Source: China Education News 2065438+June 23rd, 2004.
People's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:
In recent years, China's vocational education has developed rapidly, the system construction has been steadily advanced, and a large number of middle and senior skilled talents have been trained, which has made important contributions to improving the quality of workers, promoting economic and social development and promoting employment. At the same time, we should also see that the current vocational education can not fully meet the needs of economic and social development, the structure is not reasonable, the quality needs to be improved, the conditions for running schools are weak, and the system and mechanism are not smooth. Accelerating the development of modern vocational education is a major strategic deployment made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, which is of great significance for further implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, creating a greater talent bonus, accelerating the transformation of mode, adjusting structure and promoting upgrading. The following decisions are made on accelerating the development of modern vocational education.
I. General requirements
(1) guiding ideology. Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, we should adhere to the principle of moral education, service development and employment promotion, adapt to the needs of scientific and technological progress, production mode change and social public service, deepen the reform of system and mechanism, give full play to the role of government and market, accelerate the construction of modern vocational education system, deepen the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation, and cultivate hundreds of millions of high-quality workers and technical and technical talents.
(2) Basic principles.
-government promotion and market guidance. Give full play to the role of the government in ensuring basic and promoting fairness, make efforts to create an institutional environment, formulate development plans, improve basic conditions for running schools, and strengthen standardized management, supervision and guidance. Give full play to the role of market mechanism, guide social forces to participate in running schools, expand high-quality educational resources, stimulate the vitality of school development, and promote the close connection between vocational education and social needs.
-Strengthening overall planning and classified guidance. Firmly establish the important position of vocational education in the national talent training system, coordinate the development of vocational education at all levels, and adhere to the simultaneous development of school education and vocational training. Strengthen the coordination and cooperation between provincial people's governments and departments, and strengthen the guidance of industry departments on vocational education in their own departments and industries. Promote the common development of public and private vocational education.
-service demand and employment orientation. Serve the economic and social development and the all-round development of people, and promote the docking of specialty setting and industrial demand, curriculum content and professional standards, teaching process and production process, graduation certificate and vocational qualification certificate, and vocational education and lifelong learning. Focus on improving the employability of young people.
-integration of production and education, running schools with characteristics. Simultaneously plan vocational education and economic and social development, coordinate and promote human resources development and technological progress, and promote the connection between education and teaching reform and industrial transformation and upgrading. Highlight the characteristics of vocational colleges and strengthen school-enterprise cooperation to educate people.
-Systematic training and diversified talents. Promote the close connection between secondary and higher vocational education, give play to the basic role of secondary vocational education in developing modern vocational education, and give play to the important role of higher vocational education in optimizing the structure of higher education. Strengthen the communication between vocational education and general education, and build an "overpass" for students' diversified choices and multi-path success.
(3) objectives and tasks. By 2020, a world-class modern vocational education system with China characteristics will be formed, which meets the needs of development, integrates production with education, connects secondary vocational schools with higher vocational schools, and connects vocational education with general education.
-The structural scale is more reasonable. Generally speaking, the enrollment scale of secondary vocational schools and ordinary high schools is roughly the same, and the scale of higher vocational education accounts for more than half of higher education, so the overall educational structure is more reasonable. By 2020, the enrollment of secondary vocational education will be 23.5 million, the enrollment of vocational education at junior college level will be14.8 million, and the number of people receiving vocational education at undergraduate level will reach a certain scale. Continuing education for employees reached 350 million person-times.
-The layout and specialty setting of colleges and universities are more suitable for economic and social needs. Adjust and improve the regional layout of vocational colleges, scientifically and reasonably set up majors, improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of majors with industrial development, and strive to improve the talent training ability for modern agriculture, advanced manufacturing, modern service industry, strategic emerging industries, social management and ecological civilization construction.
-The running level of vocational colleges has generally improved. The training level of all kinds of professionals has been greatly improved, the conditions for running schools have been significantly improved, the allocation level of training equipment has been more adapted to the requirements of technological progress, and modern information technology has been widely used. Significant progress has been made in the construction of "double-qualified" teachers who combine full-time and part-time work. Build a number of world-class vocational colleges and key majors, and form an internationally competitive talent training highland.
-The development environment is more optimized. The modern vocational education system is basically established, the policies and regulations are more perfect, the relevant standards are more scientific and standardized, and the supervision mechanism is more perfect. The policy of guiding and encouraging social forces to participate is more sound. The concept of talents in the whole society has obviously improved, and the atmosphere of supporting and participating in vocational education has become stronger.
Second, accelerate the construction of a modern vocational education system.
(4) Consolidate and improve the development level of secondary vocational education. All localities should co-ordinate the enrollment of secondary vocational schools and ordinary high schools, implement the requirement of roughly equal enrollment of vocational schools, and accelerate the popularization of high school education. Encourage high-quality schools to integrate school-running resources and optimize the layout structure of secondary vocational education through merger, trusteeship and cooperative education. Promote the counterpart cooperation between secondary vocational schools such as county-level vocational education centers and urban universities and scientific research institutions, and implement academic education, technology promotion, poverty alleviation and development, labor transfer training, and social life education. On the basis of ensuring the quality of students' technical skills training, strengthen the basic education of culture, realize the ability of employment and the foundation of continuing education. Conditional ordinary high schools should appropriately increase the content of vocational and technical education.
(V) Innovative development of higher vocational education. Higher vocational colleges should cooperate closely with Industry-University-Research, cultivate technical and skilled personnel to serve regional development, pay attention to technological research and development and product upgrading of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and strengthen community education and lifelong learning services. Explore the development of vocational education at undergraduate level. Establish a professional degree postgraduate training mode that is oriented by professional needs, pays attention to the cultivation of practical ability and combines production with learning. Study and establish a degree system that conforms to the characteristics of vocational education. In principle, secondary vocational schools will not be upgraded or merged into higher vocational colleges, and junior vocational colleges will not be upgraded or merged into undergraduate colleges, forming a clear, scientific and reasonable hierarchical structure of vocational education.
(six) to guide the transformation and development of ordinary undergraduate colleges. Take pilot promotion, demonstration and other ways to guide a group of ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities to transform into applied technology-oriented colleges and universities with undergraduate vocational education as the mainstay. When an independent college is transformed into an independent institution of higher learning, it is encouraged to be positioned as an applied technology institution of higher learning. Establish a classification system for colleges and universities, implement classification management, and accelerate the establishment of a classification setting, evaluation, guidance and funding system. Policies and measures such as enrollment and investment are inclined to applied technology universities.
(7) Improve the diversified growth channels of vocational education talents. Improve the examination enrollment methods such as "cultural quality+vocational skills", individual enrollment, comprehensive evaluation enrollment, and exemption of top talents, so as to provide students with various opportunities to receive higher vocational education at different levels. In the fields of preschool education, nursing, health service and community service. Improve the examination enrollment method for junior high school graduates and carry out through training for secondary and higher vocational schools. Appropriately increase the proportion of secondary vocational school graduates recruited by professional higher vocational colleges and the proportion of vocational college graduates recruited by undergraduate colleges. Gradually expand the proportion of people with practical experience in higher vocational colleges. Establish a credit accumulation and conversion system to promote mutual recognition and convergence of learning achievements.
(eight) actively develop various forms of continuing education. Establish a flexible learning system that is conducive to all workers receiving vocational education and training, serving the whole people and lifelong learning, and promote the construction of a learning society. Vocational education and training are widely carried out for junior and senior high school graduates, disabled people, unemployed people and other groups. Promote the project of continuing education for farmers, strengthen the construction of agriculture-related majors, courses and teaching materials, and innovate the mode of combining agriculture. Promote a number of counties (cities, districts) to play an exemplary role in the reform and development of rural vocational education and adult education. Make use of the resources of vocational colleges to extensively carry out staff education and training. Attach importance to the cultivation of dual-use talents. Retired soldiers receive vocational education and training and enjoy preferential treatment in accordance with relevant state regulations.
Third, stimulate the vitality of vocational education.
(nine) to guide and support social forces to set up vocational education. Innovate the mode of running private vocational education, and actively support all kinds of school-running entities to hold private vocational education through various forms such as sole proprietorship, joint venture and cooperation; Explore the development of joint-stock and mixed-ownership vocational colleges, allowing capital, knowledge, technology, management and other elements to participate in running schools and enjoy corresponding rights. Explore the mutual entrustment management and purchase service mechanism of vocational colleges run by public and social forces. Guide social forces to participate in the teaching process and jointly develop educational resources such as courses and teaching materials. Vocational colleges run by social forces have the same legal status as public vocational colleges and enjoy relevant education, taxation, land, finance and other policies according to law. We will improve the systems of government subsidies, purchase of services, student loans, fund incentives and donation incentives, and encourage social forces to participate in the running, management and evaluation of vocational education.
(10) Improve the enterprise participation system. Study and formulate relevant laws, regulations and incentive policies to promote school-enterprise cooperation in running schools, deepen the integration of production and education, encourage industry enterprises to hold or participate in vocational education, and give play to the important role of enterprises in running schools. Enterprises above designated size should have institutions or personnel to organize and implement employee education and training, connect with vocational colleges, and set up student practice and teacher practice posts. Reasonable income-related expenses actually incurred by an enterprise to receive interns shall be deducted when calculating taxable income according to the current tax law. Various forms support enterprises to build public training bases with both production and teaching functions. Enterprises that set up vocational colleges meet the requirements of vocational education development planning, and all localities can give support by purchasing services from the government. Enterprises or business activities organized by vocational colleges with the main purpose of serving students' internship and training shall enjoy preferential treatment such as taxation in accordance with relevant state regulations. Support enterprises to jointly cultivate and train talents through school-enterprise cooperation, and constantly enhance enterprise value. Enterprises will carry out vocational education into corporate social responsibility reports.
(eleven) to strengthen industry guidance, evaluation and service. Strengthen the construction of industry guidance capacity and formulate industry guidance policies by classification. Through authorization, purchase of services, etc. , the responsibilities suitable for industry organizations to industry organizations, give policy support, strengthen service supervision. Industry organizations should perform the duties of releasing the demand for talents in the industry, promoting school-enterprise cooperation, participating in guiding education and teaching, and carrying out quality evaluation, and establish a system for forecasting the demand for human resources in the industry and regularly releasing employment.
(12) Improve the modern vocational school system. Expand the autonomy of vocational colleges in specialty setting and adjustment, personnel management, teacher evaluation and employment, income distribution, etc. Vocational colleges should formulate rules and regulations that reflect the characteristics of vocational education according to law, improve their governance structure and enhance their governance capacity. Establish a school board or board of directors with the participation of schools, industries, enterprises and communities. Formulate the qualification standards for principals, and promote the reform of the appointment system for principals and the open selection pilot. Adhere to and improve the principal responsibility system of secondary vocational schools and the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party Committee of public higher vocational colleges. The establishment of enterprise management and technical personnel and school leaders, backbone teachers mutual part-time system. Improve the internal distribution mechanism of performance appraisal that reflects the characteristics of running and managing vocational colleges.
(thirteen) encourage multiple subjects to form vocational education groups. To study and formulate support policies for universities, industries, enterprises, scientific research institutions and social organizations to jointly establish vocational education groups, and give play to the important role of vocational education groups in promoting the organic integration of education chains and industrial chains. Encourage central enterprises and leading enterprises in the industry to take the lead in setting up vocational education groups. Explore the establishment of a vocational education group covering the whole industrial chain. Improve the governance structure and decision-making mechanism of the joint meeting, the board of directors and the Council. According to the law, we will carry out a pilot reform of multi-investment entities to jointly build vocational education groups.
(fourteen) to strengthen the accumulation of technical skills in vocational education. Formulate multi-participation support policies, promote the linkage of government, schools, industries and enterprises, and promote the accumulation and innovation of technical skills. Promoting vocational colleges and industrial enterprises to jointly build technology and product development centers, experimental training platforms and skill master studios has become an important carrier of national technical skill accumulation and innovation. Teachers and students in vocational colleges have the intellectual property rights of technology development, product design and other achievements, and can be invested in enterprises according to the law and regulations.
Fourth, improve the quality of personnel training.
(fifteen) to promote the innovation of talent training mode. Adhere to school-enterprise cooperation, work-study combination, and strengthen the education and teaching activities of integrating teaching with learning. Carry out teaching modes such as project teaching, case teaching and working process-oriented teaching. Increase the proportion of practical training in teaching, innovate the form of on-the-job practice, and strengthen the assessment of practical training aimed at educating people. Improve the student internship liability insurance system. Actively promote the "double certificate" system for academic certificates and vocational qualification certificates. We will carry out a pilot project of modern apprenticeship with joint enrollment and joint training between schools and enterprises, improve support policies, and promote the integration of schools and enterprises to educate people. Carry out vocational skills competitions.
(sixteen) to establish and improve the curriculum convergence system. To meet the needs of economic development, industrial upgrading and technological progress, we should establish a linkage development mechanism between professional teaching standards and professional standards. Promote the convergence of specialty setting, professional curriculum content and professional standards, promote the convergence of training objectives, specialty setting and teaching process in secondary and higher vocational schools, and form a closely connected, distinctive and dynamically adjusted vocational education curriculum system. Implement quality education in an all-round way, set up courses scientifically and reasonably, and run professional ethics and humanistic quality education through the whole training process.
(seventeen) the construction of "double-qualified" teachers. Improve teachers' qualification standards and implement teachers' professional standards. Improve the evaluation and employment methods of teachers' professional and technical positions (titles) and explore the establishment of full and senior teachers' positions (titles) in vocational schools. Strengthen the training of principals and implement a five-year training system for all staff. Implement the teacher enterprise practice system. The government should support schools to hire part-time teachers independently in accordance with relevant regulations. Improve the relevant policies for enterprise engineers and technicians and high-skilled talents to serve as full-time and part-time teachers in vocational colleges, and regard the teaching situation of part-time teachers as an important content of their performance evaluation. Strengthen the construction of vocational and technical normal colleges. Promote high-level schools and large and medium-sized enterprises to jointly build a "double-qualified" teacher training base. All localities should check the staffing of public vocational colleges according to the characteristics of vocational education in comparison with ordinary high schools and institutions of higher learning. Strengthen the construction of scientific research and teaching team in vocational education, and improve scientific research ability and teaching and research level.
(eighteen) improve the level of information technology. We will build an effective mechanism to expand the coverage of high-quality educational resources by means of information technology, promote the cross-regional and cross-industry co-construction and sharing of vocational education resources, and gradually realize the full coverage of high-quality digital education resources of all majors. Development and application of virtual simulation training system supporting specialized courses. Popularize distance teaching by real-time interaction between teaching process and production process. Accelerate the construction of information management platform, strengthen the cultivation of modern information technology application ability, and regard modern information technology application ability as an important basis for teacher evaluation and employment.
(nineteen) to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation. Improve the Sino-foreign cooperation mechanism, support vocational colleges to introduce high-level experts and high-quality educational resources from abroad, and encourage exchanges between teachers and students in Chinese and foreign vocational colleges. Implement Sino-foreign vocational colleges' cooperation in running schools, and explore and standardize vocational colleges' running schools abroad. We will promote the development mode of vocational education that is compatible with the "going out" of China enterprises and products, and pay attention to cultivating localized talents that meet the overseas production and operation needs of China enterprises. Actively participate in the formulation of international standards for vocational education, and develop professional standards and curriculum systems that are linked with international advanced standards. Enhance the international influence of the National Vocational College Skills Competition.
Fifth, improve the level of development security.
(twenty) improve the stable investment mechanism of funds. People's governments at all levels should establish a financial investment system that is compatible with the scale of running a school and the training requirements, and local people's governments should formulate and implement the standards of per capita funding or public funding for vocational colleges according to law to improve the basic conditions for running a vocational college. The proportion of local education added to vocational education is not less than 30%. Strengthen the overall planning of local people's government funds, give full play to the role of enterprise employees' education and training funds, employment funds and poverty alleviation and resettlement funds in vocational training, and improve the efficiency of fund use. The people's governments at or above the county level shall establish a performance evaluation system for vocational education funds, an announcement system for audit supervision, and an open system for budget and final accounts.
(twenty-one) improve the incentive policy for social forces. Encourage social forces to donate money to set up vocational education and broaden the financing channels for running schools. Donations to vocational colleges through public welfare social organizations or people's governments at or above the county level and their departments shall be deducted before tax in accordance with the current tax law. Improve policies such as financial discount loans and improve the financing mechanism of private vocational colleges. Enterprises should fulfill the responsibility of employee education and training, and fully withdraw the education and training funds according to law. General enterprises fully withdraw education and training funds according to 1.5% of the total wages of employees. Enterprises with high skill requirements, many training materials, heavy training tasks and good economic benefits can extract 2.5%, of which the proportion used for front-line staff education and training is not less than 60%. Except as otherwise provided by the competent departments of finance and taxation of the State Council, the part of employees' education expenses incurred by the enterprise that does not exceed 2.5% of the total wages and salaries is allowed to be deducted; The excess shall be allowed to be carried forward and deducted in future tax years. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall collect the vocational education funds that enterprises should bear according to law and use them as a whole for local vocational education. Explore ways and mechanisms to develop vocational education by using foreign capital.
(twenty-two) to strengthen the basic capacity building. Classify and formulate standards for running secondary vocational schools and higher vocational colleges, and basically meet the standards by 2020. Implement the quality improvement plan of modern vocational education on the basis of integrating existing projects, promote the establishment and improvement of the per capita funding system in higher vocational colleges, and guide higher vocational colleges to deepen the school-running mechanism and education and teaching reform; Focus on supporting secondary vocational schools to improve the basic conditions for running schools, develop high-quality teaching resources and improve the quality of teachers; Promote the establishment of a cooperative working mechanism for secondary vocational education in developed and underdeveloped areas. Continue to implement the basic capacity building project of secondary vocational education. Support the transformation of a number of undergraduate universities to applied technology-oriented universities. Local people's governments, relevant industry departments and large enterprises should earnestly strengthen the basic capacity building of vocational colleges and support a number of vocational colleges to strive for the international advanced level.
(twenty-three) improve the funding policy system. Further improve the fair, just, pluralistic, standardized and efficient national vocational education funding policy. Gradually establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the coverage of grants and subsidy standards in vocational colleges, and increase assistance to students majoring in agriculture, forestry, water, mineral oil and nuclear engineering. There are plans to support concentrated contiguous areas with special difficulties to restrict development, and prohibit junior high school graduates from development zones from receiving vocational education in economically developed areas inside and outside provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). We will improve the subsidy policy for farmers, migrant workers, on-the-job workers, unemployed people, disabled people and retired soldiers. Receive vocational education and training, and actively promote the payment method based on direct subsidies to individuals. Relevant departments and vocational colleges should effectively strengthen the management of funds, strictly investigate the problem of "double student status" and "fake student status", and ensure the effective use of subsidy funds.
(twenty-four) increase support for vocational education in rural and poverty-stricken areas. Serve the construction of the national food security system, actively develop modern agricultural vocational education, establish a public welfare farmer training system, and vigorously cultivate new professional farmers. Build a number of secondary vocational schools in poverty-stricken areas with concentrated population and industrial development needs. The state has formulated a reward and compensation policy to support vocational colleges in the eastern region to expand the enrollment scale for the central and western regions, and deepen cooperation in specialty construction, curriculum development, resource sharing and school management. Strengthen vocational education in ethnic minority areas, improve the conditions for running vocational colleges in ethnic minority areas, continue to run secondary vocational classes in Tibet and Xinjiang in the mainland, and build a number of national cultural heritage and innovation demonstration professional points.
(twenty-five) improve the employment and employment security policies. Earnestly implement the employment access system. Laborers engaged in special types of work involving public safety, personal health and safety of life and property must be employed from those who have obtained corresponding academic certificates or vocational training certificates and obtained corresponding vocational qualification certificates. Support qualified vocational colleges to establish vocational skill appraisal institutes (stations) and improve the methods for qualified graduates of vocational colleges to obtain corresponding vocational qualification certificates. People's governments at all levels should create an equal employment environment and eliminate all institutional obstacles and employment discrimination that affect equal employment, such as urban and rural areas, industries, identity and gender; Party and government organs, enterprises and institutions shall not discriminate against vocational college graduates. Combine with deepening the reform of income distribution system to promote enterprises to raise the income level of skilled talents. Encourage enterprises to establish post allowance and special post allowance system for high-skilled talents.
Sixth, strengthen organizational leadership.
(twenty-six) the implementation of government responsibility. Improve the management system of hierarchical management, local priority, government overall planning and social participation. The relevant departments of the State Council should effectively use the means of overall planning, policy guidance, tax finance, financial transfer payment and other levers to strengthen the overall coordination and classified guidance of vocational education development; Local governments should effectively assume the main responsibility, promote the reform and development of vocational education according to local conditions, and explore and solve difficult problems in the development of vocational education. It is necessary to speed up the transformation of government functions, reduce the overlapping and dispersion of departmental responsibilities, and reduce the intervention in specific affairs of school education and teaching. Give full play to the role of the joint meeting system of vocational education departments and form a joint effort.
(twenty-seven) to strengthen supervision and evaluation. The education supervision department should improve the way of supervision and evaluation, and strengthen the supervision of the government and relevant departments to perform their duties of developing vocational education; To implement the supervision report publishing system, the supervision report as an important basis for the supervision unit and its principal responsible person to assess rewards and punishments. Improve the quality evaluation system of vocational education, regularly evaluate the running level and professional teaching of vocational colleges, and implement the annual reporting system of vocational education quality. Attach importance to the role of industries and employers, and actively support third-party organizations to carry out evaluation.
(twenty-eight) to create a good environment. Promote the accelerated revision of the Vocational Education Law. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, study and improve the recognition and reward system for advanced units and individuals in vocational education. Implement the reward system for scientific research and teaching achievements in vocational education, and lead the reform and innovation of vocational education with excellent results. Study and establish a vocational education activity week. Vigorously publicize the advanced deeds and important contributions of high-quality workers and technical and skilled personnel, guide the whole society to establish the concepts of respecting labor, knowledge, technology and innovation, promote the formation of a social atmosphere of "advocating skills, not just academic qualifications", and improve the social influence and attraction of vocational education.
the State Council
2065438+May 2, 2004
According to the Chinese government website,