The glorious course and valuable experience of intransitive verb China's 90th anniversary.
1. What are the experiences and inspirations of China's 90-year glorious course?
2. What guiding significance does Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory have for contemporary China?
First, in building Socialism with Chinese characteristics's ideological line, it is emphasized that the ideological line is a problem of world outlook and methodology, a political issue, and a problem related to the future and destiny of the party and the country.
Second, on the issue of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's essential attributes, a series of erroneous views have been ruled out, pointing out that poverty is not socialism, nor is it too slow to develop, nor is it egalitarian socialism, nor is it polarization. If it is rigid and closed, it will not develop, copy foreign countries will not develop, it will not develop without democracy, and it will not develop without paying attention to material civilization and spiritual civilization. Scientifically reveals that "the essence of socialism is to liberate and develop productive forces, eliminate exploitation and polarization, and finally achieve common prosperity."
Thirdly, on the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's development, it is emphasized that our modernization must proceed from the reality of China, combine the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete reality of our country, and take our own road to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
4. On the issue of the development stage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is emphasized that China is in the primary stage of socialism and will be in it for a long time, which is the most practical and basic national condition of our country. Everything should proceed from this reality and make plans according to this reality.
5. On the fundamental task of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is emphasized that productivity is the most fundamental and decisive factor of social development. At present, the main contradiction in our society is the contradiction between the people's growing material and cultural needs and backward social production, and the development of productive forces must be put in the first place. The fundamental task of socialism is to develop productive forces.
6. Regarding the development strategy of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is emphasized that the construction and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics must proceed from reality and determine the correct development strategy. Clearly put forward the strategic objectives and steps of basically realizing modernization in three steps.
Vii. Regarding the development impetus of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, we should emphasize reform.
8. On the issue of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's opening to the outside world, it is emphasized that today's world is an open one, and it is impossible for any country to develop, isolate or close itself.
9. Regarding the economic construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is emphasized that economic construction should be the center of modernization. Agriculture is the foundation and foundation of the national economy, and we must unswervingly put agriculture in the first place in economic work.
Ten, about the political construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, stressed that "there is no socialism without democracy, there is no socialist modernization". People's democracy is the life of socialism.
XI。 On the issue of cultural construction in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is emphasized that the socialist country we want to build must have a high level of material civilization and spiritual civilization, and only by doing both well can we build socialism with China characteristics.
Regarding the social construction in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is emphasized that social harmony is the essential attribute of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and building a harmonious socialist society is a basic task of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
3. As a contemporary college student, what kind of historical responsibility should you bear?
First of all, I think that our contemporary college students shoulder great historical responsibilities, mainly including studying scientific and cultural knowledge hard, improving ideological and moral level, establishing lofty ideals of serving the motherland and the people, and striving for it all their lives.
Secondly, we contemporary college students should become qualified successors and builders for all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique. Moral, intellectual and physical aspects, moral is the soul and the most important. Einstein, a great physicist, once said: "Science and technology alone cannot lead mankind to a happy and noble life, and human beings have reason to put lofty moral standards above the discovery of objective truth." What a great scientist, what a classic famous saying, which gives us a profound inspiration for contemporary college students, that is, we must strengthen ideological and moral cultivation and improve ideological and moral level. In the new century, in order to improve the ideological and moral level of the whole nation, the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the Implementation Outline of Citizen's Moral Construction, which is the first programmatic document on morality in China in the new century and a guiding light for the people of the whole country to realize a well-off society and modernization. Its basic contents include five aspects: patriotism and law-abiding, courtesy and honesty, unity and enterprising, diligence and self-improvement, and dedication to their posts. Contemporary college students must restrain themselves and develop themselves according to these requirements.
Finally, we contemporary college students should set up lofty ideals to serve the people of the motherland, because ideals are our spiritual pillar, our source of strength, our guiding light and our inexhaustible motive force for progress. Deng Xiaoping said: "Why did we struggle out under difficult circumstances in the past, overcome countless difficulties and obstacles, and make the revolution physiological?" ? It is because we have ideals, Marxist beliefs and communist beliefs. "It can be seen that ideals play a great role in our college students.
Our contemporary college students shoulder the mission of national rejuvenation and become people with lofty ideals and love for the motherland; People who pursue truth and are brave in innovation; People with both ability and political integrity and all-round development; People with broad vision and broad mind; A down-to-earth, knowing and doing one person. Ask not what our motherland can do for us, but what our historical responsibility is and what we can do for our motherland.
○ China has been reforming and opening up for more than 30 years, and it can be said that "change" is the main theme. At the same time, contemporary China upholds the basic principles of scientific socialism and inherits the institutional gene of "China characteristics".
Generally speaking, it is easy to emancipate the mind when encountering difficulties and setbacks. In the case of great achievements, it is not easy to emancipate the mind.
○ The people's dominant position must not be blurred, and their voices in social reform and development are getting weaker and weaker. The setting of social reform and development goals, the design of programs and the introduction of measures are becoming more and more academic, more and more elite, and more and more small-circle.
As a scientific way of thinking, it is hard to respect the national conditions and emphasize starting from the national conditions.
Cheng: Respecting the national conditions and emphasizing proceeding from the national conditions are the scientific thinking method and working method of seeking truth from facts today, and the fundamental starting point of China's "change" and "unchanged". In the modern history of China, emphasizing the particularity of national conditions is an important basis for some conservatives to refuse to reform. From the Opium War to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Lin Zexu, Li Hongzhang and Zhang Zhidong all emphasized that China should change and learn from the West, but at the political and cultural level, they thought it unnecessary for China to learn from the West. Its internal theoretical basis is that China has its own particularity, which is a special national condition. This idea has been embodied in a concentrated way, especially in Zhang Zhidong's article "Encouraging Learning". Even after Marxism was introduced into China, some people rejected and reviled it on the grounds that it did not conform to the national conditions.
Because of this, the word "national conditions" was rejected by liberals, democrats and communists before and after the May 4th Movement, and was regarded as a fig leaf for conservatives to stand still. Therefore, Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun and Hu Shi are all opposed to refusing reform and progress under the pretext of national conditions. Chen Duxiu's remarks are particularly fierce: "If you are determined to innovate, you should adopt the new methods of the West, and you don't have to make a fuss about the quintessence of the country or the national conditions." It can be said that from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, national conditions were used more and more frequently, but their positions and motives were different. Traditionalists regard it as the theoretical and practical basis for resisting western culture, while reformers regard it as a tool of conservatives and one of the obstacles to modern civilization, and criticize it fiercely, which is completely different from the value orientation of criticizing dogmatism with the word national conditions in a positive sense as the representative of Mao Zedong.
■ To comprehensively and objectively understand the national conditions, it is necessary to combine "historical national conditions" with "recent national conditions" and accurately grasp the historical position.
Cheng: Everyone who lives in a specific country or society will have some understanding and feelings about the situation of this country or society, and even have a deep understanding in some individual aspects. However, as the ruling party and government, we cannot simply superimpose the national conditions of branches, but must abstract the fundamental national conditions on the basis of fully grasping specific facts, otherwise the policies they pursue will not be effective. When Li Dazhao criticized Goodnow, He Changxiong and others' argument that "the Republic is not in line with China's national conditions" in the article 19 15, he stressed that it is necessary to comprehensively understand the national conditions, combine the "historical national conditions" with the "recent national conditions", and especially not to judge China's national conditions by foreigners' judgment. Its purpose is to oppose the dismemberment of national conditions and generalize.
Why are there so many schools and prescriptions in modern times? This is closely related to their understanding of the national conditions from different angles. Conservatives have seen the side of China's traditional culture that educates the people and is conducive to governing the country and safeguarding the country, but they have not seen its vague, humanistic and technological side; Yan regards "stupid, weak and poor" as the basic national condition of China, so he regards rural education as the way to save the country. Ren Hongjuan saw that China people lacked scientific spirit, so he devoted himself to saving the country through science. Hu Shi believes that the China problem is rooted in the "five ghosts" (poverty, illness, stupidity, corruption and disturbance) and cannot be solved from the old institutional culture of China, so he advocates full globalization and full westernization; Sun Yat-sen believed that the Qing government was selfish and corrupt, oppressed the Han nationality and flattered foreigners. China's road must first overthrow the Qing government, so he advocated political revolution and social revolution.
It should be admitted that all the above ideas and propositions are the result of examining China's national conditions from different angles (of course, many factors are at work, such as the inertia of path dependence, cultural narcissism, the vision of thinking, the protection of interests and so on. ), but in the eyes of Marxists, these failed to grasp the essence of China and the most fundamental national conditions. This is the social nature of China-a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society with feudal oppression inside and imperialist aggression outside. Based on such national conditions, the people of China launched a new-democratic revolution, which enabled China to gain national independence and national liberation.
■ The unification of national conditions and social conditions is the basic method to solve how to "change" and "keep unchanged" China's modernization.
Cheng: Scientific understanding and accurate judgment of national conditions do not necessarily mean scientific decision-making, not only because understanding the world and transforming the world are different issues, but also because the scientific nature of a country's policy is not enough only based on its own national conditions, but also based on its scientific understanding of the world (the historical position of world development).
Traditional schools in the late Qing Dynasty (die-hards, Westernization School, Qing School, etc. ) They are aware of the backward national conditions of science and technology in China, but they generally don't like, agree with or dare not agree with western politics and culture. Even in 1898, Zhang Zhidong still thought that "the theory of civil rights has no benefits and all kinds of harms", which is probably closely related to the lack of world vision. This world vision is very important for us to formulate policies that are in line with national conditions and can guide us to transcend national conditions. It directly affects the national conditions of China, which can be changed and cannot be changed; What are the conditions that cannot be changed temporarily, what are the conditions that can be changed in the future, and what are the conditions that cannot be changed now and in the future; What needs to be completely changed, and which only needs changes in details; What is the change in form and what is the change in essence ... Otherwise, there will be the strange idea of improving China nationality and eliminating Chinese characters.
■ Some basic rational judgments of the West on China's national conditions.
Wang Qinghong: In American politics, China's rapid rise in politics, economy and society, as well as his decline in influence after the American financial crisis, have made Washington bigwigs realize that the relationship of "teacher-student love" between China and the United States is no longer realistic, and a new bilateral relationship with more equality and mutual benefit is brewing. In this new orientation, the United States will give China more space and support, and what the United States wants is that China will give the United States a psychological and strategic guarantee to ensure that China's strength will not be at the expense of the vested security and interests of western powers.
Compared with the conservative attitude of American political circles towards the rise of China, the attitude of western academic circles towards the new Sino-US relations and Sino-Western relations is more open and imaginative. The concept of "Chimerica" first put forward by Professor Ferguson of Harvard University in 2007 creatively explains the interest community relationship between the United States as the largest consumer and importer and China as the largest saver and producer in the era of globalization. This complementary and mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship largely determines that both China and the United States cannot withstand any simple, direct and comprehensive economic conflict and break. It's like a relationship. Although the two sides quarrel constantly, it is not easy to get a real divorce. This concept reflects the recognition of China's economic rise by American academic circles.
Jacques, a British scholar, made a bold and profound prediction on the future relationship between China and the West from the perspective of the historical evolution of the relationship between China and the West. Jacques asserted that "China will never embark on the road of western democratization, and will only choose a development model different from the western world; The rise of China will not only change the world economic structure, but also completely shake our thinking and lifestyle. " This is a subversion of the prejudice of "modernization means westernization" in the two hundred years of communication between China and the West, and shows the insight of people of insight in the West into Chinese civilization and their expectation for the rise of China. This should touch those of us who only concentrate on our studies and lack overall awareness and creative thinking.
■ Promote political system reform, ensure "unchanged" with "change", and standardize "change" of political system reform with "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "unchanged" political direction.
Cheng: As Engels said, socialism "is not a static thing, but should be regarded as a society that is constantly changing and reforming like any other social system". China's reform and opening up for more than 30 years can be said to be based on "change". At the same time, contemporary China upholds the basic principles of scientific socialism and inherits the institutional gene of "China characteristics". Of course, in these changes, China has always adhered to the "unchanged", that is, unswervingly adhered to the Socialism with Chinese characteristics road. The fundamental point of this road is the organic combination of China characteristics and world vision. No matter in the political system, economic policy and cultural policy, we should stick to those contents that have been proved by practice to be in line with China's national conditions. On this fundamental issue, we can't cater to the appetite of some people or change and change under pressure and interests. As far as political systems are concerned, such as people's congress system, political consultation system, regional ethnic autonomy system, etc., are all suitable for China's national conditions and are derived from summing up the experience and lessons of world political development.
The Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee emphasized that actively and steadily promoting the reform of the political system is an important measure to promote the self-improvement and development of the socialist political system. I want to talk about the democratic political construction in China. According to western standards, China is not a democratic country characterized by multi-party rotation and universal suffrage in their minds, but how many of the countries they regard as democracy are what the people of China yearn for?
After the implementation of western democratic system, many problems have appeared in Asia, Africa and Latin America, which we must pay attention to. Latin American democracy has been 206 years since the Haitian revolution, but social development is extremely slow, especially social unrest. During the 150 years after independence, there were no fewer than 550 military coups in Latin American countries. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, Mexico had 72 governors in less than 100 years, 60 of whom came to power by violence. There were 1825- 1952 coups in Bolivia. Africa also began political democratization in the second half of the 20th century, but it was equally turbulent. From 1960 to 1980, there were 24 1 coups and 70 were successful. In Asia, many democratic countries are in turmoil, corruption or military dictatorship.
Facts have proved that the western democratic system can't guarantee the freedom and happiness of people in all countries and regions, and China has independently explored an effective democratic system with China characteristics, taking the above-mentioned countries as a mirror.
Ji Ming: It is also worth noting that some people think that there are many serious problems in the construction and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and deny the road we have taken in the name of "reflection". It should be noted that the construction and development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a brand-new undertaking, and there is no ready-made experience to follow. It is normal for some problems to arise, but these problems are in progress and can only be solved by deepening reform and accelerating development. If we go back, it means going back to closed and rigid, to stagnation and backwardness, and the result can only be a dead end. Therefore, we can neither take the old closed and rigid road, nor take the evil road of changing the flag, but we can only unswervingly take the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
■ China is in a new historical position, and the further development of society needs to rely on reform.
Ming Xin: As the central plenary session to study the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", development is a natural theme. However, we have noticed that a series of systems and systems are needed to realize these developments and turn them from planning blueprints into practice. Therefore, the extension of this problem is related to the reform of income distribution system. Therefore, behind the development of expanding domestic demand is the reform of income distribution system, which will involve the reform of social and economic operation system and even political system. The theme of the Fifth Plenary Session is development, but the focus is reform, and development depends on reform.
Ji Ming: The new stage of contemporary China's development is marked by reform and opening up, and reform is the core and driving force. In the process of realizing the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", we should not lose sight of the difficulties and problems in the process of reform and opening up because of the great achievements, and we should not shake our determination and confidence in reform and opening up because of the difficulties and problems in the process of progress. We must constantly eliminate all kinds of false interference, unswervingly, tirelessly and without tossing, and ensure that reform and opening up always advance in the right direction. We should adapt to the new changes at home and abroad, conform to the new expectations of the people, strengthen our confidence and courage, persist in implementing the spirit of reform and innovation in all aspects of governing the country, continue to promote the reform and innovation of the economic system, political system, cultural system and social system, accelerate the pace of reform in important areas and key links, resolutely get rid of all ideological concepts and institutional mechanisms that hinder scientific development, promote the coordination of all links and aspects of modernization, and promote the coordination between production relations and productivity, superstructure and economic base. We should adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, expand the breadth and depth of opening to the outside world, improve the quality of opening to the outside world, improve the internal and external linkage, mutual benefit and win-win, safe and efficient open economic system, strengthen economic and technological exchanges and cooperation with other countries in the world, and continue to promote the common development of all countries in the world with our own peaceful development.
■ With the continuous development and changes of social conditions and the background of the times, it is objectively determined that emancipating the mind is an unchanging theme.
Mingxin: I think the guiding ideology of emancipating the mind cannot be changed. We can understand the importance of emancipating the mind from both theoretical and practical aspects. In terms of theoretical requirements, the ideological theory is relatively stable after its formation, but the social situation and the background of the times are constantly developing and changing, which objectively leads to the idea easily lagging behind the reality, which requires emancipating the mind and realizing the unity of thought and reality.
Some people think that the more difficult times, the stronger and more urgent people's demand for emancipating their minds. But today, the development of China is at the highest level in history, and our cause is thriving. Many people can't help asking, in that case, why should we emphasize emancipating the mind? Is it necessary for us to emancipate our minds? Generally speaking, it is easy to emancipate the mind in the case of difficulties and setbacks, easy to emancipate the mind in the case of great achievements, and not easy to emancipate the mind. This can be seen clearly from the course of emancipating our party's mind.
For example, in the late 1970s, China society had reached a critical situation, and the discussion on the standard of truth emancipated the mind for the first time, which was immediately recognized by the whole party and society, and the progress was also profound.
For another example, in the 1990s, China's economic and social reform and development encountered great resistance. Deng Xiaoping once again sounded the clarion call for emancipating the mind, freeing his mind from the worship of the plan and the suspicion of the market, and from the dispute over the surname "society" and "capital", thus establishing a socialist market economic system and ensuring the sustained and healthy development of reform and opening up.
So, what kind of thinking should we break through in emancipating our minds today as we move towards the Twelfth Five-Year Plan? In today's emancipating the mind, we are not faced with clear wrong ideas, but with one-sided understanding and understanding of correct ideas. For example, there is no doubt about the correctness of the view that "development is the last word", but if it is narrowly understood that development at no cost is the last word, problems will arise; For example, the requirement of "centering on economic construction" is absolutely unshakable, but if it becomes centered on GDP, there will be problems; For another example, some development concepts, development ideas and behavior patterns formed in the past 30 years, such as high-input, high-consumption, high-pollution economic growth mode, excessive dependence on labor and low-cost low-level development means, unbalanced development strategies between urban and rural areas and regions, and so on. These development concepts, development ideas and behavior patterns have made great contributions to the reform and development in the past 30 years. Many of our comrades have become accustomed to these ideas and behaviors and still have deep feelings.
But this is also the difficulty of emancipating the mind this time. Therefore, in the process of emancipating the mind, we must be clear and never deny the historical position and realistic value of some past concepts and behaviors. We emancipate our minds this time not to deny anything, but to fully respect history. However, as long as the effective practices in the past do not meet the requirements of present and future development and the new expectations of the people, they must be eliminated without hesitation.
■ The change of political parties must adhere to the principle of "constant change", and the new historical position will make China's purpose and belief not be lost for a moment.
Mingxin: In the past 90 years, the functional orientation of political parties has changed, the objectives and tasks have changed, the ruling environment has changed, and political parties will certainly change.
However, the change of political parties must adhere to the principle of "constant change". A political party is a prescriptive object with a specific connotation or nature. In a specific historical period, it must be constantly changing and relatively stable. As the saying goes, easy, simple and difficult, the qualitative stipulation of a specific stage of change cannot be changed. If you change what you can't change, you will lose your roots, that is, you will destroy the Great Wall.
For China, writing a new theoretical chapter is unified with adhering to the basic principles of Marxism, and there is no contradiction between creating fresh experience and carrying forward historical traditions. The new historical position makes China * * have to be the vanguard of the people of China and the Chinese nation, but this does not mean that it is a dilution of the nature of the vanguard of the working class in China. The class nature of Marxist political parties cannot be lost for a moment, and if it is lost, it will lose its foundation; The new development model enables the people of China to develop the socialist market economy, but this does not mean that the party spirit principle is replaced by the market principle, nor does it mean that political parties have their own special interests. China's aim of serving the people wholeheartedly cannot be lost for a moment, and losing it is tantamount to self-destruction of the Great Wall.
■ The dominant position of the people cannot be changed, and the fundamental requirement that the people are masters of their own affairs cannot be changed.
Ming Xin: party constitution of China explicitly asked the Party to put the interests of the people first at all times and share joys and sorrows with the people. The Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee also explicitly demanded that we should adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, adhere to the party's mass line, and always maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the people. China * * * has repeatedly stressed that no matter how China's society develops, its feelings for the people cannot be changed, which is a requirement.
It can be said that the people are the main body of social development and progress, which is an issue that does not need to be discussed for the people of China, and is equivalent to the "axiom" in natural science. However, we also have to point out that in the actual practice of social development, especially in some specific development processes, the people's dominant position is becoming more and more blurred, and their voice in social reform and development is getting weaker and weaker. The setting of social reform and development goals, the design of programs and the introduction of measures are becoming more and more academic, more and more elite, and more and more small-circle.
As far as China is concerned, we are a socialist country under the leadership of China. Theoretically, the 654.38+300 million people in China are equal in political, economic and cultural rights. With the rapid development of society and the gradual improvement of people's political awareness and rights awareness, the gap between the rich and the poor that is too wide is not only impossible to produce efficiency, but will lead to economic stagnation and even social conflicts. In contemporary China, development is the last word, especially for the people. The fruits of our development, whether material or spiritual, should be shared by the broadest masses of the people to meet their growing material and cultural needs. If the broadest masses of the people cannot and cannot share the fruits of reform and development, there will be no harmonious progress of society.
Therefore, from the perspective of China, the feelings for the people cannot be changed; From the perspective of China society, it means that the people's dominant position cannot be changed, the fundamental requirement that the people are masters of the country cannot be changed, and the basic principle that all state power comes from the people and all power belongs to the people cannot be changed.