Abstract: Project research is the basic point of teachers' professional development and the only way for teachers to embark on the road of "happy research". Through research, teachers can improve the level of education and teaching, thus stimulating students' enthusiasm, tapping students' potential, shaping students' personality, enriching students' emotions, satisfying students' spiritual pursuit, enhancing students' life value and realizing students' happy ideals.

Project research is the basic point of teachers' professional development and the only way for teachers to embark on the "happy research road". Teachers should pay attention to meaningful events in their own practice and valuable puzzles in their daily work, find problems in the seemingly problem-free "teaching inertia", focus on a certain problem when problems accumulate, stimulate students' enthusiasm, tap their potential and shape their personality in the process of education and teaching, thus enriching students' emotions, satisfying their spiritual pursuit, enhancing their life value and realizing their happy ideals. This is the real realm of teachers' scientific research.

Let's talk about how to conduct research from three aspects: topic selection, topic opening and topic conclusion.

First, how to choose a topic for research.

Choosing a topic is the first step of research. The level of topic selection is an important symbol of primary and secondary school teachers' scientific research ability, and the process of topic selection itself is also an important link for primary and secondary school teachers to improve their scientific research ability and move towards specialization. If primary and secondary school teachers want to carry out scientific research effectively, they must first learn how to choose topics.

(A) the principle of topic selection

1. Value principle

The value principle of topic selection means that the selected research topic must have certain theoretical academic value or practical application value of evaluation criteria. Scientific research itself is a purposeful and targeted exploration activity, which requires that the topics selected as the starting point of scientific research must meet the needs of the development of educational science theory itself, which is conducive to verifying, criticizing and developing educational theory and perfecting the theoretical system of educational science itself; It must meet the needs of educational practice and application, help to guide specific education and teaching work, and comprehensively improve the quality of education.

2. Scientific principles

The scientific principle of topic selection means that the selected research topic must conform to the theory and law of educational science, and must have clear guiding ideology and scientific basis. On the one hand, the research topics directly selected by primary and secondary school teachers from their own education and teaching practice must have rich and reliable factual basis and strong pertinence. On the other hand, the guiding ideology of topic selection must be correct and scientific, supported by certain scientific theories, otherwise it will not stand scrutiny and be meaningless.

3. The principle of innovation

The innovative principle of topic selection means that the selected research topic must be innovative, original and breakthrough, that is, the selected topic has not been put forward by others, or has put forward new ideas on the basis of others' research, solved problems that others have not solved, and is novel.

4. Feasibility principle

The feasibility principle of selecting a topic means that the selected research topic must have realistic conditions to ensure its normal development and achieve the expected results. We should fully consider all the necessary conditions of the whole scientific research process, including subjective and objective conditions. Subjective conditions mainly include the researcher's own knowledge structure, theoretical accomplishment, research ability, scientific research personality, hobbies and so on; Objective conditions mainly include materials, equipment, time, personnel, funds, necessary administrative support and research opportunities to ensure the smooth development of the project.

(B) the path of topic selection

1. Choose a topic from educational practice. Educational practice is the first source of research. Primary and secondary school teachers live and work every day. In the practice of education and teaching, they have the most direct feelings about education and teaching. We should make full use of our own advantages and specialties to find the most practical and effective research topics from the aspects of classroom, teaching materials, students and management, so as to make research and practice harmonious and unified.

2. Choose topics from social needs. At present, China's society is in the process of rapid change, and a series of important and urgent research topics have been put forward to the education sector, such as quality education, innovative education, reducing students' burden, and teachers' professional development, all of which need further in-depth study by teachers.

3. Choose a topic from scientific theory. Education and teaching theories and theories related to education and teaching are another important channel for teachers to choose research topics. In China, the theory of subject education has been formed, but it has not yet formed a complete science. Although many education-related disciplines are quite mature, with the development of the times and the progress of disciplines, there will be new gaps in any theory of any discipline to be filled. These are exactly the topics that teachers should pay attention to. For example, based on the theory of reception aesthetics, we should study students' dominant position and role in reading, and study the cultural connotation and expression forms in textbooks according to the theory of anthropoculturology.

4. Choose a theme from academic information. At present, whether at home or abroad, academic development changes with each passing day, and new information is flooding in, which also provides excellent conditions for teachers' research. New academic information mainly comes from two aspects: one is from new concepts and theories, and the other is from new facts and trends. As a teacher, we should have the sensitivity of a researcher, capture new information in time, and link it with education and teaching research, find new research topics from it, and make ourselves at the forefront of education research.

In fact, there are still many channels for choosing a topic. We should obtain the topic from the topic guide issued by relevant departments, refine the topic from advanced experience and methods, find the topic from the historical materials of subject education, and establish the topic from personal interests and specialties.

Second, how to open a good topic in research.

The key of research is the writing of research plan (report).

A complete opening report mainly includes the following aspects:

(a) the name of the project

Principal name is the name of the principal. This seems like a small problem, but in fact, when many people write a topic, they often write it inaccurately and inappropriately, thus affecting the image and quality of the whole topic. This is what most people call "just having children, not naming them". So, how to name the topic?

1. The name should be accurate. Accuracy is the name of this subject. It is necessary to make it clear what the subject is and what the research object is. For example, in the Experimental Research on Mental Health Education for Primary School Students, the research object is primary school students, not middle school students or college students. The main method of research is experimental research, which makes it very clear that others will know what this topic is to study at a glance. But the names of some topics are not very accurate. For example, the name "Research on Moral Education Infiltration in Subject Teaching" has no clear research object and problems. Are you a middle school student, a primary school student or a college student? All subjects are still only Chinese and mathematics. In short, the title of the topic must be consistent with the content of the study, neither too big nor too small, and it should accurately summarize the objects and problems you are studying.

2. The name should be standardized. Standardization means that the use of words and sentence patterns should be standardized and scientific, and specious words, slogans and conclusion sentences should not be used. Because we are conducting scientific research, we should express our thoughts and opinions in scientific and standardized language. For example, the topic of "cultivating students' autonomous learning ability and improving classroom teaching efficiency" is not very good as a topic, because the topic is what we want to solve, and this issue is being discussed and studied, and it is impossible to have a final tone.

3. The name should be concise. Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words.

(B) Research significance

First of all, we should introduce the research situation of this topic at home and abroad. This part should be both theoretical and practical, and it is necessary to consult the materials carefully to understand the research done by predecessors or others on the related issues of this topic, such as guiding ideology, research scope, research methods and research results. On this basis, this paper expounds what aspects should be discovered and innovated in this study. Then state the purpose and significance of this study. In short, this part should answer the question "why do you want to study this topic?"

(iii) Research objectives

The goal of the research is to achieve specific goals and solve specific problems. Compared with the purpose and guiding ideology, the research goal is more specific, and it must be clearly written. Only when the goal is clear and specific can we know what the specific direction of research is and what the focus of research is, and our thinking will not be disturbed by various factors.

(4) Research content

With the research goal of the subject, it is necessary to determine the specific content of the subject according to the goal, which is more specific and clear than the research goal. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When determining the research content, some teachers often don't consider it very specifically. The research content written is particularly general and vague, and it is very unfavorable for the whole research to regard the purpose and significance of the research as the research content. So learn to break down the topic and do it bit by bit.

(v) Research methods

Any scientific research should not only use philosophical methods and general scientific methods, but also have specific research methods and technical means. The "research method" part mainly reflects how the research of a subject verifies our hypothesis and why this method should be used. And what to do and how to do it. There are many methods of educational research, including historical research, investigation research, experimental research, comparative research, theoretical research and action research. A large project often needs many methods. A small project may be mainly one method, but other methods are also needed.

(vi) Research steps

The step of project research is the arrangement of project research in time and order. The relationship and difficulty of the research content should be fully considered in the research steps. Generally speaking, they all start from the basic problems and proceed in stages. There must be rules for the beginning and end of each stage.

(vii) Form of results

The forms of research results include reports, papers, monographs, software and courseware. The content and form of research results are different with different topics, but no matter what form, the research of the topic must have results, otherwise, the topic will not be completed.

(8) Organizational structure and division of labor

The project leader, deputy team leader, project team members and division of labor shall be specified in the plan. The leader of the research group is the person in charge of this topic. The division of labor of the research group must be clear and reasonable, so that everyone knows their work and responsibilities and does not eat the same pot. However, on the basis of division of labor, we should also pay attention to the cooperation of all personnel, and we should study and discuss together to overcome various difficulties and problems in the research process.

(9) Equipment conditions and budget

Any research needs certain equipment and research funds, and educational research is no exception. Materials that are valuable for research, such as research work, materials related to test questions and questionnaires, budgets and conditions that need to be prepared, must be clearly written. But seek truth from facts, not the more the better, and write nonsense.

Third, what should be paid attention to when summing up the research?

(A) the materials needed for the conclusion

The conclusion of educational scientific research is a summary of the whole research and an evaluation of the research results. What materials are needed to complete an educational research project? Generally, the following materials need to be prepared:

1. Closing application report;

2. Project declaration report;

3. Notice of project approval;

4. Stage summary of the research;

5. Final conclusion report of the study;

6. Annex:

(1) project results;

(2) Relevant research materials of the subject, etc.

Composition of the expert group

The conclusion of a project is mainly to identify the results of this project, so it is necessary to set up an expert group to complete the identification of the results of the project. The composition of the expert group is generally composed of subject experts and personnel with certain scientific research ability and level, and can also be determined through consultation with the research group.

(three) the submission and review of the closing materials

1. Submit settlement materials.

After submitting the application report, the application materials can only be submitted after the approval of the higher authorities. When submitting the closing materials, it is generally necessary to prepare a copy of the expert group to facilitate the review of the materials by the expert group.

2. The expert group reviewed the closing materials.

After receiving the closing materials submitted by the project, the expert group will review the closing materials. Generally speaking, the expert group mainly reviews the research on this topic in the materials, mainly including the following aspects:

(1) What is the significance of the topic?

(2) Whether the research design of the subject is scientific and reasonable;

(3) The research process of the subject includes whether the management process is scientific;

(4) Whether the research method of the subject is correct, especially whether the relevant variables are input and controlled, and whether the data and information collection are scientific and sufficient;

(5) How about the research results of the project, especially whether there are enough data and materials to explain and demonstrate the results, including qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and how valuable the research results of the project are;

(6) What are the characteristics of the research?

(7) What problems still exist in the research of the subject, and what suggestions are made for the further research of the subject.

After completing the above work, the expert group may request a conclusion demonstration meeting.

(4) Holding a conclusion demonstration meeting.

After reviewing the final materials, the expert group can hold a conclusion demonstration meeting, which is generally organized by the expert group, and the research group is responsible for providing the venue and meeting reception.

Conclusion The agenda of the demonstration meeting is generally as follows:

1. The expert group can listen to the brief explanation or introduction of the research by the research group, or supplement the summary materials.

2. When necessary, the expert group can also attend lectures or consult relevant departments to verify relevant data, or hold small-scale seminars and lectures for teachers and students.

3. After the expert group completes the lecture or holds a small symposium and listens to the brief introduction of the research group, it may ask the research group to reply on the relevant issues of the research.

4. After the defense meeting, the expert group held a meeting to further discuss the evaluation of the project results.

5. The expert group announced and submitted the evaluation results of the research results to the research group. The evaluation results of the expert group can be used as the basis for the certification of research results and the basis for relevant scientific research awards.

The above is the general agenda of the conclusion discussion.

(5) Summarize some points that should be paid attention to.

1. Before submitting the closing application, the research group should make full preparations for the closing materials, especially the writing of the closing report (see "Case 2" for the writing method of the closing report).

2 should objectively and truly reflect the research results of the project, and correctly understand the problems existing in the project research process. Failure is also success, and further research on similar projects in the future is valuable experience.

● Operating point

Excellent teachers need the following five steps to do a good job in research:

Step 1: Determine the research question.

This is the beginning of the research and a key step. The research of the subject should pay attention to all kinds of meaningful teaching phenomena and events, and emphasize the special behavior or ideological phenomenon in education in the research. The problems to be studied in this project should be educational phenomena and events with research significance. It includes two meanings: first, the education and teaching activities in which problems plague teachers; Second, this problem is a common phenomenon or a typical problem, which is of practical significance to teachers. When the research question is determined, the teacher's research on the subject will have a direction.

Step 2: Select the research object.

Screening the research object is the guarantee for the smooth development of the research. The choice of objects is not only related to typicality, but also closely related to good communication and enough enthusiasm between teachers and students. The research object can be the classroom or the students. It can be a group or an individual. Teachers should effectively establish specific research objects according to their own subject objectives.

Step 3: Enter the research situation.

Being able to directly enter the teaching situation is the shortcut and advantage of the research. The process of studying the situation is the process of teachers' own teaching activities and understanding the research object. This is the first source for teachers to get real information. For the personal research in the subject, I am an indispensable part of the teaching situation, and I can naturally get the original information; Group research can obtain information through teaching and research activities such as designing teaching plans, preparing lessons, attending classes and evaluating classes.

Step 4: Analyze the research data.

The research of the subject can not be separated from the analysis and research of specific teaching problems. This process is not only a process of reflection by teachers, but also a process of dialogue between teachers and these teaching phenomena and events. Every time the teacher analyzes and studies the materials, it is a new dialogue with the text, which will produce new understanding and sentiment, and then seek reasonable meaning explanation and problem solving. Of course, when analyzing research data, we should pay special attention to avoid subjective assumptions and behind closed doors, and let the data speak for themselves. In this process, teachers should organize the collected data into orderly phenomena and events, so as to draw conclusions in dynamic teaching and analytical research.

Step 5: Write a research report.

The research report is a summary of the work done. It includes not only the narrative description of phenomena and events, but also the descriptive analysis, research and prospect of phenomena and events. This study needs to show the existing problems, reasons and solutions in detail, so as to guide practical teaching, promote teachers' professional development and truly promote students' all-round development.