Zhenjiang Jurong Maoshan
geographical position
Maoshan is located 40 kilometers east of Jintan City (Jintan County/City) in Jiangsu Province, covering an area of more than 50 square kilometers. 1985 is listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Jiangsu province. Maoshan Mountain, 372.5 meters above sea level, has beautiful scenery and lush trees, including Jiu Feng, 26 caves and 19 springs. Among the mountains with overlapping peaks, there are caves such as Huayang Cave and Qinglong Cave, and various artificial reservoirs are scattered all over the place, making Maoshan more beautiful, which can be described as "seeing mountains in spring, summer, autumn and winter". Maoshan Mountain is also a famous Taoist shrine. According to legend, in the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (44 BC), three brothers from Maoshan, Xianyang, Shaanxi, came to Maoshan to collect medicine and make an alchemy, saving the world and saving people, and were called the founders of Maoshan Taoism. Tao Hongjing, a hermit in Qi and Liang Dynasties, founded Maoshan Taoism. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Maoshan Mountain has been listed as the "first blessed land and the eighth cave" of Taoism, attracting many people. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Marshal Chen Yi and other revolutionary ancestors launched guerrilla warfare with the enemy here, making it one of the six famous anti-Japanese base areas in China. Maoshan Mountain has the characteristics of "beautiful mountains, holy roads and strange caves". The main scenic spots in the area are Maoshan Taoist Temple, Wanfu Palace, Silver Palace, Gan Yuan Palace, Huayang Cave, Jinniu Cave and the New Fourth Army Memorial Hall.
Maoshan Mountain, located in jurong city, southwest of Jiangsu Province, is one of the main mountain ranges in Jiangsu Province. Maoshan Mountain is named Qushan, also known as Jinling Difei Mountain, because of its winding mountain and the shape of "Ji". Taoism says that "Qu Qu Jinling is a blessed place to cultivate truth and a spiritual city to become a god". During the Western Han Dynasty, Mao Shi, three brothers, Mao Gu and Mao Zhong from Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, came to Qushan to help the world. Later, in order to commemorate Mao's achievements, Qushan was changed to Sanmaoshan, referred to as Maoshan for short. The main peak, Damao Peak, is 372.5 meters above sea level, and the scenic area is about 7 1.2 square kilometers. The traffic inside and outside the scenic spot is convenient, extending in all directions, with Maoshan Town as the center, about 60 kilometers away from Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Changzhou, about 300 kilometers away from Shanghai in the east and Hangzhou in the south, and only 38 kilometers away from Nanjing Lukou International Airport.
Talent gathering
Maoshan is a famous Taoist shrine. Maoshan Taoism has a long history. According to legend, as early as 5,000 years ago, there was an exhibition of practitioners in the Gaoxin era in Fulong, Ququ Mountain (now Chen Yu Village, Maoshan Town). During the pre-Qin period, Guo Si, a native of Yan State, practiced in Chen Yu Temple. During the Qin dynasty, Li Ming practiced in the ancient alchemy institute (now Gan Yuan view); In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Ge Hong, a jurong, practiced in Baopufeng, Maoshan, and wrote a book. In the second year of Xingning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (364), Yang, Xu, etc. compiled The True Classics of the Great Hole in the Qing Dynasty, and founded the Maoshan Shangqing School with unique Jiangnan characteristics. Tao Hongjing, a famous Taoist priest in the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, lived in seclusion in Maoshan for more than 40 years, and was the main successor of the Shangqing School in Maoshan. Maoshan Taoism enjoys a high reputation and status in the history of Taoism in China, and has won the reputation of "the immortal mansion in Qin and Han Dynasties, the prime minister in Liang and Tang Dynasties" and "the first blessed land and the eighth cave". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taoism in Maoshan reached its peak, with more than 300 Taoist buildings, more than 5,000 palaces, temples and palaces, and thousands of Taoists. It was called "seventy-two Maoan temples with three palaces and five temples". The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Cultural Revolution severely damaged Maoshan Taoist Temple. The restoration of Maoshan Taoist Temple began in the late 1970s, and 1982 was approved by the State Council as the first batch of key temples open to the outside world. As the saying goes, "If you want good luck, go to the blessed land-Maoshan". Xiao Jiu Wanfu Palace (Dinggong), as an important place of Maoshan Taoist culture, has always been a place for tourists to burn incense in the mountains.
Maoshan is a sacred revolutionary shrine. Because of its mountainous terrain, Maoshan is adjacent to Nanjing in the west, the Yangtze River in the north, Songhu in the east and Zhexi in the south, which has always been a battleground for military strategists. 1937, 1937 At the beginning of February, the Japanese army occupied Maoshan, burning, killing, looting and savagely ravaging, and the people were restless. 1June, 938, Chen Yi, Su Yu and Zhang Dingcheng led the first, second and advance detachments of the New Fourth Army of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army to enter Maoshan area, widely mobilized the masses, launched anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare, created anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, and became one of the six mountain anti-Japanese base areas in China. The establishment of Maoshan Anti-Japanese Base Area was like a sword inserted into the enemy's heart, which greatly restrained the enemy's heavy forces and made valuable contributions to the victory of China people War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In those difficult years, how many heroic martyrs shed their heads and blood for Mao Shan's revolutionary cause. They are extremely proud to strengthen the majestic posture of Maoshan, and they confirmed the immortal elegance of Maoshan with the oath of majestic mountains and rivers. They will stay in the hearts of the people forever! Here, let us once again recall the heroic feats of the martyrs in the face of hard facts. The Red Tour of Maoshan has become the first choice for institutions, schools, troops, enterprises, institutions and party organizations to carry out patriotism and revolutionary tradition education.
Maoshan is a beautiful scenic spot. The natural scenery of Maoshan Mountain is fresh and beautiful, and the mountainous area is unique, thriving and charming. Since ancient times, there have been beautiful scenery of Jiu Feng, Nineteen Springs, Twenty-six Cave and Twenty-eight Ponds. The mountains here are not high but beautiful and elegant, and the water here is not deep but clear. In spring, you can go to Maoshan, where trees are shaded and plants are fragrant. The bright yellow of the world sets off this green mountain, and the wild flowers all over the mountains give this mountain a wild dream. The mist is as light as yarn and the sunset is picturesque. In summer, you can go to Maoshan, where trees are shaded and lush. You can sweat like rain on the nine bends and eighteen bends under the shade of trees, trying to compete with the mountains; You can also watch the sunrise and enjoy the colorful clouds at dusk. After the rain, Chu Qing saw a thin cloud lingering in the deep valley and secluded forest. At this time, the trees on the mountain are crystal green. Maoshan autumn tour, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the colors are colorful. Maple leaves covered with forests will certainly arouse your infinite reverie, watch reed flowers swaying lightly in the wind, listen to the tinkling of Xike spring water, and feel the cycle of life in casual dullness. Traveling in Maoshan in winter is covered in silver and foggy. It's still warm sunshine, and all over the mountains and plains are ideals that are ready to go. Listening to Yue Xian, a Taoist priest, in his silence, he felt that "flowers fly three thousand miles to Buddha's land, and people are on the twelfth floor of Yaochi"!
Maoshan is a hilly area with beautiful scenery and rich natural resources. It is rich in forest tea fruits, especially medicinal materials, and it is a natural drug treasure house. In Compendium of Materia Medica compiled by Li Shizhen, a famous pharmacologist in Ming Dynasty, there are more than 380 kinds of Maoshan medicinal materials, among which Atractylodes lancea and Polygonatum sibiricum named after Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty are the best. 19 15, Atractylodes lancea won the gold medal in Panama.
scenic spot
Maoshanzi 1986 was approved by Jiangsu provincial people's government as a provincial-level scenic spot. After years of construction and development, remarkable economic and social benefits have been achieved. 200 1, Maoshan Scenic Area was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist area by the National Tourism Administration, and the Memorial Hall of the New Fourth Army was designated as a national patriotic education demonstration base by Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China. In 2003, Maoshan Scenic Area was jointly awarded the title of demonstration site of provincial civilized tourist area by Jiangsu Provincial People's Government, Provincial Civilization Committee, Provincial Construction Department and Provincial Tourism Bureau. At present, Maoshan Scenic Area has formed a tourism cluster with 990 Wanfu Palace, Fuyuan Wanning Palace, Laozi Statue, Xikequan, Huayang Cave, Xianren Cave, Deguan Site, New Fourth Army Memorial Hall and Sunan Anti-Japanese War Victory Monument as the main body, and receives more than 6.5438+million pilgrims and tourists every year. Maoshan Mountain is well-known at home and abroad for its unique form: the peculiar phenomenon of "setting off firecrackers in front of the monument and blowing horns in the air" in Sunan Anti-Japanese War Victory Monument is called "world-class spectacle" and has been listed as one of the top scenic spots in Jiangsu Province; The open-air statue of Laozi, which is 99 feet high and weighs 106 tons, is welded by 226 bronze plates and has been selected into Guinness World Records. What's even more amazing is that the natural beehive on the hand of Laozi's statue can reach more than 3 feet in diameter, just like the ring worn by Laozi, more like Laozi sprinkling elixir on the world; The hospitable Xike Spring and the unique three eccentricities make people linger; Huayang Cave, which is under development, will definitely show people more magic. ...
Maoshan, which has experienced vicissitudes, is full of magic. Pavilions and pavilions are full of paintings, and landscapes are full of feelings. Beautiful and charming natural scenery, well-documented human landscape, anecdotes everywhere, magical and strange natural creations and confusing Taoist symbols will definitely arouse your greatest interest.
Maoshan Taoism
Taoism originated from Taoism Laozi, Zhuangzi and Liezi, and formed Taoism in Jin Dynasty. Taoism is also divided into north and south factions. Northern Taoism is the "Zuo Fu School", and both Fu and Confucianism are symbols with the name of God written on them. Northern Taoism believes that people get sick because of ghosts, so they should kill ghosts with fu and ru and exorcise demons with swords. Southern Taoism, on the other hand, believes that people get sick because of the disharmony between Yin and Yang. If they want to live forever, they need to supplement Dan, so southern Taoism is called "Dante School". Ghost hunters are generally northern Taoist priests, while alchemists are generally southern Taoist priests.
Northern Taoism was founded by Zhang Daoling. Later generations said that Zhang Tianshi was not alone in Zhang Daoling, and his descendants were all called Zhang Tianshi. Nanzong Taoism was founded by Zhong Maojun (Mao Ying).
When it was founded, Mao Gu and Mao Zhong were not leaders. Whether it is northern Taoism or southern Taoism, it relies on treating diseases to save people, gathering many believers and gradually forming sects. After its establishment, its theoretical system was still far from perfect, and it was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that a relatively perfect ideological system was formed. The northern Taoist system is mainly enriched and sorted out by Kou, while the southern Taoist talents are more. Through the efforts of three generations of Ge Hong, Lu and Tao Hongjing, a complete theoretical system of the school was formed, especially Bao Puzi, Lao Zi, Zhuangzi and Liezi written by Ge Hong were called "Four Books" by later generations.
Ge Hong, Jurong, refers to Ge Hong's grandfather Ge Xuan, not Ge Hong. Lu, a native of Zhejiang, whose real name is Dan Yuan. [/font] Tao Hongjing is from Danyang. Tao Hongjing is a real man in Huayang and a prime minister in the mountains. Liang Wudi once asked him why he lived in seclusion in Maoshan. Tao Hongjing wrote a poem and replied, "What's in the mountains? There are many white clouds on the mountain, so you can only be complacent, but you can't catch them. "
The immortal spectrum of southern Taoism is slightly different from that of the north. According to the Bitmap of True Spirit, during the period of "Taoism gives birth to one, two and three", there were three immortals, namely the God of Heaven in the early Yuan Dynasty, the Lord of the Avenue and the Emperor of Taiji Jinque. There were four immortals in the "Sansheng" period, namely, the old gentleman (Lao Zi) in the north, Zhang Tianshi (Zhang Feng), Mao Jun (Mao Ying) in the south and Emperor Yin in the north.
Taizhou Xinghua Maoshan
general situation
The ancient town of Maoshan has a civilization history of more than two thousand years. During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, three Mao Shi brothers (Mao Ying, Mao Zhong and Mao Gu) came to this temple, hence the name "Sanmaoshan", or "Beimaoshan" for short. The town is located in the intersection of Xinghua, Dongtai and Jiangyan, with superior geographical position and convenient land and water transportation. It is adjacent to Dainan Town, the hometown of stainless steel in China in the east, and Zhouzhuang Town and Chenbao Town in the west. The provincial highways Tanggang River and Xingjiang River pass through the territory, and the Maogu Highway running through the town is connected to Ningjingyan Expressway in the east and Xingtai first-class highway in the west, and the time and space distance from Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and other cities is within 3 hours. This town is an important production, research and development, special logistics, information and financial center of stainless steel industrial cluster in Dai Nan, China.
The town covers an area of 42.7 square kilometers, including 32,000 mu of cultivated land, with a total population of 3 108 1 and a non-agricultural population of 4,256. It has jurisdiction over 10 administrative villages and community neighborhood committees in Jiang Tai, Maoshan East, Maoshan West, Jixun, Maoshan North, Chaoyangzhuang, Yang Xue, Gu Feng, Sunwang and Zhu Zhuang. In 2007, the GDP was 204 million yuan, the fiscal revenue was12.29 million yuan, there were 7,500 employees in the tertiary industry, the added value of the tertiary industry was 79.34 million yuan, and the year-end deposit was 1400 1 10,000 yuan. More than 6,000 cable TV households have been opened. The penetration rate of tap water is 99%, and the per capita net income of farmers is 6 138 yuan.
In 1950s, "Maoshan People's Commune" was personally commended by Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council, and was rated as an advanced unit of socialist construction. Sunwang Village in Maoshan Town was once as famous as Huaxi Village in Jiangyin. Maoshan chant was created by Maoshan people's labor. It sang all the way to Zhongnanhai, was praised by Mao Zedong, and won prizes in international competitions. Nowadays, a brand-new and open Maoshan Town is warmly welcoming people from all walks of life to invest and develop with the most beautiful environment, the most preferential policies and the most enthusiastic service to create a better tomorrow for Maoshan.
Maoshan Jingde Temple
Jingde Temple, located in the ancient town of Maoshan in Xinghua, Jiangsu, has a history of nearly two thousand years. As early as the Han Dynasty, in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, there were three brothers Mao Shi, the eldest brother, the second brother Mao Gu and the third brother Mao Zhong, who saw through the world of mortals and wrote a sigh that "willow green only looks at spring, chrysanthemum yellow looks at autumn wind, splendor always dreams in the middle of the night, and wealth is still like frost in September", so they found a mountain temple. They came to the coast of the Yellow Sea day and night, took Dai Yue's plane and enjoyed a happy meal. They saw a high mountain, towering into the shadows, and fragrant grass and lemongrass everywhere, so they lived in seclusion, cultivated themselves, collected medicine and made an alchemy to save the world. After a long time, the Mao Shi brothers finally achieved a positive result, and they became immortals. Therefore, later generations built Sanmao Taoist Temple, which is called Sanmao Zhenren and Sanmao Mountain. There is an endless stream of people coming to the mountains to learn Taoism and seek medical treatment. At that time, the plague was prevalent in Jurong area in the south of the Yangtze River. I heard that there are three real people in Maoshan, Jiangbei, who are superb in humanitarianism and medical skills, and can cure all diseases, so they came to seek medical treatment. Three real people happily went to Qushan Huayang Cave. After real-life treatment, hundreds of people were cured. After the death of Sanmao Zhenjun, people were grateful, built temples and mountains, and worshipped idols. Since then, Ququ Mountain has been renamed Nanmaoshan, and Sanmaoshan in Jiangbei has been renamed Beimaoshan, or Maoshan for short.
There is a shrine in front of Sanmao Taoist Temple in Maoshan Mountain, which is dedicated to Sanmao Zhenjun and presided over by Taoist priests. Incense is burning all year round. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were many wars and few scholars, and the Taoist temple in Maoshan declined day by day. In the fourth year of Jingdezhen in northern Song Zhenzong (A.D. 1007), Zen master Dejing, the founder of the mountain, hanged a pot here to save the world and changed the temple into a temple. With the title of emperor as "Jingde Temple" and Zen master Dejing as abbot, the ruined temple was restored, and the statue of San Mao Zhen Jun was moved to the top of the mountain, and the Hall of Great Heroes was built in the center of the mountain. The following year, construction was carried out, and Buddhist temples, Buddhist temples and temples were built. At that time, Maoshan was full of citronella, which was fragrant and also called Xiangshan. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, wars were frequent, and the Ursa Major Hall, which had been in disrepair for a long time, once collapsed. In the 23rd year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1390), Zen Master Deju came to the abbot of the temple to rebuild the Hall of Great Heroes and sculpt three giant buddhas and eighteen buddhas. In the fifth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1407), the immortal teachings of Buddhist masters were granted to travel all over the world and pass through Maoshan, so it was renamed "Jingdezhen Zhihua Temple". After years of delay, the temple collapsed, so it fell into the middle earth and changed to "the ancient Jingde Temple in Beimaoshan". In the third year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1724), Master Du Yuan of Yangzhou came to the abbot of the temple at the order of Mu Chen, a famous Buddhist teacher, and tried his best to restore the temple's capacity, promote the holy religion and open the Dojo. In the 23rd year of Qianlong (A.D. 1758), the master of the study followed the abbot of Jisheng and vowed to build this temple alone. After seven or eight years of hard work, the lotus has taken on a new look, the Buddha statue is solemn and solemn, and the temple has taken on a new look. In the 28th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1902), Sanmao Zhenjun Hall was destroyed by fire, and the abbot of Zhou urged it to be heightened and slightly repaired. After Tongzhi, Lang Yue became a monk and advocated Huayan Sect in Maoshan, and Jingde Temple became the ancestral home and Buddhist holy land of Huayan Zhongxing in modern times. In the second year of Xuantong (A.D. 19 10), Sanmentou Temple was destroyed by fire again. The abbot Maeda urged donations everywhere, and the believers donated money and materials to build the original four Tantou temples into six pagodas with three semicircular gates on the left, middle and right, and the words "Ancient Jingde Temple" and stone carvings were embedded in the main entrance. In the 11th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1922), Master Mihai, a famous monk, served as the abbot of the mountain temple, presided over the temple affairs, guided Buddhism, expounded Buddhism, set up a Buddhist college, and collected a large number of Buddhist classics and three treasures from other places. There is a Zen hostel in the temple to receive ten monks, which opens the door for learning and spreading Buddhism. For a time, Buddhism flourished in Maoshan area, and a large number of Buddhist talents stood out. For example, Mihai Fatu Weifang once served as the abbot of Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang, Dalin Temple in Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi Province, and Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai. After liberation, he served as the vice president of the National Buddhist Association. Master Ci Zhou has successively served as abbot of Jinshan in Zhenjiang, abbot of Baohua Mountain in Jurong and president of Zhenjiang Buddhist Association. Master Dayun, a disciple of Mihai, was the deputy secretary-general of Jiangsu Buddhist Association and a teacher of qixia temple Buddhist College. Mihai disciple You Cheng is the abbot of Guangfu Temple in Changshu and Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. Zong Wei, disciple of Mihaifa, abbot of Guangxiao Temple in Taizhou. Jingdezhen Temple in Maoshan has become a Buddhist holy place in the east of Jianghuai.
Maoshan haozi
As a folk song, Maoshan Haozi is widely spread in He Lixia, northern Jiangsu. It has a long history and has a history of nearly a thousand years. In 1950s, folk singers in Maoshan often went to other provinces and East China to participate in folk competitions. At that time, singer Zhu Xianglin went to North Korea with the provincial song and dance troupe to express condolences to Chinese people's Volunteer Army. 1 95 6, Maoshan singers went to Beijing to participate in the National Music Week and sang "Maoshan Song" in Zhongnanhai, which was received by Chairman Mao and other older generations in the Central Committee.
Maoshan chant has beautiful tunes and colorful lyrics, which is a form of entertainment for local farmers to express their feelings when working in the fields.
Maoshan boat club
The custom of punting in Maoshan, Guzhuang, Qintong and Tomb-Sweeping Day has a long history, which originated in the Southern Song Dynasty. Maoshan people helped Shandong Yimin defeat Jin Jun at Suotou Lake in Maoshan, which is a true history.
In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 129), Zhang Rong and Jia Hu, the leaders of the anti-Jin movement in Shandong, gathered more than a thousand people in Shandong, with 200 to 300 fishing boats, to fight south with the Jin people in Liangshanbo. In an attempt to get through the counties along the canal, Jin Jianjun, a lazy and elite teacher, came from Shandong, conquered Chengchu (now Huai 'an City) and captured Taizhou. The insurgents took advantage of the gap to attack and won many victories. The honor is Taizhou, which has inherited Chu's internal affairs, and Taizhou will always inherit Chu. So I decided to go back to Taizhou first. Qintong Lake fought against the enemy in front of Qintong Village, and the boat attacked and pretended to be defeated, retreating to the shrinking lake between Maoshan and Guzhuang. Tart lazy thought that the rebels had small boats, few people and no fighting spirit. He wanted to destroy it, so he followed. Suotou Lake is beside the mountain, the mountain soil is weathered, the lake bed is raised, which will lead to drought and flood, and the enemy ship is blocked by mud and cannot move forward. Divide the army in two, half by boat and half by land. Under the guidance of Maoshan and Guzhuang villagers, the rebels surrounded the enemy ships and shot at them with bows and arrows. The enemy ship couldn't drive, so it couldn't help attacking with four melting ice ships. Enemy soldiers can only jump into the boat and go ashore, in a hurry. They often drown in water or get stuck in mud, so countless people die. Tart lazy climb out of the cabin, by the healthy pawn back river embankment, command healthy pawn and rebel hand-to-hand combat, fight our way out, and went away. Tart lazy to collect defeated soldiers, fled to Chuzhou the next day. Rongjun resumed their department and inspected more than 5000 prisoners. The just people suffered many casualties.
Taking this matter to the world, Chao was honored as the magistrate of Taizhou, and Rong was honored to pay homage to the righteous men who died in Shandong by the shrinking lake. Maoshan, Rong Zhi, chose to set up an altar in the shrinking Hukou highland, and invited Maoshan monks to chant Buddhist scriptures on the altar. Later, people called this place a wine-offering mouth. Mouth in the middle of Maoshan Guzhuang Tanggang River (now a crematorium). People in Maoshan and Guzhuang had buried the dead righteous before setting up altars to offer wine sacrifices. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Japanese invaders invaded He Lixia area of Yangzhou. In order to defend our country, people in Qintong, Maoshan and Guzhuang organized a meeting fleet to help officers and men kill the enemy, which later evolved into the cause of the annual Tomb-Sweeping Day meeting ship. In addition, the moral of supporting boats is that people in Qintong, Maoshan and Guzhuang pay homage to the nameless graves of the righteous who died in the Shandong War of Resistance Against Gold, in order to send their thoughts.
Second, Guangdong Maoshan
Guangdong Maoshan
Maoshan (Máoshān) is located in the northwest suburb of Guangzhou, west of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. It belongs to Jianggao Town, Baiyun District. The village was built in the late Ming Dynasty, and it was named after the thatched hills beside the village.