Even so, the wind here is good.
If you want to travel, come to Hailar to see the grassland.
Come to Manzhouli if you want to see the frontier.
Geographical location Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located on the northern border of People's Republic of China (PRC) (China), extending obliquely from northeast to southwest in a long and narrow shape. Longitude and longitude start from east longitude 9712' and east longitude126 04' in the west, spanning 28 52' longitude and separated by more than 2,400 kilometers. It starts at 37 24' north latitude in the south and ends at 53 23' north latitude, vertically occupying latitude 65,438+05 59', with a straight-line distance of 65,438+0,700 km; The total area of the region is1183,000 square kilometers, accounting for 12.3% of the country's land area, ranking third in the country. East, south and west are adjacent to Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Gansu in turn, spanning the three north (northeast, north and northwest) and close to Beijing and Tianjin; It borders Mongolia and the Russian Federation in the north, with a total length of 4,265,438+0 km.
Geology Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory, developed strata, frequent magmatic activities, good metallogenic conditions and rich mineral resources. It can be divided into two I-level tectonic units with 42 north latitude as the boundary. To the north of Line 42 is Tianshan-Inner Mongolia-Xing 'an geosyncline, and to the south is North China Platform. Influenced by the subduction of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Pacific plate to the west, a northeast tectonic volcanic belt was formed in eastern Inner Mongolia, which is the third uplift belt of the Neocathaysian system. There are two famous grade II metallogenic belts in Inner Mongolia, which are located on the contact axis of these two tectonic units and the third uplift belt of Xinhua Xia. The former is grade II gold-copper polymetallic metallogenic belt in the northern margin of North China platform, and the latter is grade II copper polymetallic metallogenic belt in Daxinganling.
Geomorphology The landform of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is dominated by the Mongolian Plateau, with complex and diverse forms. Except for the southeast, it is basically a plateau, accounting for about 50% of the total land area. It is composed of high plains such as Hulunbeier high plains, Xilingol high plains, Bayannaoer-Alashan and Erdos, with an average elevation of about 1000 meters and the highest elevation of 3556 meters. Mountains such as Daxinganling, Yinshan (Wolf Mountain, Serten Mountain, Daqing Mountain and Huiteng Liangshan) and Helan Mountain are distributed around the plateau, which constitute the backbone of the landform of Inner Mongolia Plateau. There are Badain Jaran, Tengger, Wulanbuhe, Kubuqi and Mu Us deserts at the western end of Inner Mongolia Plateau, with a total area of10.5 million square kilometers. At the eastern foot of Daxing 'anling Mountain, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain and on the bank of the Yellow River, there are Nenjiang River West Bank Plain, Xiliaohe Plain, Tumochuan Plain, Hetao Plain and South Bank Plain of the Yellow River. With flat terrain, fertile soil, abundant sunlight and abundant water resources, it is the main grain and cash crop producing area in Inner Mongolia. There are loess hills, stony hills, low mountains, valleys and basins in the transition zone from mountainous areas to high plains and Plain, and the soil erosion is serious. Plateau area accounts for 53.4% of the total area, mountainous area accounts for 20.9%, hilly area accounts for 16.4%, and water surface area such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs accounts for 0.8%.
Climate Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory, high latitude, large plateau area, far from the ocean and mountainous edges. The climate is dominated by temperate continental monsoon climate. It has the characteristics of less and uneven precipitation, strong wind force and drastic changes in cold and summer. The northern part of Daxinganling belongs to the cold temperate continental monsoon climate, and the area west of Bayanhaote-Haibowan-Bayangaole belongs to the temperate continental climate. The general characteristics are sudden temperature rise in spring, windy, short and hot in summer, concentrated precipitation, sudden temperature drop in autumn, frost often comes early, long and cold in winter, and many cold waves. Annual solar radiation increases from northeast to southwest, and precipitation decreases from northeast to southwest. The annual average temperature is 0 ~ 8℃, the annual average temperature difference is 34 ~ 36℃, and the daily average temperature difference is 12O ~ 16℃. The annual total precipitation is 50 ~ 450 mm, with more precipitation in the northeast and less precipitation in the west. The precipitation in Oroqen Autonomous Banner in the east is 486 mm, the annual precipitation in Alashan Plateau in the west is less than 50 mm, and that in Ejina Banner is 37 mm The annual evaporation in most areas is greater than l200, that in Daxinganling is less than 1 200mm, and that in Bayannaoer Plateau is greater than 3 200mm. Inner Mongolia is abundant in sunshine and light energy resources. The annual sunshine hours in most areas are more than 2,700 hours, and those in the western part of Alashan Plateau are more than 3,400 hours. The annual average number of windy days is 10 ~ 40 days, of which 70% occurs in spring. Among them, Xilingol and Wulanchabu Plateau lasted for more than 50 days; Generally, it takes less than 10 days in the northern mountainous area of Daxinganling. The number of sandstorm days is 5-20 days in most areas, more than 20 days in western Alashan and Ordos Plateau, and the average daily gale of Huluchigute in Ejina Banner of Alashan League is 108 days.
Hydrology There are many rivers 1000 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The Yellow River, the second largest river in the motherland, enters Inner Mongolia from near Shizuishan in Ningxia, and forms a horseshoe shape around Ordos Plateau from south to north. Among them, there are more than 70 rivers with a basin area exceeding 1 1,000 square kilometers. There are 258 river basins with an area of over 300 square kilometers. There are nearly a thousand lakes of different sizes. The surface water resources in the whole region are 67 1 100 million cubic meters, and the domestic self-produced water sources are 37 1 100 million cubic meters, accounting for 1.67% of the total water in China. Groundwater resources are 30 billion cubic meters, accounting for 2.9% of the national groundwater resources. After deducting the repeated water consumption, the total water resources in the whole region is 510.80 billion cubic meters. The annual per capita water consumption is 2370 cubic meters, the average water consumption per hectare of cultivated land is 10000 cubic meters, and the average water production modulus is 44000 cubic meters/square kilometer. The distribution of water resources in Inner Mongolia is very uneven in regional and time processes, which is not suitable for the distribution of population and cultivated land. The land area of Heilongjiang River Basin in the eastern region accounts for 27%, the cultivated land area accounts for 20% and the population accounts for 18% of the whole region, while the total water resources accounts for 65% of the whole region, and the per capita water consumption is 8420 cubic meters, which is 3.6 times of the average level of the whole region. The total area of Xiliao River, Hailuan River and Yellow River in the central and western regions accounts for 26% of the whole region, the cultivated land accounts for 30% of the whole region, and the population accounts for 66% of the whole region, but the water resources only account for 25% of the whole region. Except for some transit water along the Yellow River, most areas are short of water resources.
Soil Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory, and there are many kinds of soils, and their properties and productivity are also different, but their common characteristics are strong accumulation of calcium and much accumulation of organic matter in the process of soil formation. According to the soil-forming process and soil properties, it can be divided into 9 soil types and 22 soil types. Among the 9 soil types, calcareous soil is the least distributed. The distribution of soil in Inner Mongolia changes obviously from east to west, and the soil zones are basically arranged in the northeast-southwest direction, with the black soil zone in the easternmost part, followed by dark brown soil zone, chernozem zone, chestnut soil zone, brown soil zone, black ridge soil zone, calcareous soil zone, aeolian sand zone and gray-brown desert zone in the west. Among them, black soil has the highest natural fertility, good structure and water conditions, easy to cultivate and suitable for developing agriculture; Chernozem has the second natural fertility and is suitable for developing agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.
Vegetation The vegetation in Inner Mongolia consists of seed plants, ferns, bryophytes, fungi and lichens. There are rich plant species, including seed plants and ferns 235 1 species, belonging to 133 families and 720 genera. Among them, 184 species were introduced and cultivated, and 2 167 species were wild plants (2 106 species were seed plants and 6/kloc-0 species were ferns). The distribution of plant species is uneven, and the mountain plants are the most abundant. Daxinganling in the east is rich in forest plants, meadows, swamps and aquatic plants. Yinshan Mountain in the middle and Helan Mountain in the west have both forest and grassland plants, as well as meadow and swamp plants. Plateau and plain areas are dominated by grassland and desert xerophytes, with a small number of meadow plants and halophytes. The grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia is a continuous whole, from Songliao Plain in the northeast, through the mountains at the southern foot of Daxinganling and Inner Mongolia Plateau, to Ordos Plateau and Loess Plateau at the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain, including the world-famous Hulunbeier Grassland, Xilingol Grassland, Wulanchabu Grassland and Ordos Grassland. Desert vegetation is mainly distributed in the west of Yikezhao League, Bayannaoer League and Alashan League. It is mainly composed of small semi-shrubs, halophytes and shrubs, with more than 1,000 species of seed plants/kloc-0. Although the plant species are not rich, the advantages of local endemic species are very obvious.
Evolution of administrative divisions1947 From April 23rd to May 3rd, Ulanhu (Yun Ze) held a meeting of Inner Mongolia people's representatives in Wangye Temple (now Wulanhaote City). The meeting decided that May 1 year was the anniversary of the establishment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which took the lead in realizing regional ethnic autonomy in the country and governed 32 flags including Hulunbeier, Nawenmuren, Xing 'an, Xilingol and Chahar League. The autonomous government is in Wangye Temple. 1949110 In October, with the approval of Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council of the Central People's Government, the autonomous government moved to Zhangjiakou. 1September, 949 19, Dong, a senior Kuomintang general and acting governor of Suiyuan, led the uprising. Later, Suiyuan Provincial People's Government was established. On March 5th, 1954, the Inner Mongolia People's Government, Suiyuan Provincial People's Government Committee, Suiyuan Military and Political Committee and Suiyuan Provincial People's Congress Consultative Committee jointly held an enlarged meeting in Guisui City (Hohhot). According to the order of the Government Council of the Central People's Government, from March 6th, the organizational system of Suiyuan Province and the provincial people's government were abolished at the same time, and the original Suiyuan Province was merged into Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, led by the people's government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and stationed in Hohhot. 1On July 30th, 955, Aohan, Onniute Banner, Harqin Banner, Chifeng, Ningcheng and wudan counties in Jehol Province were placed under the jurisdiction of Zhaowudamang Autonomous Region. On April 3rd, 1956, Bayanhaote Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Ejina Mongolian Autonomous Banner in Gansu Province were transferred to Inner Mongolia, and Bayannaoer League was added, taking the administrative regions of the original autonomous prefecture and autonomous banner as the administrative regions of the League. July 5 1969 Hulunbeier League, Zhelimu League and Zhaowuda League were respectively placed in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces; Alashan Zuo Qi, Alashan Right Banner and Ejina Banner were included in Ningxia and Gansu respectively, and were re-included in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on May 30, 1979.
200 1 Inner Mongolia has Hohhot, Baotou, Wuhai, Chifeng, Ordos, Tongliao, Hulunbeier, Xing 'an League, Xilin Gol League, Wulanchabu League, Bayannaoer League and Alashan League. There are 10 1 flags, counties, cities and districts, of which 52 are named after flags (including three national autonomous flags of Oroqen, Ewenki and Molidawaddaur), 17 counties under the jurisdiction of the League, 14 cities,. The people's government of the autonomous region is located in Hohhot.
Grassland Resources Inner Mongolia has a vast natural grassland area and is an important animal husbandry production base in China. The total grassland area is 86.667 million hectares, accounting for 265.438 0.7% of the total grassland area in China, of which 68 million hectares can be used, accounting for about 60% of the total land area of Inner Mongolia. There are six famous grasslands in Inner Mongolia, namely Hulunbeier, Xilingol, Horqin, Wulanchabu, Ordos and Wulate. There are more than 65,438+0,000 species of forage plants, and there are more than 65,438+0,000 species with high forage value and strong palatability, especially Leymus chinensis, Festuca arundinacea, Agropyron cristatum, Bromus inermis, Elymus pumila, Avena sativa, and Shan Ye pea. From the type point of view, the meadow grassland in northeast Inner Mongolia has fertile soil, abundant precipitation, various forage varieties, high quality and high yield, and is suitable for raising large livestock, especially cattle. The arid grassland in central and southern Inner Mongolia is rich in precipitation, and the species, density and yield of forage grass are not as good as those of meadow grassland, but the forage grass is rich in nutrition and good in palatability, which is suitable for raising horses, cattle, sheep and other livestock, especially for shepherding. The desert grasslands in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain and the western part of Ordos Plateau have dry climate, few forage species and low forage yield, but high forage fat and protein content, which are excellent grazing places for small animals. Forage in the westernmost desert of Inner Mongolia is scarce, with low yield, but the climate is mild. Forage has the characteristics of spiny, salty and high ash, which is very suitable for developing camels. The beautiful grassland breeds all kinds of livestock. Sanhe Cattle, Sanhe Hippo, Grassland Red Bull, Wuzhumuqin Fat Tail Sheep, Aohan Fine Wool Sheep, Erdos Fine Wool Sheep, Alba White Goat and other well-known domestic animals in Inner Mongolia enjoy high reputation in and outside the region, and livestock products such as fur and meat also occupy an important position at home and abroad. According to the statistics of 1985 Inner Mongolia Grassland Survey and Design Institute, the suitable stocking capacity in the whole region is 54,750,500 sheep units, but the actual stocking capacity is 55,768,500 sheep units, and the overload capacity is 10 1.8 million sheep units. Due to grassland degradation in recent years, the suitable stocking capacity of grassland has decreased. According to the constant price of 1970, the total output value of animal husbandry in the autonomous region was 809 million yuan, accounting for 34.2% of the total agricultural output value of that year. According to the constant price of 1990, the total output value of animal husbandry in that year was 530 million yuan, accounting for 32.1%of the total agricultural output value; From 65438 to 0995, the total output value of animal husbandry was 7.603 billion yuan, accounting for 36.5% of the total agricultural output value of that year. 1995 is 0.4 times higher than 1990, with an average annual growth rate of 7.5%.
The surface water in the water resources autonomous region has four outflow systems: Yellow River, Xiliao River, Nenjiang River and Ergon, with a basin area of 522,000 square kilometers and an annual runoff of 67.3 billion cubic meters. The internal water systems are Wulagai River and Tabu River, with a drainage area of 220,000 square kilometers and an annual runoff of 960 million cubic meters. Groundwater is widely distributed in the whole region, and the main types are upper stagnant water, phreatic water and confined water. According to the estimation of Water Resources Survey and Design Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the recharge of grassland groundwater in the autonomous region is 9.76 billion cubic meters, and the exploitable amount is 2.75 billion cubic meters, with more in the east than in the west and more in the mountains and hills than in the plateau. The natural precipitation in the autonomous region is between 100 ~ 450 mm, decreasing from east to west, and the annual precipitation in Ejina Banner is less than 50 mm. The rainfall is mostly concentrated in July-September, accounting for 60-70% of the total annual precipitation.
Mineral resources Inner Mongolia is rich in underground mineral resources, with more than 20 kinds of 120 discovered and 78 kinds of proven reserves. Among them, 42 kinds of mineral reserves rank first in China 10, 22 kinds rank first in China, and 7 kinds rank first in China. In particular, coal is located in the concentrated area of open pit mines in northern China, and its reserves are extremely rich. The proven coal-bearing area is 654.38+million square kilometers, and the accumulated proven reserves are 240 billion tons, accounting for more than 25% of the country's proven reserves, ranking second in the country. The prospective reserves are10.2 trillion tons, second only to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Among them, there are five super-large coalfields with reserves exceeding10 billion tons. Most coalfields have simple geological structure, large thickness, shallow burial, stable coal seam, easy open-pit mining, excellent coal quality and complete types. The clean coal in Dongsheng coalfield is a kind of natural high-quality power coal, which is comparable to the international standard coal without washing and has high economic value. The proven reserves are 92.77 billion tons. Ordos simmered charcoal is a kind of high-quality industrial coal, which is used for gas production and coal water slurry production. The proven reserves of Zhungeer coalfield are 25.9 billion tons, and the calorific value reaches 7470 kcal/kg. The oil and natural gas reserves in Inner Mongolia are also considerable. 13 large oil and gas field has been proved. It is predicted that the total oil resources will be 2-3 billion tons, and the total natural gas resources will be 270-10 billion cubic meters. The main body of world-class large oil and gas III-Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia oil and gas field is located in Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia. The minerals with proven ferrous metal reserves include iron, manganese and chromium. There are 63 iron ore producing areas, including 5 large and medium-sized deposits/kloc-0, and the reserves rank ninth in China. The proven reserves of non-ferrous metal minerals rank in the top five in China, including zinc, lead, tin and bismuth, while copper, tungsten, molybdenum, bauxite, nickel and cobalt rank seventh to 10. There are 0/28 mineral deposits/kloc-,including 0/9 large and medium-sized mineral deposits/kloc-,which are mainly distributed on both sides of Langshan-Zhaertai Mountain and Ji (Ning) Er (Lian) railway line in Bayannur League, northeast of Xilin Gol League, north of Chifeng City and north of Hulunbeier League. There are 40 major gold mines, most of which have been developed and utilized. More than 20 counties in the whole region produce gold, of which Aohan Banner, Songshan District, Harqin Banner, chahar right middle banner and Darhanmaoming Anlianhe Banner produce more than 20,000 gold a year. The rare earth resources in the autonomous region are unique and well-known at home and abroad. The proven reserves of rare earth oxides account for 90% of the country, ranking first in the country and the world. Niobium oxide reserves account for more than 90% of the country, ranking second in the world after Brazil; The proven reserves of beryllium, tantalum and cobalt rank first and second respectively in the world. There are many kinds of nonmetallic minerals, and their metallurgical auxiliary raw materials are magnesite, refractory clay, kyanite, dolomite, quartz, Carboniferous rocks, fluorite, molding sand, mold clay, bauxite and so on. Non-metallic minerals of chemical raw materials include pyrite, lake salt, mirabilite, natural alkali, electric limestone, serpentine for fertilizer, peat, salt mine, bromine mine, arsenic mine and boron mine. As well as non-metallic minerals such as building materials, there are 42 minerals in 3 categories and nearly 200 occurrences. Among them, 4 species rank first in the country and 20 species rank first in the country. According to the estimation of relevant experts, the potential value of mineral reserves in Inner Mongolia (excluding oil and natural gas) reaches 13 trillion yuan, ranking third in the country and having great development value.
Coal resources of 200 1 and 3 18 coalfields have been discovered in the whole region, and the accumulated proven reserves are 223.24 billion tons, second only to Shanxi Province. The prospective reserves122.5 billion tons, second only to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, ranking second in the country. There are more than 140 coal-producing areas (coalfields or coal mining areas) in the whole region. Inner Mongolia's coal resources are not only large in reserves and thick in coal seams, but also simple in geological structure, shallow in burial and easy to be mined in the open pit. Among the five open-pit coal mines mined in China, there are four in Inner Mongolia, namely Huolinhe, Yimin, Yuanbaoshan and Zhungeer. Categories of coal in Inner Mongolia is relatively complete. The clean coal in Dongsheng coalfield and anthracite in Alashan League are famous for their high quality. The proportion of coking coal is small, accounting for only 2.49% of the total reserves, mainly concentrated in Wuhai and Baotou. Anthracite has a small proportion and concentrated reserves, with proven reserves of 553 million tons, accounting for 0.25% of the total coal reserves in the region. The coalfields with proven reserves of over 65.438+0 billion tons mainly include Dongsheng coalfield (proven reserves of over 92.77 billion tons), Zhungeer coalfield (proven reserves of 25.9 billion tons), Yimin coalfield (proven reserves of 65.438+0.26 billion tons), Huolinhe coalfield (proven reserves of 654.38+0.365438 billion tons) and Shengli coalfield (proven reserves of 65.438 billion tons)
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is one of the important forestry bases in China. The total forest area in the whole region is about 1 86.67 million hectares, accounting for 1 1% of the total forest area in China, ranking1in the country. The forest coverage rate reached 14.8%, which was higher than the national level of 13.4%. Total forest volume165438+200 million cubic meters, ranking fourth in China. There are many kinds of trees. There are more than 350 kinds of trees and shrubs in the whole region, including excellent timber forest species with long life and hard materials, operational shelterbelts with drought resistance and sandstorm resistance, and economic trees listed in the national protection and precious trees. Most of the forest resources in Inner Mongolia are concentrated in the mountainous areas in the north of Daxing 'anling. Primitive forests account for 50% of the forest land area in the whole region, and the forest volume accounts for more than 75% of the forest volume in the whole region. It is known as "the green treasure house of the motherland". Larix gmelinii, Betula platyphylla, Betula platyphylla and colored wood, which are abundant here, are all famous high-quality wood. In Hanshan Mountain, Yinshan Mountain, Helan Mountain and other mountainous areas, there are also patches of natural secondary forests. Spruce, Pinus tabulaeformis, Oak, Populus davidiana forest in Hanshan area, Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla forest in Daqingshan, Wulashan and Manhan mountain, and spruce, pine forest and Daqinggou broad-leaved forest in Helan mountain are all precious tree species with high economic and scientific research value. Plantation is an indispensable part of forests in Inner Mongolia. Afforestation should be carried out not only in plain areas with good conditions, but also in river areas, soil erosion areas and pastoral areas. Shelterbelt forest, timber forest, economic forest and firewood forest have developed rapidly. According to 1988 forest resources inventory statistics, the preserved area of artificial forests in the whole region reached 2.37 million hectares, which was 52 times higher than that before liberation. In particular, the construction of the "Three-North Shelterbelt" project, which started at 1978 and is known as the "Great Wall of Green Wan Li" and "the best ecological project in the world", has enabled about 50% of the farmland in the plain agricultural areas of the autonomous region to be forested, and 35% of the grass crops in the pastoral areas have been protected by trees. 200 1 year, and the forest coverage rate of the autonomous region is 14.8%.
Solar energy resources Inner Mongolia has high altitude, many sunny days, strong solar radiation and many sunshine hours. The total radiation of the whole region in two years is between 1 15 ~ 167 kcal/cm, which is second only to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and ranks second in the country. Sunshine hours are between 2,600 and 3,400 hours, which is one of the high-value areas in China and is extremely rich in light energy resources. The distribution of solar energy resources in the whole region is increasing from east to southwest, and Bayannur League and Alashan League in the west are the largest. In a year, the total radiation and sunshine rate of crops and grasses during the growth period from April to September are above 50% of the whole year. Especially from April to June, the southeast monsoon has not yet advanced to Inner Mongolia, so the air is dry, cloudy and sunny. At this time, it is at the peak of wheat and perennial grasses, with large leaf index and high photosynthetic utilization rate, thus making up for the short growth period in most parts of Inner Mongolia and relatively improving the utilization rate of accumulated temperature.
Wind energy resources Mongolia is a region rich in wind energy resources in China, second only to Zhoushan Islands in Zhejiang Province. The annual average wind speed in the whole region is 3.3-5.7m/s, and Alashan League, Xilin Gol League and Yinshan Mountain are rich in wind resources. The annual effective wind energy density is more than 200 W/m3, and the effective wind energy generation time reaches 70%. The wind speed of 3-20m/s is more than 5,000 hours every year. The annual average effective wind energy density in southern Inner Mongolia is 50 ~ 200 W/m3, and the annual wind speed accumulation of 3 ~ 20m/s is 4000 ~ 5000m/h. The total wind energy in the whole region is about 5.4 billion kilowatts, accounting for more than 30% of the national total. Making full use of this cheap energy is of great significance to solve the energy problems in pastoral areas and remote areas with inconvenient transportation and lack of fuel and energy.
Wild Plant Resources There are 2 35 1 species of seed plants and ferns in Inner Mongolia, including 2 167 wild plants and 84 introduced plants. These plants belong to 33 families and 720 genera, and 24 rare wild plants are listed as the first batch of national protection. Wild plants are most abundant in mountainous areas. There are abundant forest and grassland plants, as well as meadows, swamps and aquatic plants. There are 504 genera of vascular plants 1668 species in grassland, belonging to 12 1 family. There are more than 900 species with forage value and more than 200 species with excellent forage. Wild plants in Inner Mongolia can be divided into more than ten categories according to their economic uses. There are more than 70 kinds of fiber plants, such as Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mongolia, larch, Populus euphratica, nettle, big leaf, reed, cattail, Salix psammophila and Salix rubra are important raw materials for papermaking, textile, rope making and man-made fiber. There are more than 500 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, such as ginseng, gastrodia elata, ephedra, cistanche deserticola, Bupleurum, licorice, astragalus, Lycium barbarum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora and almond. Seeds of dozens of plants such as hazelnut, apricot, Thalictrum, Trollius chinensis, pine nuts and Xanthoceras sorbifolia are good raw materials for extracting oil. Fruits such as Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rubus Rubus, Zizishan, Red Bean and Cherry Mountain are important raw materials for brewing. Wild fruits such as seabuckthorn, wild hawthorn, Vitex negundo, autumn pear, rose hip and strawberry are rich in vitamins. Among dozens of edible plants, Hericium erinaceus, Tricholoma and Nostoc flagelliforme are the most famous. More than 50 kinds of plants, such as lily and Lycoris radiata, have important uses in printing and dyeing and starch industry. Caragana korshinskii, Artemisia arenaria, Acacia angustifolia, Iris purpurea and Kochia scoparia have unique uses in sand fixation, alkali treatment and environmental protection.
There are 24 families 1 14 species of mammals in the whole region, accounting for 25.3% of the 450 species of mammals in China. There are more than 50 species of mammals with industrial hunting value, and more than 0 species of rare animals/kloc-0. There are 365 species of birds of 5l family, accounting for 3L% of China birds 1 186 species. There are 49 species of mammals and birds listed as national first, second and third class protection. Animals include moose, red deer, reindeer, wild donkey, wild horse, wild camel, sika deer, rabbit monkey, mink bear, lynx, musk deer, snow leopard, argali, antelope, green sheep, roe deer, roe deer, black bear, mountain hare and tiger. Birds include red-crowned crane, white crane, white stork, black stork, swan, golden eagle, jade belt sea eagle, bustard, Chinese merganser, red-billed grouse, blue horse chicken, hazel chicken and mandarin duck. Mongolian wild donkeys and camels are the most precious animals in the world, reindeer are endemic animals in Inner Mongolia, and larks are birds in the autonomous region. In addition, rodents are the dominant population in Inner Mongolia grassland. There are 54 species of rodents in the whole region, accounting for about 35% of the national species, and most of them are pests.
Agricultural resources According to the latest survey and statistics of the Land Management Bureau of the autonomous region, the cultivated land area in the whole region is 709 1 10,000 hectares, with a per capita arable land of 0.36 hectares, which is four times that of the whole country, ranking first in the country. The agricultural areas of the autonomous region are mainly distributed in Daxing 'anling, Hetao, Tumochuan Plain, Xiliaohe Plain, Nenjiang Plain and the vast hilly areas east and south of Yinshan Mountain. Inner Mongolia is rich in water resources and rivers are widely distributed. There are 0/07 rivers/kloc-and more than 0/000 lakes/kloc-,with a drainage area of more than 0/000 square kilometers and a surface water reserve of 67.5 billion cubic meters. Inner Mongolia has 93 1000 hectares of water surface, 604,000 hectares of water surface can be used, and 495,000 hectares of water surface have been used, which has broad prospects for developing freshwater aquaculture. Black soil, chernozem, chestnut soil and other soil zones suitable for crop growth are diverse, and the above-ground and underground resources can be utilized, forming an important granary in the autonomous region and even in northern China. There are as many as 25 categories 10266 varieties of crops in Inner Mongolia. The main varieties are wheat, corn, rice, millet, naked oats, sorghum, soybean, potato, beet, flax, sunflower, castor, honeydew melon and black and white melon seeds, among which naked oats, buckwheat and Wallace melon are quite famous. There are also good conditions for the development of cold-resistant and drought-tolerant fruits such as apples, pears, apricots, hawthorn, begonia and sea red fruits.
Animal Husbandry Resources Inner Mongolia has vast natural grasslands, ranking first among the five grasslands in China, and is an important animal husbandry production base in China. The total grassland area is 86.667 million hectares, of which the usable grassland area is 68 million hectares, accounting for 654.38+0/4 of the total grassland area in China. There are six famous grasslands in Inner Mongolia: Hulunbeier, Xilin Gol, Horqin, Wulanchabu, Erdos and Wulate. There are more than 1000 kinds of forage plants here, and there are more than 1000 kinds with high feeding value and strong palatability, especially Leymus chinensis, Festuca arundinacea, Agropyron cristatum, Avena sativa and other grasses, which are very suitable for feeding. From the type point of view, the meadow grassland in northeast Inner Mongolia has fertile soil, abundant precipitation, various forage varieties, high quality and high yield, and is suitable for raising large livestock, especially cattle. The arid grassland in central and southern China has abundant rainfall, and the species, density and yield of pasture are not as good as those of meadow grassland, but the pasture is rich in nutrition and suitable for raising domestic animals such as horses, cattle and sheep, especially sheep. The desert grasslands in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain and the western part of Ordos Plateau have dry climate, few forage species and low forage yield, but high forage fat and protein content, which are excellent grazing places for small animals. The desert grassland in the west is very suitable for developing camels. The famous three hippos, three cows, grassland red bull, Wuzhumuqin big-tailed sheep, Aohan fine-wool sheep, Erdos fine-wool sheep, Arbas cashmere goat and other excellent livestock breeds are well-known inside and outside the region.
Tourism resources Inner Mongolia grassland, scenic spots, deserts, lakes, forests and folk customs "six wonders" constitute unique tourist attractions. The vast prairie in Inner Mongolia is rich and beautiful. The vast forest scenery in Daxinganling has attracted countless domestic and foreign tourists. Mongolian song and dance is a bright pearl in the treasure house of world culture and art, and horse racing, wrestling and archery are known as Mongolian "three arts for men" and are well-known at home and abroad. The traditional Nadam often attracts the strong interest of Chinese and foreign tourists. Wuta Temple in Hohhot, Dazhao, Zhaojun Tomb, Xili Tuzhao, Wusu Tuzhao, Baita, Wudangzhao and Meidaizhao in Baotou, Genghis Khan Cemetery in Yijinhuoluo Banner, Enbukuji in Alashan Zuo Qi, Liaoshangjing, Liaozhongjing and Daming Pagoda in Chifeng City, Gaxian Cave in Oroqen Autonomous Banner and other places of interest are dotted.