1. Sensory integration education was founded by the famous American psychologist Jane Ayers (1923- 1988). The brain is the material basis of human thinking, emotion, learning and other psychological activities, and its functional state means whether people's minds are perfect or not. The most basic process of brain activity is to effectively analyze, combine and comprehensively process sensory information from various sensory organs of the body, and then turn all scattered signals into a complete and consistent whole information, and then issue action instructions to command muscles and joints. This process is sensory integration.
Due to the rapid development of human brain, sensory integration learning at the age of 0- 12 is the most important and indispensable learning in human life, which plays a key and decisive role in promoting the all-round and healthy development of body and mind.
Children's brain function has the characteristics of development and plasticity. The brain develops from simple feeling to primary feeling integration, further to bilateral coordination, eye-hand coordination, concentration, emotional stability and purposeful activities, and finally to advanced feeling integration abilities, such as perceptual action ability, symbol cognition ability, mathematics ability, self-control ability and learning ability.
1. The stability of the brain needs feeling.
Feeling is a necessary way for us to get information from the outside world. It not only enables us to know the different characteristics of external things, such as color, smell, sound, smoothness and roughness, but also enables us to know the changes that have taken place in our bodies, such as body posture, motion state and position.
If the feeling lacks stimulation, the brain can't get the information of things stably, and people's mood will be disordered. If others speak loudly or there are many people around, it will make her nervous.
2.？ The development of the brain needs sensory integration.
Children's brains have as many nerve cells as adults at birth, but the functions of these cells are not fully developed. Sensory and stimulating the development of nerve cells play an important role. The functional development and contact formation of brain cells need a lot of information stimulation.
For example, babies constantly see, hear, smell and taste with sensory organs and motor organs, and constantly explore and imitate them, so that they can receive all kinds of stimuli all the time, and the nerve cell processes constantly branch and extend.
In this way, information is constantly imprinted in the brain, which makes brain cells form a dense and complex network, changes the microstructure of the brain, improves the function of the whole brain, and lays a rich foundation for the development of children's intelligence and potential.
3.？ Cognitive ability needs feeling and action.
In the first two years after birth, neural development is the stage of perceptual movement, that is, understanding and learning with actual feelings and operations. Whether the perceptual movement is mature or not will affect the normal development of cognitive ability in the future.
Sensory movement is mature, that is, the understanding of external things is completed with abstract concepts, and the cognitive learning ability or thinking and discrimination ability will be greatly improved in the future.
Children who lack this ability, even if they can learn with brain memory, will have difficulties in application in observation, organization, imagination and reasoning.
Second, the content of sensory integration
Sensation includes sight, hearing, taste, smell, taste, touch, proprioception, vestibular sensation and so on. Understanding the meaning of various things in the environment, a complex learning process, requires the participation of a variety of senses. For example, when children understand the color of bananas, they need to adjust their bodies to the right posture and control their eyes to the right degree, which requires the participation of motion perception and proprioception, while feeling the color requires the participation of vision.
The content of sensory integration education is mainly summarized as the following aspects:
1, visual
Vision is the most important way for people to acquire knowledge, and it is the human brain's understanding of objective things. The visual processing center of the brain processes the sensory information from the outside world, and connects it with the sensory information to form a basic cognition of the environment and know the location of various things in the environment. Then the information is transmitted to the brain stem and cerebellum to coordinate the movement information generated by the brain stem, which will be transmitted to the muscles to coordinate the movements of the eyes, head and neck-this is the process of brain nerve activity when we stare at a moving object with our eyes.
2. Listening
Hearing makes people feel different sounds with different levels, intensities and properties. The auditory processing center and the visual processing center in the brain are very close, and they exchange information all the time. For example, hearing and vision are combined, and children learn things quickly and remember them firmly; When children sing, if they can see TV pictures that match the lyrics, it is easy to remember the lyrics and tunes.
Step 3 feel
In the process of fetal development, tactile system is the first sensory system to develop. When the visual and auditory systems begin to develop, the tactile system can play an effective role. When the pregnant woman gently touches the bulging abdomen, the fetus in the abdomen can experience comfortable sensory stimulation through the tactile system, thus promoting the development of brain nerves. When the mother holds the baby in her arms, the baby feels warm through touch, feels the mother's steady breathing and heartbeat, just like returning to the mother's stomach, and the baby feels familiar and safe. Touch is very important for emotional regulation and attention development. Without a lot of tactile stimulation, it is difficult for the nervous system to play its due role.
4. proprioception
The sensory organs in this problem are some sensory organs hidden in muscles, tendons and joint forces. Because of this feeling, human beings can walk smoothly by looking at their feet in the Ministry; When you examine your sitting posture, you can also maintain an appropriate posture. If the trunk and legs can't feel the same proprioception, it will be difficult to get in and out of the car, go up and down stairs, climb mountains, walk on the balance beam, or do sports. Children with poor proprioception usually have difficulty in doing anything if they can't see with their eyes. Even with the help of eyes, their movements are difficult to coordinate, because they lack enough information to stimulate the brain to produce mandatory adjustment actions.
5. Vestibular sensation
The spatial position and movement of human body will stimulate vestibular receptors when regulating human movement, balanced movement and speed change. Even if the human body is at rest, it can feel the spatial position of the head through such receptors, so that it can feel gravity. When vestibular organs are stimulated with great intensity, they often cause autonomic nervous reactions, such as nausea, vomiting and dizziness. People with high excitability of vestibular organs, even if they are sometimes strongly stimulated, will also cause autonomic nervous reactions, such as motion sickness, seasickness, airsickness and so on.
? Sensory integration is a child's instinctive education and the foundation of all children's ability development! Sensory integration disorder will not disappear naturally with age and needs to be corrected. The popular saying of sensory disorder is that the child's brain has mild obstacles in the development process, and its pharmacology is ineffective, which can only be corrected through reasonable training.
Some parents think that only children with sensory integration disorder need sensory training, but it is not. According to a large number of scientific investigations, almost all children have sensory disorders, but their performances are different. For children with sensory disorders, it will be easy to correct them through professional training before 12 years old. Once beyond this age, it is difficult to change and become a lifelong regret for children. After training, children's physical balance and coordination ability, attention, emotion, self-control, learning ability, logical reasoning ability, diet, sleep and other aspects have been satisfactorily improved and improved.