Primary education belongs to public goods, and public goods are a non-exclusive service. All residents enjoy the services provided by the government. One person's consumption of this public product does not exclude others' consumption of this public product, or even reduce others' consumption of this public product. The non-exclusiveness of national defense, public safety, justice and other services fully illustrates this point.

However, quasi-public products and private products are different, and they are exclusive. For example, a service provided by a social group or a service provided by an enterprise (or a family) will reduce or even exclude others from enjoying the service when one person enjoys the service.

Educational services with the nature of pure public goods. The following educational services provided by the government as a supplier are purely public goods:

(1) Compulsory education.

(2) Special education refers to the education provided by the government for children and adolescents with physical defects such as blindness, deafness and mental retardation, and the work-study education for middle school students who are not suitable for ordinary middle schools because of minor crimes.

(3) Public education in the form of radio and television.

(4) National civil servant education.

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