Subject: Traditional Chinese Medicine
Implementing unit: China Folk Chinese Medicine Research and Development Association.
Project target: medical workers and health lovers.
Project objectives: to correct the misunderstanding of epistemology by trained medical workers and health enthusiasts; Establish a correct thinking method of traditional Chinese medicine original prescription; Expound the potential value of primitive medical culture in China to improve the quality of life of all mankind; Improve students' theoretical literacy and practical work ability in guiding national health care; Popularize health culture knowledge, improve the relationship between doctors and patients, and effectively reduce the pressure on the medical security system.
This project (20 10) is a national-level continuing education project of traditional Chinese medicine approved by state administration of traditional chinese medicine. 20 1 1, the project was transformed into a public welfare continuing education project.
Supplementary information: In view of the increasingly chaotic situation of "health preservation" and "diet therapy" since 20 10, this project believes that the fundamental reason is that Chinese medicine has lost its own value evaluation system, which is the guiding ideology followed by China's primitive medicine: the holistic view of oriental civilization. Here is a brief introduction to health and diet. (Reading Tip: Dietotherapy and medicated diet belong to health preservation, but they are not their main contents. )
The whole theory of TCM is health preservation in a broad sense. Medicine is defined as "the way to survive" in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals-the former is the verb "improve", the latter is the noun "vitality", and "Tao" is the fundamental law. What is medicine? It is the knowledge to improve the self-organization and self-healing ability of human body, or to improve the vitality of human body, so as to eliminate diseases-so it is different from the "medicine" for treating diseases in modern western countries. In Huangdi Neijing, Huangdi and his teacher Qi Bo had a wonderful conversation. When talking about the plague, the Yellow Emperor asked the teacher why some people were infected but could not get sick. Qi Bo's answer is that "healthy qi should be kept inside, and evil should not be done"-so we say that the whole Chinese medicine is a great health preservation. Of course, the Chinese medicine mentioned here refers to the original Chinese medicine, not the "modern Chinese medicine" that has been unrecognizable since Kangxi castrated Chinese civilization.
Health preservation in a narrow sense refers to the knowledge of improving self-healing ability through non-drug methods. The formation of the holistic view of harmony between man and nature in the 50 th century BC marked the maturity of the concept of health preservation; In 6 10 AD, during the great cause of the Sui Dynasty, Chao, a doctor of Taiyi at that time, concentrated on the sources and symptoms of various diseases in Treatise on Diseases, but there were no prescriptions in the book, only 2 13 kinds of health-preserving prescriptions and guiding methods were listed. Therefore, since then, China has regarded health preservation as a routine treatment method, which has been officially advocated.
Although the whole system of TCM has been very mature since Huangdi Neijing, the most wonderful expression is Huainan Lie Hong compiled by Huainan Wang, the uncle of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The book holds that the whole human life system (called "Qi" in ancient times) consists of three elements: first, shape-"the shape of a person, the house of life", that is, the "house" of human life; The second is God-"God is the master of life", that is, people's self-organization and self-healing ability are the masters of life. The third is qi-"full of qi." Qi is the messenger of the relationship between form and spirit. In today's language, it is information. The first is "God", followed by "Shape", and finally "Qi". "Losing one's position will hurt three". This is the principle of primitive medicine in China, and so is "keeping in good health" in a narrow sense. So, how to deal with the relationship between the three? "Huainan Lie Hong" makes it very clear: first, "it is necessary to raise its gods"; Second, "weak harmony"; Third, "flat its shape." Now we limit "health preservation" to dietotherapy and medicated diet, which is suspected of being partial. What to eat for health? It means "nourishing the mind", "nourishing the mind" or "nourishing nature". The dietotherapy and medicated diet we are talking about today are only part of health preservation. Although valuable, it is not the most important part-because the first is "nourishing the heart" and the second is "keeping fit". The purpose of dietotherapy and medicated diet is also to improve the self-organizing ability of human body, that is, to nourish the heart. That is to say, what modern people call "Qigong" (strictly speaking, it should be "medical Qigong", which was also called "guidance" and "health preservation" in ancient times) is the core content of health preservation. Reading Tip: When the values of western medicine have become the mainstream values of traditional Chinese medicine, "homology of medicine and food" is considered unscientific by many people. )
The homology of medicine and food is one of the most valuable contributions of primitive medicine in China to human beings. Whole grains are beneficial to the human body but not to the body, so they are "neutral". This is the most important standard for China's original medicine to choose food. This standard is based on "people-oriented", not on the objective basis of "testing" with experimental animals.
In this standard, there is no clear boundary between food and medicine. When food leaves the "medium" a little, it will be cold (such as mung beans) or warm (such as lobster sauce). If it deviates far from the middle, it is "cold" and "hot". If the medicine is farther away from the middle, this is the origin of cold medicine or hot medicine. "Cold is hot, and heat is cold", which is the treatment principle of traditional Chinese medicine. If you have a fever, you should take cold medicine. If the fever is not so bad, you don't need to take medicine. It can be adjusted by cold foods (such as mung beans mentioned above). Or conversely, Dallas goes to the auditorium, which is what we often call "diet therapy".
Dietotherapy and medicated diet are not the same concept. The former uses food for conditioning, while the latter turns what is usually classified as "medicine" into delicious food. For example, "Danggui Ginger Mutton Soup" is both medicine and food. It is the best choice for people who are weak and often have cold hands and feet in winter.
If it is extremely cold or hot, it is called "poison". For example, "croton" is also a kind of bean. Ordinary people will have diarrhea if they eat one by mistake, because it is extremely hot and is often used to treat patients with extreme cold. Therefore, Huangdi Neijing said that treating diseases is "gathering poison to attack it", not "gathering medicine to attack it". Therefore, no matter food, medicine or even poison are homologous, because the purpose is the same: to restore the self-organization ability that deviates from the normal state to the normal state.
Western medicine is not. No medicine can be food, and food can't be said to be effective. As for "poison", it is even different. It needs to be emphasized again that Chinese medicine is a "people-oriented" standard, not a "laboratory animal-oriented" standard. If the toxicity of croton is tested by the usual animal model of western medicine, the result is the opposite. Experimental mice will not only have diarrhea, but also become more and more blessed, so the so-called "mouse-oriented" "objective" standard is not perfect.
The two different medical systems have different goals: western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, and each has its own value evaluation system. Originally, the two systems could complement each other and respect each other. However, today's value evaluation system of medicine and western medicine is in the DPRK, while Chinese medicine is in the wild, and precious medicine and food wealth are questioned, abandoned and misused, which is really regrettable.
For example, the once popular saying that mung beans can cure diabetes. Because of the large number of diabetic patients and the "lifelong medication" recognized by modern medicine, the society has been troubled, so the theory has aroused widespread concern since it appeared, and finally caused a "trust crisis" and "health crisis" about dietotherapy because of many loopholes. The paradox of this theory is that the standard of diabetes is defined by western medicine. For example, according to the level of blood sugar, using mung beans as a diet therapy is to solve the diseases defined by western medicine from the perspective of Chinese medicine, which is unscientific in itself and loses the advantages and characteristics of Chinese medicine, because mung beans are definitely not as effective as hypoglycemic drugs of western medicine from the perspective of indicators alone. The two are different systems and not on the same line, so this statement has loopholes and cannot be justified. After this academic loophole is enlarged, it is actually a good thing for dietotherapy or the whole Chinese medicine community: the lack of this problem is not the lack of one person, but the lack of the whole Chinese medicine community. The "health crisis" is not caused by one person. The fundamental reason is that the whole field of Chinese medicine has lost its own value evaluation system. This lesson should be made up, our own value evaluation system should be re-established, and the soul of Chinese medicine must be recast, otherwise the whole medical system will be in danger of collapse. Although the word Qigong has existed since ancient times, it has never been widely used. In the early 1950s, under the advocacy of Mr. Liu, the word "Qigong" became popular. Compared with "guidance", "breathing" and "health preservation", the word Qigong seems to be more popular, but it has caused more misunderstandings.
The first is the trouble brought by the concept of "Qi". Many modern people understand "Qi" as the "Qi" of air, so they misunderstand Qigong as deep breathing exercise or breathing training. In ancient times, "Qi" was a very complicated concept. Some people think that "Qi" is the essence of matter. Guan Zi said, "Everything is fine, with ratio as the main factor. The grains are born in the bottom and the stars are listed on the top. Flowing between heaven and earth, called ghosts and gods; Hidden in the chest, it is called a saint, hence the name. " Obviously, this concept of "Qi" is too broad for Qigong's "Qi". Some people think that the qi of qigong refers to the "true qi", and Neijing Lingshu says: "The true qi is filled by the combination of the qi of the sky and the valley." For qigong, the range of qi is too narrow, because the range of qi involved in high-level qigong training is much wider than this.
The problem is not here yet, because even if the concept of qi is clear, it is difficult to express the meaning of qigong. As the name implies, the so-called Qigong is "the kungfu of practicing Qi". Therefore, many people think that Qigong means "stabbing the throat with a silver gun", "hitting your head on a stone tablet", "stepping on a balloon" and "swallowing a sword". Or think: Qigong is to "release the internal qi" and "put the pulse thousands of miles away". But in essence, Qigong is not a kung fu of "practicing qi", but a kung fu of "exercising consciousness". The famous saying "Damocles never said a word, but worked hard with his heart" reveals the key to Qigong exercise. In fact, no matter which school or martial arts school, there is no one who does not work hard on "mind". Therefore, "Qigong" can be defined as an exercise method to optimize physical and mental health through the use of consciousness. There are three meanings here:
The first meaning is method, that is, through the use of consciousness. Of course, Qigong exercise also includes the use of other elements besides consciousness, such as body regulation and breathing control, but the latter is far less important to Qigong. This is the main difference between Qigong and other physical exercises. Physical exercise at ordinary times also includes three tones (adjusting heart, adjusting breath and adjusting shape), but taking shape as the leading factor, adjusting heart and adjusting breath are the measures to ensure the optimization of competitive state.
The second meaning is the purpose, which is to optimize physical and mental health. This is a watershed that is different from the "hard qigong" that uses qigong to perform acrobatics. The purpose of qigong exercise is to optimize the body and mind, and "hard qigong" is to optimize the performance effect. In recent years, due to improper publicity, some people worship foreigners, and even regard mastering these skills as a standard for entering a "high level". This is a big misunderstanding. It is true that "Qigong exogenous qi" exists objectively. Under certain conditions, some human senses can be more sensitive than ordinary people to some extent. However, from the perspective of Qigong, the supernormal exertion of these functions should be based on the premise of not affecting one's physical and mental health. Even in ancient times, it was taboo for qigong practitioners to emit external qi, which they thought was contrary to the process of alchemy.
The third layer refers to the way, that is, emphasizing self-exercise. In fact, practitioners in ancient and modern times all emphasize self-exercise. Unfortunately, many people believed the lies of charlatans and were killed by mistake. According to statistics, in the 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, more than half of the 21 emperors were poisoned by taking the "elixir" made of ore. Zhang Pingshu, a great Qigong master in the century A.D.1/KLOC-0, clearly pointed out: "It is even more unreal to find grass without practicing the three yellow gods and four gods." "Four gods" refer to gold, stone, grass and wood, and "three yellows" refer to minerals such as sulfur, realgar and orpiment. It means that Qigong should be practiced by yourself, and you can't eat any "Dan" made of mineral medicine. Zhang Pingshu also pointed out: "People should know the truth about lead and mercury, not sand and mercury." In ancient acrobatic works, lead and mercury are often used to describe the combination of essence and qi in practice. In order to prevent misunderstanding, it is pointed out that lead and mercury in acrobatic terms are not ordinary lead and mercury. So what are the "mercury" and "lead" in acrobatics? Zhang Pingshu implied in Wuzhen that this is something that every family has, and it is a metaphor of vitality-Yuan Jing. This is their own responsibility. As long as you keep practicing, everyone can gain something. Qigong is a self-exercise method to optimize body and mind through the use of consciousness, and it is a treasure of primitive medicine in China. In ancient times, it was called keeping in good health, guiding qi, breathing and keeping first class. , with more than 30 titles. Among them, "guidance" and "health preservation" are the most appropriate. Guiding, that is, "guiding qi to make harmony and inducing body to make softness", comprehensively embodies the content of qigong exercise, making qi more peaceful and body softer, which is the key technology. Health care emphasizes the purpose of exercise.
Self-care guidance and health care methods have been popular for thousands of years, but it was officially promulgated as one of the medical means by the authority of the central government in AD 6 10. That year (the sixth year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty), Chao (the president of the Central Hospital, equivalent to the Minister of Health) published the book On the Causes of Diseases. This book discusses the etiology, pathogenesis and symptoms of various diseases, and is the earliest and most complete monograph on TCM pathology in the medical history of China. The book is divided into five volumes, 67 doors and 2039 papers. He is Zhang Zhongjing's most important medical work since Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber.
Different from the predecessors, this book basically does not involve prescriptions, but only writes at the end of each theory that "its soup, ironing, needle and stone have different prescriptions, which are attached at the back." A brush. On the contrary, there are 289 "health-preserving prescriptions" or "guiding methods" and 2 13 specific methods in the book. It can be said that Chao is a master of medical qigong achievements for thousands of years, and also the earliest leading figure in medical qigong science today. The publication of Treatise on Febrile Diseases indicates that the application of Qigong in medicine has entered a mature stage. "Argumentation and exertion" is the biggest feature of this book. Most of the 2 13 methods introduced in the book are selected according to different symptoms. There are different methods for visceral diseases. For example, the method under "liver disease" is "patients with liver disease are worried but not happy, sad and angry, dizzy and painful, and' oh' is exhausted and cured; The guiding method under the heading of "heart disease" is: "Heart patients are divided into cold and heat, and when they are cold, they inhale; "If the hot air blows out"; The guiding method of "spleen disease" is: "patients with spleen disease have decent upper air blowing, pain, itching, boredom, pain, and' Xi' when exhaling." The guiding method of "Lung Disease Syndrome" is: "Patients with lung disease, with stuffy throat and full abdomen and deafness, exhale with' mouth four'. The words "ha", "shout", "blow", "Xi", "hush" and "mouth silk" are used to treat diseases of the five internal organs, but they are not from the Chao family. Tao Hongjing in the Five Dynasties (AD 452-53 1) has been recorded, but as an official medical method, it is the contribution of the Chao family.
Another feature of Chao's works is conciseness. All the methods introduced by Chaoshi are very simple and easy to implement in daily life. For example, the "wind spin" has only one action: "Hold the right knee with both hands, hold the fake, and remove the wind spin." Only eight words. Treatment of "constipation": "Turtles move qi, cover their mouth, nose, head and face, lie upright, rest for nine times, and vent their breath through their noses." There is only 14, which makes the main points of body adjustment and breath adjustment clear. Chao's method is concise and to the point, and it is easy for people who are interested in spreading medical qigong to follow suit and learn from it. If the operation is complicated, the effect may not be good. On the contrary, simple operation will definitely open the door to convenience.