1, autonomous learning: Autonomous learning refers to the way that students consciously use metacognitive strategies, motivation strategies and behavior strategies to actively and effectively learn under the scientific guidance of teachers. Autonomous learning is one of the most effective ways to promote students' development. Autonomous learning emphasizes that students can make their own choices and control in all aspects of learning. Autonomous learning advocated by the new curriculum reform refers to cultivating students' learning ability under certain teaching conditions, with students' intrinsic learning motivation as the premise, students' mastery of certain learning strategies as the guarantee and students' will control as the condition.

2. Cooperative learning: Students are divided into groups to complete learning tasks. The members of each group have different grades, abilities, genders and personalities, and they have a clear division of labor and help each other. Finally, the overall performance of the group is taken as the evaluation basis. Cooperative learning, because each group is heterogeneous, lays the foundation for mutual assistance and cooperation, and the groups are homogeneous, ensuring fair competition among all groups in the class. Cooperative learning is multilateral, including cooperation between students and cooperation between students and teachers. Students can not only learn relevant knowledge, but also learn how to communicate, how to deal with interpersonal relationships and exercise team spirit.

3. Inquiry learning: Inquiry learning refers to the learning activities in which students choose and determine topics from nature, society and life under the guidance of teachers, carry out inquiry activities in the form of individual or group cooperation, comprehensively use known knowledge to acquire knowledge, and cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems and creativity. Research-based learning helps students to link the learning process with their own life and social practice, stimulate students' emotion and experience of active learning, cultivate students' correct learning attitude and learning purpose, and ensure the realization of curriculum objectives. Compared with receptive learning, inquiry learning is more problematic, practical, participatory and open.