"National Style" is the essence of The Book of Songs and a bright pearl in the treasure house of ancient literature and art in China. The folk songs of Zhou Dynasty in "National Style" reflect the real life of working people with colorful pictures, express their unfair treatment in the situation of exploitation and oppression and their belief in striving for a better life, and are the source of China's realistic poems. In July, we saw the bloody life of slaves, and in Getan, we realized the awakening of the class consciousness of the exploited. Disgruntled slaves boldly asked parasites and vampires who got something for nothing: "If you don't get enough, you can't get enough." If you don't raise or hunt, is there a county badger in Huzhan Pavilion? "Some poems also describe the workers' direct struggle with the ruling class in order to obtain the right to life. In this regard, Shuo has a shocking power. There are some poems in the "national style" that reflect the great pain brought to the people by the military corvee, such as Yin, Bo and Serviceman, which are the representative works of this kind of poems. There are also many love poems of "national style". It is an important theme of this kind of love poems to reflect the great pain brought to women by unreasonable marriage and express the yearning and pursuit of young men and women for a happy marriage. Meng and Meng show us such a picture of life. And Bai Zhou also has a distinct and strong sense of resistance. Love songs with healthy and optimistic tone (such as Quiet Girl and Papaya) add a sense of harmony and joy to love poems. All these are true expressions of the thoughts and feelings of the working people.
There are also many ballads satirizing and lashing the ruling class in National Wind, such as Xintai, Nanshan and Zhu Lin.
The realistic creative method of describing things in simple language and reflecting social reality with simple life paintings well embodies the "national style" and becomes its remarkable artistic feature. In terms of image-building, Guofeng also has realistic artistic characteristics. The author can express his emotions and describe the protagonist's actions and personality characteristics through his inner feelings. The "national style" is mostly four words and one sentence in form, which rhymes with other sentences, but it is not the same. It often breaks through the four-character grid and uses two-character, three-character, five-character, seven-character or eight-character sentences. For example, Vatan is a poem with miscellaneous words. These poems, which are full of changes with the fluctuation of emotions, have clear rhythm and a sense of music. The language of "national wind" is accurate, beautiful and vivid. Accurate and proper use of disyllables, rhymes and words adds artistic charm. The artistic techniques of fu, bi and xing greatly enhance the expressive force of "national style"
Poetry and Fu are both music songs used by the ruling class on specific occasions. They can't be compared with the "national style" with realistic spirit and people's nature in ideological content, but because they more or less reflect some aspects of social life, they also have certain social significance and cognitive value.
The Book of Songs is the glorious starting point of China literature and the symbol of the early development of China literature. His realistic spirit of "hungry people sing about their food and laborers sing about their things" has the greatest influence on later literature. The Book of Songs occupies a very high position in the cultural history of China and even the world.
The Book of Songs consists of 305 articles, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. There are also six articles: Nanchang, Bai Hua, Shu Hua, Yougeng, Chongqiu and Youyi. "Wind" is also called "national wind", which is what you call national wind.
Judging from the general content of poetry, it is like this:
Wind has fifteen national styles and is a folk song of all countries in the world. This part of literature has the highest achievements, including praising beautiful things such as love and labor, complaining and angry about homesickness, thinking about people and opposing oppression and bullying.
Ya is divided into Ya and Xiaoya, both of which are used for banquet ceremonies. The main content is to praise the heroes of the past and satirize the current politics. Pray for a bumper harvest for the nobles and praise Zude's poems. Xiaoya also has some folk songs.
Ode is a poem dedicated to the ancestral temple. It is a music song enshrined by the rulers, including ancestors, mountains and rivers, and farmers.
The poems in Ya and Ode are of great value to our study of early history, religion and society. Confucius once summarized the purpose of the Book of Songs as "innocence" and educated his disciples and children to read the Book of Songs as their standard of speech and action. Among the pre-Qin philosophers, many people quoted The Book of Songs, such as Mencius, Xunzi, Mozi, Zhuangzi and Han Feizi. Quote the sentences in the Book of Songs to enhance your persuasiveness. Later, The Book of Songs was regarded as a classic by Confucianism and became one of the Six Classics (including Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites, Yue, Yi, Spring and Autumn) and Five Classics (without Yue).
From the ideological content:
The book of songs has a wide range of ideas, which mainly reflects the social life from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. Its main contents include the following aspects:
The first is the love poem that expresses the theme of love and marriage. This kind of poetry accounts for one-third of the book, and it is also the most wonderful part of the book. Or write about the harmony and joy when a boy and a girl are in love, the pain and sadness when they are lovelorn, and praise the hero's loyalty and brave pursuit of love, such as Guan Ju, Jing Nv, Jia Jian and Bai Zhou. Or write about the misfortune of love and marriage, showing the pain of persecution, humiliation and abandonment of women in society at that time, such as Sun Moon, General Zhong Zi and Mang.
Second, agricultural poems describing agricultural production. There are also many such poems, some of which praise the agricultural achievements and boast about the vast land, numerous farmers and bumper harvests, such as The Minister's Work, Hiding Hillbilly, Disguised Hillbilly, Good Hillbilly and Hillbilly of Zhou Song. Some describe cheerful labor scenes, such as Nan Zhou Miyi; Some describe the busyness of work and life, such as July.
Third, poems about war and corvee. This kind of poems mainly show that the war and corvee have brought heavy disasters and sufferings to the people, or they are written with sincere feelings, sad style and tragic plots, such as Dongshan, unknown East, what grass is yellow, and gentlemen are in service. There are also a few works that show patriotism, such as Qin Feng Without Clothes, Yan Feng Eating, Xiaoya Cai Wei and so on.
The fourth is Fu. Most of these poems were written by officials or officials, and most of them were preserved in Three Odes, and there were also many poems in Ya. Some eulogize the fate of the emperor and seek theological basis for the rationality of Zhou Wang's rule, such as The Destiny of Wei Tian and Wang Wen. Some praise the meritorious military service and preach majesty, such as Yanwu and Jianghan; Some people praise their guests with feasts, such as Luming Literature and Jiayu in the south.
Fifth, reflect social contradictions and expose critical reality. This kind of poems mainly exist in "Ya" poems and "National Style", with a distinctive mark of troubled times. Most of the resentful poems in Erya are satirical exhortations from officials and scholars, and some of them satirize the present by borrowing ancient times, such as Dang and the First Month. More is to criticize the shortcomings of the times and point out that people's labor, boards, swings and other bad kings. Others take reprimanding the adulterer as the theme, such as Xiang Bo and The First Month. Most of the bitter poems in Guo Feng come from the people, which more directly reflect the thoughts, feelings and wishes of the lower class. Its content is deeper and wider, resentment is stronger, satire is sharper, and it has a stronger critical spirit, such as Storytelling, Cutting Tan, Xintai, Nanshan and Yellow Bird.
Sixth, Zhou epic. Five Zhou epics, Daya, Gong Liu, Mian, Huang Yi and Daming, are preserved in Daya, and the glorious history of Zhou's birth, entrepreneurship, founding and prosperity is completely outlined with thick lines. There are few epics handed down from generation to generation, and this group of poems is especially precious.
Artistic style:
Artistic features of The Book of Songs.
[1] The artistic expression of Fu, Bi and Xing.
Fu: To tell the truth. The poet expresses his thoughts, feelings and related things in a straightforward way.
Bobby: For example.
Xing: touching things makes words. Objective things trigger the poet's emotions and cause the poet to sing, so most of them are at the beginning of the poem.
These three are often used in combination.
[2] Sentence patterns and composition.
The sentence pattern of The Book of Songs is mainly four characters, and four sentences are independent chapters, ranging from two to eight characters. The two-beat four-sentence has a strong sense of rhythm and is the basic unit that constitutes the neat rhythm of the Book of Songs. Four-sentence rhythm is clear, slightly shorter, and the rhyme of repeated sentences and disyllables seems to go back and forth, soothing and gentle. The repetitive structure of repeated chapters and sentences in The Book of Songs is not only convenient for repeated singing around the same melody, but also has a good effect on meaning expression and rhetoric.
Many repeated chapters in the Book of Songs are all overlapped by the same chapter, and only a few words are changed to express the process of action and the change of mood.
Overlapping sentences, some of which are the same poem overlapping in different chapters, such as "maple maple?" 6? 1 Nan Zhou Dongshan? 6? 1 Han Guang etc. Some identical or similar poems overlap in the same chapter, such as "Zhao Nan? 6? 1 Jiang Yousi is both a heavy chapter and a refrain.
The advantage of repeating chapters and sentences is that it is conducive to singing memory, emotional expression and highlighting the theme of chanting.
Reduplication in The Book of Songs is also called tautology. There are many couplets in The Book of Songs, which are characterized by double rhyme. Their advantages are that when poetry is sung or recited, the syllables are soothing and melodious, and the language has musical beauty.
There are many rhyming ways in The Book of Songs. It is common that a chapter only uses one rhyme part, and every other sentence rhymes on even sentences. Later poems also have unusual rhymes. Some endings don't rhyme, and some poems use more than two rhymes. Some don't rhyme.