stimulate students' interest in learning.

Attach importance to the setting of situations, so that students can learn geography, develop geography and experience the value of geography in the process of situations. Therefore, I pay attention to the creation of problem situations in teaching, so that students can explore new knowledge and acquire geographical knowledge in the activities of eyes, mouth, hands and brain. In the process of teaching, I put forward a series of thoughtful and enlightening questions around the key and difficult points of teaching to stimulate students' curiosity. For example, when I was studying the section "The weather is changeable", it happened that there was foggy weather here. I seized this opportunity in time and asked such a question as soon as I started class: "What weather did it appear this morning, classmates?" The whole class replied with one voice: "foggy day." "Who said: How did you feel on your way to school in such foggy weather today? What problems should I pay attention to? " Wang Chao, who is far away from school, first stood up and said, "In this weather, the visibility is very low, so it is very inconvenient to go to school by bike. Pay attention to traffic safety. " "It can be seen that the change of weather is closely related to our daily life. In this weather, students should pay attention to traffic safety on their way to school. Do you want to know more about the weather? " The students replied in unison, "Yes." In this way, skillfully connecting with reality, borrowing scenery to lead topics, shortening the distance between students and textbook knowledge, stimulating students' desire to explore, and thus listening to teachers with strong curiosity, and transforming this interest into internal learning motivation.

4. Use audio-visual teaching to stimulate students' interest.

In traditional teaching, teachers only use one mouth, a piece of chalk and a wall chart to teach, and the means are monotonous, so students are easily bored and bored. Using audio-visual teaching can turn static map into dynamic map. At the same time, bright colors, bright lights and vivid sound effects can not only stimulate students' senses, but also make boring knowledge interesting and stimulate students' interest in learning. It has played a multiplier role for students to master basic knowledge. For example, when remembering the outlines of some provinces in China, we can compare the outlines of provinces to the outlines of some animals or plants (Guangdong Province is compared to the head of an elephant, Hainan Province to a pineapple, Sichuan Province to a butterfly and so on). Deepen students' understanding of the province, from one-sided monotonous geometry to vivid things to remember and stimulate students' imagination. I also use multimedia dynamic display, so that students can see at a glance. At the same time, the use of visual stimulation, so that students are highly focused, so as to quickly master knowledge.

5, combined with the surrounding geographical phenomena in teaching, to stimulate students' interest.

Teaching with geographical phenomena around us makes students feel that many phenomena around them are pregnant with geographical principles. For example, "Why does our schedule change? We finish school in late summer and early winter? " The student replied, "The days are long in summer and short in winter." The variation of the length of day and night is related to the regression motion of the direct point of the sun. In this way, students will feel that geography is as vivid and intimate as common things around them, thus stimulating their interest in learning and confidence in learning geography well.

Fourth, pay attention to the guidance of students' learning methods, and students will "learn"

I think: a good learning method is the foundation of success, and only "learning" can "learn". In ancient China, there was a saying that "Food is the most important thing for the people". Give people fish, and you will benefit for life. Geography is an interdisciplinary subject, so it is difficult for students to learn. Some students have not mastered the correct learning methods. Although they have made a lot of efforts, their grades have been unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is very important to guide learning methods in the teaching process:

1, pay attention to the accumulation of basic knowledge

There is a saying that "height determines vision". If there is no accumulation of geographical knowledge, geographical ability will become "passive water, trees without roots". Therefore, geography learning should start with the basic knowledge and grasp the basic characteristics, distribution laws and causes of various geographical things and phenomena in a down-to-earth manner, so as to have the basis for analyzing problems and naturally improve the ability to solve problems.

2. Instruct students to construct "brain map"

Map is an important carrier of geographical knowledge. Geography test "map" is a feature of geography. In a sense, maps can be called the soul of geography. Therefore, students should read more maps, remember maps with their brains and draw them by hand, accurately "locate" various geographical things in their minds, construct a "brain map" and gradually form a "latitude and longitude network" in their brains. There is a picture in my mind, and there are corresponding knowledge points on the picture, which are combined with pictures and texts. Geography is no longer a monotonous text, but a vivid map. Learning geography will become easy and interesting.

3, learn to "extrapolate"

"Draw inferences from others" is conducive to cultivating students' comprehensive ability to use geographical knowledge, and it is also the requirement of comprehensive geographical thinking. Let students gradually master the basic characteristics and answering rules of various types of questions in their study, so as to draw inferences from others and quickly determine the solution ideas when encountering new problems.

4. Learn to teach yourself

Teaching students to think independently will benefit them for life. Therefore, while preaching, teaching and solving doubts, teachers should purposefully and systematically teach students the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization and induction, so that students can develop good self-study habits. If our geography teacher can give students the "golden key", let them open the door of knowledge and explore the treasure of knowledge. It will make students change passive acceptance into active exploration. This not only saves time, but also mobilizes students' enthusiasm and gives full play to students' main role. In the teaching process of geography elective courses, most of the contents can be completed by students themselves.

Step 5 apply what you have learned

In the process of geography teaching, we should closely connect with the reality of life and apply what we have learned. For example, if you talk about urban traffic, you can contact the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, and ask the students to talk about any good suggestions for improving Beijing traffic. When talking about tourism geography, guide students to list and classify the tourism resources in Weihai, and put forward reasonable suggestions on the problems existing in tourism development. Ask students to help foreign tourists design a "one-day tour" tour route in Weihai.

6. List comparison

There is a lot of geography knowledge, and students often confuse each other when they remember it. We use list comparison to find out similarities and differences, so as to master knowledge. Such as the shape, length, indicating direction, 0-degree line, etc.

Fifth, optimize the classroom teaching structure and enhance students' self-confidence.

The determination of classroom teaching structure should conform to the laws of students' cognitive development and psychological activities. As the ancients said, if a scholar makes four mistakes, he must know it. People learn too much, or lose too little, or lose too easily, or stop. It means that classroom teaching must proceed from students' reality, pay attention to students' knowledge level and acceptance ability, arrange teaching content properly, have moderate difficulty, highlight key points and disperse difficulties. The difficulty of knowledge lies in the acceptance that students can achieve through hard work, so that students can experience the joy of success and enhance their self-confidence in learning geography well.

Sixth, adopt flexible teaching methods to enhance students' interest in learning.

Geography classroom teaching is an art, and teachers should "teach well". First of all, geography classroom teaching should change the old "injection" mode of teachers' speaking and students' listening, establish a new mode of students' autonomous learning, and really put students in the main position of teaching. Teachers focus on guidance and guidance, so that students can actively participate and truly become the masters of the classroom.

Secondly, flexible teaching methods must be adopted in class, and rigid teaching methods will make students feel bored and dissatisfied. If teachers can constantly change and improve teaching methods according to the different contents of teaching materials and the psychological characteristics and knowledge level of students in different periods, students will be interested. In short, geography teaching methods can only improve the effectiveness of geography classroom teaching if they conform to students' psychological characteristics and cognitive laws.

To sum up, in the 45-minute geography class, as long as teachers are good at playing the leading role and strengthening students' main role, students will want to learn, enjoy learning, love learning and learn. At the same time, teachers effectively control the teaching process, make the classroom "active" and let students "live". It will certainly improve the effectiveness of geography classroom teaching, enable students to acquire lifelong, systematic and comprehensive geographical knowledge, geographical concepts and geographical intelligence, lay a solid geographical foundation for further study or employment in the future, and make them become citizens with high geographical quality.