(1) determine the purpose of the investigation (determine the problem and form a hypothesis; Verify the hypothesis through investigation, clarify the problem and draw a conclusion).
(2) Determine the sampling population. The sampled population should be consistent with the population (target population) who obtained the information.
(3) Determine the data to be collected. Generally, only data related to the purpose of the survey are collected, and long questionnaires will reduce the quality of answers.
(4) Select the sampling method. At this time, which unit in the population can basically be decided as an individual.
(5) Prepare the sampling box. Such as school directory, student roster, etc.
(6) Determine the required accuracy. Because the sampling survey infers the population from the sample, there will be some uncertainty. Generally, relative error or absolute error is required at the probability level.
(7) Estimate the sample size and cost.
(8) Sampling test, try to fill in the questionnaire in a small scope and make some necessary improvements.
(9) Organize field investigation. Investigate according to the sampling plan. Check the quality of the questionnaire in time. There should be a solution to the table that does not answer.
(10) Analyze the data according to the sampling method used.
(1 1) The same data can be compared by other analysis methods.
(12) Write an investigation report. Preserve population information, which may guide future sampling surveys.
2. Experimental method is one of the basic methods commonly used in educational science research. The so-called experimental method is a method of organizing experimental measures under the condition of strictly controlling variables, and determining the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena according to observing, recording and measuring the changes of accompanying phenomena. Experimental methods can be divided into laboratory experiments and natural experiments. The former is carried out in the laboratory and the latter in the natural environment. Educational scientific research generally adopts natural experimental methods.
The purpose of experimental method is to find out the reason of the research phenomenon, and it can test the correctness of a theory or hypothesis. Some people say that experimental method is the soul of educational research.
3. Observation, in order to know the truth, so as to discover the essence and regularity of a phenomenon. Steps of observation method: the implementation of observation method is divided into the following three steps, one of which is the design of observation research, which can be divided into the following aspects:
. 1) for general investigation and exploratory observation.
The purpose of this step is not to collect materials, but to grasp the basic situation so as to plan the whole observation process correctly.
.2) Determine the purpose and center of observation. According to the characteristics of the research task and research object, what problems should be considered, what materials and conditions are needed, and then make clear provisions.
.3) Determine the observation object.
First, determine the overall scope to be observed; The second is to determine the case object to be observed; The third is to determine the specific items to be observed.
.4) In addition to clearly defining the purpose, center and scope of observation, as well as what problems to understand and what data to collect, the observation plan should also arrange the observation process: observation times, density, duration of each observation, and how to ensure the normality of observation phenomena.
.5) Plan and prepare observation means.
Generally speaking, there are two observation methods: one is to obtain observation data; The first is the means to save observation data. The main means to obtain observation data is human sensory organs, but sometimes some specially set instruments are needed to help observation, such as observation screens, computer terminal equipment, and more advanced ones such as action reactors.
.6) Provide uniform standards.
In order to increase the objectivity of observation, facilitate the measurement and evaluation of various phenomena, facilitate the quantitative representation of observed phenomena, and enable the observation results to be checked, compared, counted and integrated, it is necessary to consider various factors that may be involved in one's own observation in advance and set a unified standard for each factor. Every time we observe or observe the same phenomenon, different observers should adhere to a unified standard to measure it. This is mainly because different research projects often involve different standards.
.7) Put forward the observation outline paragraph by paragraph.
On the basis of the observation plan, a specific outline should be put forward for each observation or each paragraph (several observations with the same nature and content make up a paragraph), so that the observer can be very clear about the purpose, task and materials to be obtained for each observation. The observation outline can include specific problems to be solved in this observation, and should be put forward after careful consideration on the basis of previous observation.
4. Action research methods
Action research method is an exploratory research method adapted to small-scale education reform. Its purpose is not to establish theories and induce laws, but to constantly explore, improve and improve work in action research to solve practical problems in education. Action research combines reform actions with research work, and is closely linked with specific reform actions in educational practice. (characterized by implementation, evaluation and modification).
The model is basically: plan-action-investigation-reflection (that is, summary and evaluation). Individual teachers are more suitable.
Another model: pre-diagnosis-collecting data for preliminary research-drawing up a master plan-drawing up a specific plan-taking action-summing up and evaluating.
5. Historical method, taking historical figures and events in educational activities as the research object, understanding the past, understanding the present and future according to past events and their development, and serving today's educational development. The materials of historical research are mainly past works, documents and archives. You can also investigate and visit the parties and obtain research materials.