1 Compare down? Especially when their self-esteem is threatened, they will choose downward social comparison and compare with those who are obviously worse than themselves. A downward society can better protect children's self-esteem.

2 Moral development

Kohlberg advocates that moral development can be divided into three levels and six stages.

1 level, pre-customized ethics, divided into two stages.

The first stage is the orientation of obedience and punishment. At this stage, people obey the rules in order to avoid punishment and obey for obedience.

The second stage, reward orientation. At this stage, individuals only obey the rules that are beneficial to them, and obey the rules in order to get the return.

The second layer, customs and morals.

Individuals at this level regard themselves as members of society when dealing with moral issues, and they are interested in becoming good citizens of society to please others.

Stage 3, "good boy" morality, in this stage, individuals are interested in keeping others' respect for themselves and doing what they expect of themselves.

The fourth stage, maintaining the authority and morality of social order: in this stage, individuals abide by social rules and define what is right as what is right in society.

The third layer, post-custom morality.

People at this level use more moral principles than those used in any particular society.

The fifth stage: contract individual rights and democratic ways to accept the morality of law: people at this stage will do the right thing because they have a sense of dissent to the socially recognized laws, and they think that the laws can be modified as a variable part of the inherent social contract.

Stage 6, the morality of personal principles and conscience. In the last stage, individuals obey the law because the law is based on universal ethical principles, and they will not obey laws that violate the principles.

Kohlberg's theory holds that people's moral development has a fixed experience sequence. Due to the limitations of cognitive development, they can't reach the highest stage until adolescence. Kohlberg found that very few people have reached the level of customary morality.

Second, the establishment of children's mid-term relationship.

What personality traits make children popular?

Popular children have some common personality characteristics. They are usually helpful and cooperative. They are also very interesting. They usually have a sense of humor and can appreciate others' sense of humor. They can also control their flash fighters and behaviors more effectively, so as to express themselves better. In short, they are very popular. Children have high social skills. Social competence is a collection of social skills that enable individuals to successfully express themselves in social environment.

People who are bullied often have some common characteristics. Most of them are very passive, unsociable, often prone to crying, and lack the corresponding social skills that may alleviate bullying.

To improve children's social skills, we can start from the following aspects:

1 Encourage socializing.

Teach children listening skills.

Teach children to perceive the emotions and feelings expressed by others in non-verbal ways.

Teach students conversational skills.

Don't let children choose teams in public to avoid the embarrassing situation that only a few children are not selected in the end.

Third, family and school, in the middle of childhood, shape individual behavior.

What kind of influence does parental divorce have on children? It depends on the age of the child at the time of divorce and the length of time the parents divorced. If the parents just divorced, the child's reaction will be very bad. At this time, both parents and children may have psychological disorders for a period of time, which may last for six months to two years.

If children are in the early middle childhood when their parents divorce, that is, in the third grade, they often blame themselves for the breakdown of their parents' relationship. When children reach the age of 10 and have to choose between their parents, they will feel pressure, so they will experience split loyalty to some extent.

However, in most cases, school-age children in mixed families have developed unexpectedly. Compared with teenagers, school-age children will adapt to this mixed family relatively smoothly, instead of facing many difficulties like teenagers in mixed families.

An important trend of American primary education is to improve students' emotional intelligence. That is, a set of skills based on accurate evaluation of emotional expression and regulation.